《跨境電子商務(wù)雙語教程》案例庫CaseBankfor《BilingualCourseofCross-borderE-commerce》2025年7月InJuly2025

Chapter3PostingandManagementofCross-borderE-commerceProducts第3章跨境電商產(chǎn)品刊登與管理Case1:FromTaobaotoAliExpress,Liitoka**sells50millionbatteriesannuallyUndertheenergycrisis,thepriceofelectricityinmanyoverseascountriesremainedhigh,andtheoutbreakoftheepidemicledtotheprosperityofoutdooractivities.Productssuchasbatteriesandenergystoragepowersupplieswereverypopularoverseas.Especiallyin2022,theenergyshortageofEuropeancountriesbegantobeobvious,andcleanenergyalsobecameincreasinglyimportant.Inrecentmonths,inadditiontoChineseheatersandthermalunderwear,energystoragepowersupplyhasalsomaintainedahighgrowthrateinEurope.AccordingtoZhang*,headofthebatterybrandLiitoka**,thesalesvolumeofLiitoka**intheEuropeanmarkethasincreasedby200%month-on-monthinthepastthreemonths.Liitoka**isabrandunderShenzhenXin**PowerSupplyCo.,Ltd.BeforeventuringintoCross-borderE-commerce,Liitoka**wasjustabatteryselleronTaobao.Nowithasbecometheleaderofthebatterycategoryofthestore,withasalesvolumeof50millionYuanin2021.2014isanimportantyearforLan**andZhang*(foundersoftheLiitoka**).Inthatyear,theLiitoka**brandwasofficiallyregisteredandopenedoverseasmarkets,andalargeorderof1000batterieswasreceivedshortlyafteritsarrivalatAliExpress.Later,theyfoundthatconsumersinoverseasmarketsaredifferentfromdomesticconsumers,andtheyprefertocustomizebatterypackproducts.ThecustomizationbusinessofbatteriesisthemaindependenceofLiitoka**'sordervolume.Liitoka**hasestablishedagoodreputationoverseaswithhigh-qualitycustomizedproducts.Manyconsumerssharetheirshoppingexperienceonforumsandvideowebsitesafterpurchasingbatteryproductsandbecometheoverseas"spokesperson"ofLiitoka**.Withtheincreaseofsalesandprofits,ZhangNiandLanzhisencontinuetoincreasethesizeofCross-borderE-commerce,increasetheteamsize,expandthesalescategory,andexpandthesaleschannels.NowIcanseethefigureofLiitoka**onAmazonandotherplatforms.ThefamilyfactoryalsodecidednottocontinuetodoOEM,buttoconcentrateonthedesignandmanufactureofitsownbrandproductsAttheendofDecember2021,the"requirements"ofconsumersandthechangeofforeignconsumptiontrendsmadetheMrLan**feelthattheenergystoragepowersupplyhasagreatprospect,andLiitoka**decidedtoofficiallyjointheranksofenergystoragepowersupply.TheenergystoragepowersoldbyLiitoka**cannotonlybeusedinoutdoorcamping,generatorstartup,electricvehicles,electrictoolsandotherscenarios,butalsobeusedforsolarandwindpowergenerationenergystorage.In2022,whenEuropeanenergyisinshortsupply,Liitoka**achievedgrowthbyrelyingonnewlydevelopedenergystoragepowersupply.SinceitsentryintoAliExpress,theannualgrowthrateofLiitoka**'sperformancehasbeenmaintainedatabout1.5times.Speakingofthewayofbrandgrowth,inthepasteightyears,theinnovationandchangeofLiitoka**fromscratchtonow,thecutting-edgetechnologyhasplayedagreatroleinLiitoka**.TheachievementofLiitoka**cannotbeseparatedfromthedividendsbroughtbynationaldevelopment.Today,Liitoka**hasenteredtheranksofoverseasbrands.Intheprocessofoperation,Liitoka**hasalwaysadheredtothebusinessphilosophyof"productsareking",putproductqualityanduserexperiencefirst,anditsoverallevaluationofitsstoreisabove4.8points,higherthantheaverageleveloftheplatform.Speakingofthefuturedevelopment,Mr.andMrs.Lan**saidthatinnovationisverynecessaryandmustbedone.Ifyouwanttostandout,youshouldpaymoreattentiontodetailsandimprovetheuserexperience.Source:S/a/600268341_121476901Question:(1)WhataretheevaluationrulesoftheAliExpressplatform?(2)WhycanLiitoka**continuetogetordersafterenteringAliExpress?(3)AnalyzethereasonwhycanLiitoka**successfullyupgradefromsmallbatterysupplytotheenergystoragepowersupply.案例1：從淘寶到速賣通，Liitoka**靠賣電池年銷5000萬能源危機下，海外多國電價居高不下，加之疫情解封帶動戶外活動的繁榮，電池以及儲能電源等產(chǎn)品在海外大受歡迎。尤其是2022年，歐洲各國的能源緊缺問題開始明顯，清潔能源也顯得愈發(fā)重要。近幾個月，爆火歐洲的除了中國取暖器、保暖內(nèi)衣之外，儲能電源同樣保持著較高的增速。據(jù)電池品牌Liitoka**負責人張妮透露，近3個月來Liitoka**歐洲市場的銷售額環(huán)比增長了200%。Liitoka**是深圳市鑫**電源有限公司旗下的品牌，在涉獵跨境電商之前，Liitoka**還只是淘寶的一個電池商家。2014年，Liitoka**注冊品牌并入駐速賣通開啟出海之路，如今已經(jīng)成為速賣通上電池品類的佼佼者，2021年創(chuàng)下了5000萬元的銷售額。2014年，對于藍**、張*夫婦來說是重要的一年。這一年Liitoka**品牌正式注冊并開拓海外市場，入住速賣通后不久就接到一筆1000個電池的大訂單。隨后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)海外市場消費者與國內(nèi)消費者不一樣，他們更希望定制電池組產(chǎn)品，電池的定制化業(yè)務(wù)是Liitoka**訂單起量的主要依靠。Liitoka**憑借優(yōu)質(zhì)的定制化產(chǎn)品在海外建立了良好的口碑，不少消費者購買電池產(chǎn)品后在論壇以及視頻網(wǎng)站上分享購物體驗，成為Liitoka**的海外“代言人”。隨著銷量和利潤逐漸走高，張*和藍**不斷加碼跨境電商，增加團隊規(guī)模、擴充銷售品類、拓寬銷售渠道，現(xiàn)在我在亞馬遜等其它平臺上均能看到Liitoka**的身影，家族的工廠也決定不再繼續(xù)做代工，而是全身心投入自有品牌產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計與制造。2021年12月底，消費者的“要求”加之國外消費趨勢的改變，這讓藍**夫婦覺得儲能電源有著很大的前景，Liitoka**決定正式加入了儲能電源行列。Liitoka**所銷售的儲能電源不僅可以在戶外露營、發(fā)電機啟動、電動汽車、電動工具等多場景下使用，同時也能用作太陽能和風力發(fā)電儲能。在歐洲能源緊缺的2022年，Liitoka**依靠新開發(fā)的儲能電源實現(xiàn)了增長。從入駐速賣通至今，Liitoka**每年的業(yè)績增速都維持在1.5倍左右。說到品牌成長之路，8年來，Liitoka**從無到有、再到現(xiàn)在的創(chuàng)新和改變，前沿的科技對Liitoka**起到了很大的幫助，Liitoka**能有此成就，離不開國家發(fā)展帶來的紅利。如今，Liitoka**已然邁入了出海品牌行列，在經(jīng)營的過程中，Liitoka**始終堅持“產(chǎn)品為王”的經(jīng)營理念，將產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和用戶體驗放在首位，其速賣通店鋪的整體評價在4.8分以上，高于平臺的平均水平。談起未來的發(fā)展，藍**夫婦表示創(chuàng)新是非常有必要的，而且是一定要去做的，想要脫穎而出還是要更加注重細節(jié)，提升用戶體驗。資料來源：搜狐網(wǎng)/a/600268341_121476901問題：（1）速賣通平臺的評價規(guī)則是怎么樣的？（2）入住速賣通不久，Liitoka**為何能持續(xù)獲得訂單？（3）分析Liitoka**小號電池到儲能電源的升級成功的原因?ReferenceAnswers：TheevaluationoftheAliExpressplatformcanbedividedintotwocategories:creditevaluationandseller'sitemizedscore.Theseller'sitemizedscorereferstothebuyer'sanonymousevaluationoftheaccuracyofthedescriptionofthegoodsprovidedbythesellerinthetransaction,thequalityofcommunicationandthespeedofresponse,andthereasonablenessofthedeliverytimeofthegoodsaftertheendoftheordertransaction.Itisthebuyer'sone-wayscorefortheseller.Creditevaluationreferstotheevaluationofthecreditstatusoftheotherpartybybothpartiesafterthetransaction,includingthefive-pointscoringandcomments.ThepriceofLiitoka**batteryproductshasadvantages;MrLan**andhiswifetimelylaunchedthecustomizedserviceofLiitoka**batteryproductsbasedonconsumerdemand;Withitshigh-qualityproducts,ithasestablishedagoodreputationoverseas.Afterpurchasingbatteryproducts,consumerssharetheirshoppingexperienceonforumsandvideowebsites,andbecometheoverseas"spokesperson"ofLiitoka**,helpingLiitoka**bringgoodsandcarryoutbrandpromotion.(3)MrLan**couplelearnedaboutthe"requirements"ofconsumersandthechangesinforeignconsumptiontrendsintime,andgraspedthemarketdemand.Liitoka**hasalwaysadheredtothebusinessphilosophyof"productisking",puttingproductqualityanduserexperiencefirst.TheinnovationandchangeofLiitoka**fromscratchtonow,theproductsofLiitoka**aredevelopedaccordingtotheneedsofusersandindependentlydesignedandinnovated.參考答案：速賣通平臺的評價分為信用評價及賣家分項評分兩類。賣家分項評分，是指買家在訂單交易結(jié)束后以匿名的方式對賣家在交易中提供的商品描述的準確性、溝通質(zhì)量及回應(yīng)速度、物品運送時間合理性三方面服務(wù)做出的評價，是買家對賣家的單向評分。信用評價，是指交易雙方在交易結(jié)束后對對方信用狀況的評價，包括五分制評分和評論兩部分。Liitoka**電池產(chǎn)品價格具有優(yōu)勢；藍**夫婦基于消費者需求，及時推出Liitoka**電池產(chǎn)品定制化務(wù)；憑借優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品在海外建立了良好的口碑，消費者購買電池產(chǎn)品后在論壇以及視頻網(wǎng)站上分享購物體驗，成為Liitoka**的海外“代言人”，幫助Liitoka**帶貨并且進行品牌推廣。藍**夫婦及時了解到消費者的“要求”以及加之國外消費趨勢的改變，抓住了市場需求。Liitoka**始終堅持“產(chǎn)品為王”的經(jīng)營理念，將產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和用戶體驗放在首位。Liitoka**從無到有、再到現(xiàn)在的創(chuàng)新和改變，Liitoka**的產(chǎn)品根據(jù)用戶的需求而開發(fā)產(chǎn)品，自主設(shè)計創(chuàng)新。

Case2:TheCross-borderE-commerceseller"Yibao"wasblocked,andAmazonseverelypunishedthefalsecommentsNewsonJune16,202*,anothermajorAmazonseller'sstorehasbeenbanned.AftersearchingfortheT**TronicsandR**Powerbrandsunder"*bao"ontheAmazonplatformandopeningtherelevantproductlinks,itshows"PageNotfound".Industryinsidersrevealedthattheoverseasmedia"TheWallStreetJournal"recentlyreportedthatthemajorseller"*bao"guideduserstogivegoodreviewsbysending"smallcards",whichaffectedAmazon'sreputation.Inturn,Amazonimposedabanon"*bao"asapunitivemeasure.Itisreportedthat"*bao"mainlysellsproductsonlinethroughthird-partyCross-borderE-commerceplatformssuchasAmazon,Shopee,Lazada,anditsownplatform,coveringconsumerelectronicproductsofitsownbrandssuchaspowersupplies,Bluetoothaudio,smallhouseholdappliances,computerandmobilephoneperipherals,andpersonalcareandhealthproducts.Italsoownsthreemajorinternationalbrands:VA**,T**TronicsandR**Power.InDecember2018,XinghuiPrecision,listedontheChiNextA-sharemarketoftheShenzhenStockExchange,acquired"*bao"Technology(hereinafterreferredtoas"*bao").Financialreportdatashowsthatin2020,"*bao"Technologyachievedanoperatingincomeof4.774billionYuan,anincreaseof68.57%comparedwiththesameperiodofthepreviousyear,makingitaveritablemajorAmazonseller.However,afterthestorewasbanned,"*bao"srevenuein2021washalvedtoabout2.5billionYuan.Itisworthnotingthatduringthesameperiod,Amazonissuedanopenlettertitled"CreatingaTrustworthyCustomerReviewExperience".Intheopenletter,Amazonstatedthattheplatformhasinvestedsubstantialresourcestopreventfakeorincentivizedreviewsfromappearinginthemall."Regardlessofthesizeofthesebadactors'businessesorwheretheyareintheworld,wewilltakeactiontostopfakereviews.Atthesametime,Amazonemphasizedthatitwillnoteasilymakedecisionstocancelsalespermissionsandstrivestoensureahighdegreeofaccuracywhenidentifyingfakereviews."AmazonsaidthatithasfoundthatmorebadactorsaretryingtosolicitfakereviewsthroughchannelsoutsidetheAmazonsite,especiallysocialmedia.Somebadactorsdothisthroughsocialmediathemselves,whileothershirethird-partyserviceproviderstosolicitfakereviews.Moreover,badactorsconductthesetransactionsregularlythroughchannelsoutsidetheAmazonsiteandcarryoutrelatedtransactionsthroughmultipleaccountstoevadedetection.Tothisend,Amazonhasadoptedmanytechnologies,includingadvancedmachinelearningtechnology,tomonitortheconnectionsbetweendifferententitiesengagedinthesetransactions,includingcustomeraccounts,selleraccounts,productsandbrands.Atthesametime,Amazonregularlycommunicateswithsocialmediacompaniesaboutbadbehaviorsoccurringontheirplatforms.Infact,thisisnotthefirsttimeAmazonhas"takenaction"againstillegaloperationssuchas"brushorders"and"solicitingreviews"recently.Justoveramonthago,AmazonalsoimposedaccountbansonseveraltopsellersinSouthChinarepresentedby"*bao",dueto"improperuseofthereviewfunction",whichcausedamajorshockintheindustry.Source:QQ.com/rain/a/20210618A0CSO500Question:(1)Whatisorderbrushing?(2)WhatisthesearchmechanismofAmazonPlatform?(3)WhataretheimplicationsoftheblockbusterofCross-borderE-commercebyAmazon?案例2：跨境電商大賣家“某寶”被封殺，亞馬遜嚴懲虛假評論行為202*年6月16日消息，又一亞馬遜大賣家的店鋪遭到封殺。通過亞馬遜平臺檢索“某寶”旗下的T**Tronics和R**Power品牌后，打開相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品鏈接，顯示是“PageNotfound"。有業(yè)內(nèi)人士披露，海外媒體《華爾街日報》在近期報道了大賣家“某寶”通過寄送“小卡片”引導(dǎo)用戶進行好評的行為，影響了亞馬遜的商譽，進而，亞馬遜對“某寶”采取了封殺的懲罰措施。據(jù)悉，“某寶”主要通過亞馬遜、Shopee、Lazada第三方跨境電商平臺和自有平臺進行線上產(chǎn)品銷售，自有品牌的電源類、藍牙音頻類、小家電類、電腦手機周邊類、個護健康類等消費電子產(chǎn)品。旗下還擁有三大國際品牌VA**、T**Tronics和R**Power。2018年12月，在深交所創(chuàng)業(yè)板A股上市的星徽精密收購“某寶”技術(shù)（下稱“某寶”）。財報數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年“某寶”技術(shù)實現(xiàn)營業(yè)收入47.74億元，與上年同期相比增長68.57%，是名副其實的亞馬遜大賣家，而經(jīng)過了店鋪封殺后，“某寶”2021年的營收減半，僅為25億左右。值得注意的是，同期，亞馬遜發(fā)布了一封《打造值得信任的顧客評論體驗》的公開信。亞馬遜在公開信中表示，平臺投入了大量資源阻止虛假或獎勵性評論出現(xiàn)在商城中?！盁o論這些不良行為者業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模如何、或者身處世界何地，我們都將采取行動阻止虛假評論。與此同時，亞馬遜強調(diào)一點，亞馬遜不會輕易做出取消銷售權(quán)限的決定，也努力確保辨識虛假評論時的高準確度?！眮嗰R遜表示，發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的不良行為者試圖通過亞馬遜站點以外的渠道、特別是社交媒體索取虛假評論。有些不良行為者是自己通過社交媒體、有些則是雇傭第三方服務(wù)商索取虛假評論。而且，不良行為者在亞馬遜站點以外的渠道有規(guī)律地進行這些交易，并且通過多個賬戶進行關(guān)聯(lián)交易，以試圖逃避監(jiān)測。為此，亞馬遜已采用諸多技術(shù)，包括先進的機器學習技術(shù)，監(jiān)測從事這些交易的不同主體之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，包括顧客賬戶、賣家賬戶、產(chǎn)品和品牌等。同時，亞馬遜會定期與社交媒體公司溝通發(fā)生在其平臺上面的不良行為。事實上，這已不是亞馬遜近期針對“刷單”、“索評”等違規(guī)操作的首次“動手”了。就在一個多月前，亞馬遜同樣因為“不當使用評論功能”的問題，對以“某寶”為代表的數(shù)個華南頂級大賣家，采取了封號處罰，引起業(yè)內(nèi)的大地震。資料來源：騰訊網(wǎng)/rain/a/20210618A0CSO500問題：（1）什么是刷單？（2）亞馬平臺遜站點的搜索機制是怎么樣的？（3）跨境電商大賣家遭亞馬遜封殺有什么啟示？ReferenceAnswers：(1)Therearethreetypesofbrushing,oneistoleavenocommentsafterpurchase,theotheristoleaveonlystorecommentsafterpurchase(suchBrushingispopular),andthethirdistoleavefive-star/four-starproductcommentsafterpurchase.Thefirsttwousuallydonotaffectthesecurityofproductlinks,butoncethethirdoneisfoundbyAmazon,theproductlinksandevenstoreswillbeblocked.Inadditiontobrushingtheorder,themanipulationreviewalsoincludesmanyoperations,suchaschangingthefavorablecommentswithcompensationandfive-starcashback,whichareillegalinAmazon.(2)Thesearchpositionofthenewproductinthefirstmonthonthemarketishigher,andthetrafficthatmaybeobtainedatthistimeisthelargest.Ifwecanmaintainthesearchsearchpositionsteadilyinthismonth,thenwecankeeptheproductsatthetopofthesearchpageevenafterthenewproductperiod,otherwisetherankingdeclinewilllosealotoftrafficandthesalesvolumewilldroprapidly.Therefore,somecross-bordersellerswillchoosetomakealargenumberofordersinthenewproductperiodtoensurethattheycanobtainthemaximumflowandthemaximumsalesattheminimumcostafterthenewproductperiod.(3)ManyCross-borderE-commercebigsellersareusedtodirectlycopythepastbyusingdomestice-commerceoperationmethods,suchasbrushingorders,buyingfavorablecomments,carryingcardswithgoods,andgettingrewardsforfavorablecommentsonproducts.ThesearecommonpracticesinChina.Infact,attitudesarecompletelydifferentindifferentregionsandcultures.Cross-borderE-commercesellersneedtoreadtheplatformrules,improvethelevelofriskcontrol,strengthenthedockingwithinternationaleconomicandtraderulesandstandards,andtakereasonablemeasurestoprotecttheirlegitimaterightsandinterestsincaseofproblems.參考答案：刷單分三種，一是購入后不留評，二是購入后僅留店鋪評價（此類刷單風大），三是購入后留五星/四星產(chǎn)品評論。前兩者通常不影響產(chǎn)品鏈接的安全，但第三種一旦被亞馬遜查出，產(chǎn)品鏈接乃至店鋪就都會有被封禁的風險。除了刷單外，操控評論還包括有償改好評、五星返現(xiàn)等多種操作，這些在亞馬遜都算違規(guī)。新品上架的第一個月搜索位置靠前，此時可能獲取的流量是最大的。如果能在這一個月穩(wěn)定保持搜的索位，那么之后新品期就算過了也可以保持商品能出現(xiàn)在搜索頁前列，否則排位下滑就會損失大量流量、銷量急速下滑。于是，有些跨境賣家會選擇在新品期大量刷單，以保證新品期過去后也能獲取最大限度流量、最少成本獲取最大銷量。很多跨境電商大賣家習慣用國內(nèi)電商運營的方法直接復(fù)制過去，例如刷單、買好評、貨物夾帶卡片，給產(chǎn)品好評能獲得獎勵，這些在國內(nèi)比較常見的做法，其實在不同地區(qū)、不同文化里面，對待的態(tài)度是完全不一樣的。跨境電商賣家需要熟讀平臺規(guī)則，提升風險控制水平，加強與國際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則和標準對接，遇到問題采取合理措施，保護自身合法權(quán)益。

Case3：PinDuoDuo(Temu)israginginNorthAmerica,itturnsoutthatforeigncustomersalsoloveto"chop"SinceitsofficiallaunchonSeptember23th2022,thenumberofdownloadsofTemu,theCross-borderE-commerceplatformofPinduoduo,hasrisenrapidly.ItevensurpassedSheinandAmazononMondayintheUnitedStatestime,andbrieflytoppedthelistofshoppingcategoriesinAppleAppStore.Thenumberofdownloadsisthetopfive,onlysecondtoafewdatingsoftwareandsoftwarenecessaryforlifeinNorthAmericasuchasGoogleandTikTok.OnGooglePlay,Temualsodominatedthelistforatime,withnodifferenceinpopularity.ThepopularinTemuwasnotunexpected.AdvertisingonmajormainstreamsocialplatformsinNorthAmericaandinvitingKOLonlinecelebrityopen-boxevaluationcanquicklystandoutinNorthAmerica,whichcannotbeseparatedfromPinduoduo'scrazyspendingonmarketing.Accordingtolatepost,about14billionYuanhadbeenspentonmarketingwhenTemuwentonlinetwomonthsago.ThehighinvestmenthasindeedbroughtcustomerstoTemu.AccordingtoSimilarwebdata,socialmediatrafficaccountsfor21.5%ofTemu'strafficsources,andFacebookandYouTubearethemostimportant.ThehighinvestmenthasindeedbroughtcustomerstoTemu.AccordingtoSimilarwebdata,socialmediatrafficaccountsfor21.5%ofTemu'strafficsources,andFacebookandYouTubearethemostimportant.SometraditionalplayingmethodsofPinduoduowerealsomovedtoTemu.Recently,Temulaunchedthetraditional"chop"functionofPinduoduo,andeach"chop"usercangeta20%discountshoppingvoucherontheplatform.Undertheattackofsuchaseriesof"collectingwool"activities,numerousoverseasusersspontaneouslyjoinedthearmyofpromotingTemu.Asmorecustomersareattractedbyactivitiessuchas"cuttingaknife",Temucanaccumulatemoredataresources,anditsalgorithmrecommendationmodelforNorthAmericanusergroupscanalsobemoreaccurate.Forthesmallnumberofsportsproductswithobviousadvantagesindomesticmanufacturingandthetargetcustomerbaseismainlyhigh-incomeusers,thepriceofsimilarproductsofTemuis1/5ofthatofAmazon.Thankstothelow-pricestrategyandwoolcollectingactivities,Temuattractsnumerousfansandhasunlimitedscenery.Temu'sseriesofsubsidiesandhagglingactivitiesareverysimilartoPinduoduoandarethecommonmethodsofmajore-commerceplatforms.Intheearlystageofplatformoperation,ifyouwanttoattractnewcustomerstoplaceorders,youmustfirstgivethemadiscountthatisattractiveenoughtomakethemhavea"cheap"consumptionexperienceandcultivateshoppingstickiness.Temuisnotmuchliketraditionale-commerce,buta"superlargeindependentstation".Theselleronlyneedstosupplytheplatform,andtherestofthetransactionprocess,logisticsperformance,etc.arelefttoTemu.Thewelfarepolicyof"freeofcommission,freight,storageandadvertising"hasreallyattractedmanysellers.Somepeoplebelievethat"itisnoteasyforsmallandmedium-sizedsellerstoearnmoneyfromTemu.Atpresent,themostcommonsituationisthatsomesuppliersandmanufacturerscanearnsomedifferencebetweenwholesaleandretailprices."Temuadoptsthe"junglerule"sellerquotationmodel.AccordingtothecategoryofproductsrecruitedbyTemu,thesellersubmitsrelevantproductsandprices,andTemuselectsthelowestpriceproductsfromthem.Oncethereisalowerquotation,Temuwilldumpthesupplierithaspreviouslyselected.TowinTemu'sdividendinNorthAmerica,manysellershavebeeninvolvedinthecycleofpricewar.Source:S/articles/view/6192937794/17120bb4202001zc8xQuestion：(1)HowdoesTemu,theCross-borderE-commerceplatformofPinduoduo,operate?(2)What