信息技術試題及答案英語信息技術英語試題一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共30分）1.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofcomputermemorythatisvolatile?A.ROMB.RAMC.HarddiskD.CDROM2.Theprocessofconvertingdataintoasecretcodeforsecuretransmissioniscalled______.A.DecryptionB.EncryptionC.CompressionD.Decompression3.Whatdoestheabbreviation“URL”standfor?A.UniversalResourceLocatorB.UniformResourceLocatorC.UnitedResourceLocatorD.UniqueResourceLocator4.Whichofthefollowingisanoperatingsystem?A.MicrosoftWordB.AdobePhotoshopC.LinuxD.GoogleChrome5.Adevicethatisusedtoconnectmultiplecomputerstogetherinanetworkiscalleda______.A.ModemB.RouterC.PrinterD.Scanner6.Thesmallestunitofdatainacomputerisa______.A.ByteB.BitC.KilobyteD.Megabyte7.Whatisthefunctionofafirewallinanetwork?A.ToincreasenetworkspeedB.ToprotectthenetworkfromunauthorizedaccessC.TostoredataD.Toprintdocuments8.Whichprogramminglanguageisoftenusedforwebdevelopment?A.JavaB.PythonC.HTMLD.C++9.Thesoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresourcesiscalledthe______.A.ApplicationsoftwareB.UtilitysoftwareC.OperatingsystemD.Programminglanguage10.Whatdoestheacronym“USB”standfor?A.UniversalSerialBusB.UnitedSerialBusC.UniqueSerialBusD.UniversalSystemBus11.Acollectionofrelateddatastoredinastructuredwayiscalleda______.A.FileB.DatabaseC.FolderD.Program12.Whichofthefollowingisacloudcomputingservicemodel?A.IaaSB.LANC.WAND.VPN13.Theprocessoffindingandfixingerrorsinaprogramiscalled______.A.DebuggingB.CompilingC.InterpretingD.Coding14.Whatisthepurposeofasearchengine?A.TocreatewebpagesB.TosearchforinformationontheInternetC.TosendemailsD.Toplaygames15.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofinputdevice?A.MonitorB.SpeakerC.KeyboardD.Printer二、填空題（每題2分，共20分）1.Thefullformof“CPU”is____________.2.____________isawirelesstechnologyusedforshortrangecommunicationbetweendevices.3.A____________isaprogramthatreplicatesitselfandspreadsfromonecomputertoanother.4.The____________isthemaincircuitboardofacomputerthatconnectsallthecomponents.5.____________isamarkuplanguageusedtocreatewebpages.6.____________isatypeofsoftwarethatisdesignedtoperformaspecifictask,suchaswordprocessingorphotoediting.7.The____________isthepartofthecomputerthatperformsarithmeticandlogicaloperations.8.____________isatechnologythatallowsmultipleuserstoaccessanduseasharedcomputersystem.9.A____________isastoragedevicethatusesmagneticdiskstostoredata.10.____________istheprocessofconvertingahighlevelprogramminglanguageintomachinelanguage.三、TrueorFalse（每題2分，共20分）1.RAMretainsitsdataevenwhenthecomputeristurnedoff.()2.Aviruscanonlyspreadthroughemailattachments.()3.HTMLisaprogramminglanguage.()4.AroutercanbeusedtoconnectalocalnetworktotheInternet.()5.CloudcomputingallowsuserstoaccesssoftwareanddataovertheInternetinsteadofstoringthemonlocalharddrives.()6.Afirewallcanpreventalltypesofnetworkattacks.()7.Allinputdevicesareusedtodisplayinformation.()8.Adatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS)isusedtocreate,manage,andquerydatabases.()9.Debuggingistheprocessofwritinganewprogram.()10.USBflashdrivesarenonvolatilestoragedevices.()四、Shortanswerquestions（每題10分，共30分）1.ExplainthedifferencebetweenaLANandaWAN.2.Whataretheadvantagesofcloudcomputing?3.Describethestepsinvolvedinthesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle.答案一、單項選擇題1.B.RAMisvolatilememory,whichmeansitlosesitsdatawhenthepoweristurnedoff.ROM,harddisk,andCDROMarenonvolatile.2.B.Encryptionistheprocessofconvertingdataintoasecretcodeforsecuretransmission,whiledecryptionisthereverseprocess.3.B.URLstandsforUniformResourceLocator.4.C.Linuxisanoperatingsystem.MicrosoftWordandAdobePhotoshopareapplicationsoftware,andGoogleChromeisawebbrowser.5.B.ArouterisusedtoconnectmultiplecomputerstogetherinanetworkandcanalsoconnectalocalnetworktotheInternet.6.B.Thesmallestunitofdatainacomputerisabit.Abyteismadeupof8bits.7.B.Themainfunctionofafirewallistoprotectthenetworkfromunauthorizedaccess.8.C.HTMLisoftenusedforwebdevelopment.Java,Python,andC++aregeneralpurposeprogramminglanguages.9.C.Theoperatingsystemmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources.10.A.USBstandsforUniversalSerialBus.11.B.Adatabaseisacollectionofrelateddatastoredinastructuredway.12.A.IaaS(InfrastructureasaService)isacloudcomputingservicemodel.LAN,WAN,andVPNarerelatedtonetworktypes.13.A.Debuggingistheprocessoffindingandfixingerrorsinaprogram.14.B.ThepurposeofasearchengineistosearchforinformationontheInternet.15.C.Akeyboardisaninputdevice.Amonitorandspeakerareoutputdevices,andaprinterisanoutputdevice.二、填空題1.CentralProcessingUnit2.Bluetooth3.Virus4.Motherboard5.HTML6.Applicationsoftware7.CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)8.Timesharing9.Harddiskdrive10.Compilation三、TrueorFalse1.False.RAMisvolatileandlosesitsdatawhenthecomputeristurnedoff.2.False.Aviruscanspreadthroughvariousmeans,notjustemailattachments,suchasremovablestoragedevicesandinfectedwebsites.3.False.HTMLisamarkuplanguage,notaprogramminglanguage.4.True.AroutercanconnectalocalnetworktotheInternet.5.True.CloudcomputingallowsuserstoaccesssoftwareanddataovertheInternet.6.False.Afirewallcannotpreventalltypesofnetworkattacks.7.False.Inputdevicesareusedtoenterdataintothecomputer,notdisplayinformation.8.True.Adatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS)isusedtocreate,manage,andquerydatabases.9.False.Debuggingistheprocessoffindingandfixingerrorsinaprogram,notwritinganewone.10.True.USBflashdrivesarenonvolatilestoragedevices.四、Shortanswerquestions1.LAN(LocalAreaNetwork):GeographicalScope:Itcoversarelativelysmallgeographicalarea,suchasahome,officebuilding,oraschoolcampus.Speed:Generallyhashighspeeddatatransferratesbecausethedevicesareincloseproximity.Ownership:Usuallyprivatelyownedandmanagedbyanindividualoranorganization.Connection:DevicesareconnectedusingEthernetcables,WiFi,orotherlocalnetworkingtechnologies.WAN(WideAreaNetwork):GeographicalScope:Coversalargegeographicalarea,whichcanspancities,countries,orevencontinents.Speed:DatatransferspeedscanvarywidelyandareoftenslowercomparedtoLANsduetothelongdistanceconnections.Ownership:Mayinvolvemultipleserviceprovidersandisoftenasharedinfrastructure.Connection:Itusestechnologieslikeleasedlines,satellitelinks,andfiberopticcablestoconnectdifferentlocations.2.Costeffectiveness:Thereisnoneedtoinvestinexpensivehardwareandsoftwareinfrastructure.Userscanpayfortheservicestheyactuallyuseonasubscriptionbasis,whichreducesupfrontcostsandmaintenanceexpenses.Scalability:Itiseasytoscaleupordowntheresourcesaccordingtothebusinessneeds.Forexample,acompanycanquicklyincreasestoragespaceorcomputingpowerduringpeakseasonsandreducethemduringoffpeaktimes.Accessibility:UserscanaccesstheirdataandapplicationsfromanywherewithanInternetconnection,whichenablesremoteworkandcollaboration.DataBackupandRecovery:Cloudserviceprovidersusuallyhaverobustbackupandrecoverymechanismsinplace,whichhelpsprotectdatafromlossduetohardwarefailures,naturaldisasters,orotherdisasters.SoftwareUpdates:Cloudbasedsoftwareisoftenupdatedautomaticallybytheserviceprovider,ensuringthatusersalwayshaveaccesstothelatestfeaturesandsecuritypatches.3.RequirementGathering:Thisistheinitialstagewherethesoftwaredevelopmentteaminteractswiththestakeholders(suchasclients,endusers)tounderstandtheirneeds,requirements,andexpectationsforthesoftware.Analysis:Thegatheredrequirementsareanalyzedindetail.Theteamidentifiesthesystem'sfunctions,constraints,andpossiblesolutions.Thismayinvolvecreatingusecases,dataflowdiagrams,andotheranalysismodels.Design:Basedon