（新高考）2022屆高考考前沖刺卷英語（十）注意事項：1．答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2．選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3．非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AToimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgram(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogramallowinghighschoolfreshmanfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfree—theonlyexpenseisthetransportationtoandfromMIT.ClarkScholarProgram(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmanandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected-participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospect.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnicaldegrees.2.WhichprogramissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP. B.MITES. C.CSP. D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprograms?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.【答案】1-3BCC【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個幫助學(xué)生為大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備的暑期項目。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.(這個為期一周的項目針對所有美國高中生，可以幫助他們發(fā)展未來工程工作所需的技能，同時了解獲得高級技術(shù)學(xué)位的價值和回報)”可知，MITES有望為職業(yè)前景打下基礎(chǔ)。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.(來自世界各地的高中生有機會獲得數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的實際研究經(jīng)驗，同時與教師進(jìn)行四個星期緊張的一對一工作)”可知，CSP課程適合最多有5周的課余時間的英國高中生。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Toimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.(為了提高高中生進(jìn)入頂尖大學(xué)的機會，暑期項目讓年輕的學(xué)生可以探索感興趣的領(lǐng)域，并體驗大學(xué)生活)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四個幫助學(xué)生為大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備的暑期項目。可推知，這些項目的共同目標(biāo)是讓參與者為上大學(xué)做更好的準(zhǔn)備。故選C。BSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.4.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.5.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.6.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable B.Tolerant C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?【答案】4-7CBCA【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是幾位科學(xué)家對控制氣候變化的論述。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.(當(dāng)他回來檢查結(jié)果時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)它起作用了。裸露的冰比覆蓋的冰融化得更快。他不僅在短時間內(nèi)拯救了兩英尺的冰川。沒有關(guān)閉燃煤電廠，沒有失業(yè)，沒有人被征稅或解雇。)”可知，作者在第一段提到JasonBox的實驗?zāi)康氖菆蟮酪豁椪缺ǖ某晒嶒?。故選C。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的““Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.(他們花了5萬美元買了一架“把塑料運到冰川”的直升機。這個實驗給了人們錯誤的希望，認(rèn)為氣候變化可以在不改變?nèi)祟愋袨榈那闆r下得到解決。它不能?？萍疾粫屛覀兇畋丬嚒?”可知，拉爾夫·金最可能同意技術(shù)并不是最終的解決方案，更不用說其高昂的成本了。故選B。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill(按照我們自己的意愿阻止結(jié)冰，聽起來有些不對勁。)”可知GreyChilds對人類控制氣候的態(tài)度是懷疑的，故選C。7.主旨大意題。第一段的“Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.(幾年前，來自俄亥俄州的科學(xué)家賈森·博克斯(JasonBox)將31卷巨大的白色塑料飛到了格陵蘭島的一座冰川上。他和他的團隊把它們鋪在一萬英尺的冰面上，然后離開。)”引出控制氣候變化的極端例子，之后列舉不同的科學(xué)家對于控制氣候的觀點，最后一段“Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.(我嗎？我更喜歡地球自己照顧自己的時候，我想有一天我們將不得不管理這個地方，但此刻，坐在我的辦公桌前，看著樹木瘋狂地彎曲，風(fēng)咆哮著，我很高興自己不再是負(fù)責(zé)人。)”作者提出更喜歡地球自己照料自己，也即反對人類控制氣候，因此本文主要講的是人類是否應(yīng)該控制氣候，因此A選項“Butshouldwefixtheclimate?(但是我們應(yīng)該解決氣候問題嗎？)”可概括本文主要內(nèi)容，可作為最好的題目，故選A。CFritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鱗莖)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.ButsomeFritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind,withleavesandstemsthatarebarelydistinguishablefromthegrayorbrownrockybackground.Surprisingly,theplants’camouflage(偽裝)seemstohaveevolvedinresponsetopeople.Inwideopenareaswithlittlecover,likemountaintops,blendingincanhelptheplantsavoidhungryherbivores,saysYangNiu,abotanistattheKunmingInstituteofBotanyinChina.ButafterfiveyearsofstudyingcamouflageinFritillaria,hedidnotspotanyanimalsfeedingontheplants.SoNiu,hiscolleagueHangSunandsensoryecologistMartinStevensoftheUniversityofExeterinEnglanddecidedtoseeifhumansmightbedrivingtheevolutionoftheplants’camouflage.Duringtheirresearch,localherbalistsnotedthetotalweightofthebulbsharvestedeachyearfrom2014to2019atsevenstudysites.Theserecordsindicatedcontemporaryharvestingpressureontheplants.Inthemeantime,theresearchersassessedtheeaseofharvestingbyrecordinghowlongittooktodigupbulbsatsixofthosesites.Onsomeslopes,bulbsareeasilydugup,butinotherstheycanbeburiedunderrocks.Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.However,camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉傳播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.Still,theseFritillariashowhowadaptabletheplantscanbe.Theplantscanbetterchangetheirappearancethanwemighthaveexpected.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThelivingenvironmentofFritillaria.B.TheappearanceofFritillaria.C.ThereasonsforpickingFritillaria.D.ThehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.9.Whatdotheresearchersfindduringtheirresearch?A.Fritillariausuallyexistunderrocks.B.AnimalsdriveFritillariatohidethemselvesbetter.C.FrequenthumanactivitiesmakeiteasiertospotFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagethemselvesbetterwhereharvestedmoreoften.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allplantsarepooratcamouflaging.B.Fritillariaareconstantlychanginghowtheylook.C.Camouflagecanbringsomeside-effectstoFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagedtobegraywhichcanpromotegrowth.11.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThedemandfortheFritillariaisintense.B.Fritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind.C.CamouflagecanpresentsomechallengestotheFritillaria.D.HumanactivitiesdrivetheevolutionoftheFritillaria’scamouflage.【答案】8-11CDCD【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了Fritillaria此類植物的相關(guān)信息和特點，以及研究者通過實驗研究了解了人類活動對Fritillaria偽裝的影響，以及偽裝對Fritillaria自身的影響。8.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Fritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鱗莖)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.(貝母屬植物很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。通常明亮的綠色植物常常獨自佇立在中國西南地區(qū)喜馬拉雅和橫斷山脈的巖石頂端——中草藥師很容易找到，2000年前貝母的鱗莖粉是治療咳嗽的藥粉。對這種鱗莖的需求非常大，因為生產(chǎn)一公斤這種粉末需要大約3500個鱗莖，價值約480美元)”可知，第一自然段主要陳述了自古以來人們采摘Fritillariaplants是為了藥用，以及其帶來的經(jīng)濟利潤價值，所以這一段的主旨大意是講述人們采摘Fritillariaplants的原因。故選C項。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(兩項措施都揭示了一個驚人的模式：人們對Fritillaria收獲采摘的頻次越高，F(xiàn)ritillaria越能更好的調(diào)節(jié)自身顏色以更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行自我偽裝)”可推知，貝母在收獲較多的地方能更好地偽裝自己。故選D項。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一個自然段“camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉傳播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.(偽裝可能會帶來一些挑戰(zhàn)。花粉傳播者可能更難找到偽裝的植物，灰色和棕色的顏色可能損害光合作用)”可知，植物的自我偽裝，可能會影響植物的光合作用，不利于自身生長。由此可知，偽裝可能會帶給Fritillaria一些負(fù)面的作用和影響。故選C項。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(兩項措施都揭示了一個驚人的模式：人們對Fritillaria收獲采摘的頻次越高，F(xiàn)ritillaria越能更好的調(diào)節(jié)自身顏色以更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行自我偽裝)”和整篇文章可知，文章主要通過介紹研究者對Fritillaria偽裝的實驗研究，得出了人類的采摘活動會驅(qū)使Fritillaria為了更好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境，進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步地偽裝。由此可知，本篇文章的主旨大意為貝母的偽裝進(jìn)化是人類活動的結(jié)果。故選D項。DIn1977,scientistsexploringtheGalapagosRiftintheeasternPacificnoticedaseriesofsharptemperatureincreasesintheirdata.Theywonderedhowdeep-oceantemperaturescouldchangesogreatly---fromnearfreezingto400°C(750°F)insuchashortdistance.Thescientistshadmadeaninterestingdiscovery—deep-seahydrothermalvents(熱液噴口).Theyalsorealizedthatanentirelyuniqueecosystem,includinghundredsofnewspecies,existedaroundthevents.Despitetheextremetemperaturesandpressures,toxicminerals(有毒礦物質(zhì)),andlackofsunlightthatcharacterizedthedeep-seaventecosystem,thespecieslivingthereweredoingwell.Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms.Seawatermovesdeepintheocean’scrust(地殼)andbecomessuper-heatedbymagma(巖漿).Aspressurebuildsandtheseawaterwarms,mineralsbecomepartoftheliquid,whichrisestowardthesurfaceofthecrust.Thehot,mineral-richwatersthenleavetheoceaniccrustandmixwiththecoolseawaterabove.Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures.Hydrothermalventstructuresarecharacterizedbydifferentphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingtheminerals,temperatures,andflowlevelsoftheirplumes(煙).Blacksmokersproducethehottest,darkestplumes,whicharehighinsulfur(S)contentandformchimneysupto18storiestall,or55meters(180feet).Theplumesofwhitesmokersarelightlycoloredandrichinbarium(Ba),calcium(Ca),andsilicon(Si).Comparedtoblacksmokers,whitesmokersusuallyproducecoolerplumesandformsmallerchimneys.Ventswithevencooler,weakerflowsareoftencalledseeps,whichappeartosendoutsomelight.Thestudyofhydrothermalventecosystemscontinuestochangeourunderstandingoftherequirementsforlife.Theabilityofventorganismstosurviveandthriveatsuchextremepressuresandtemperaturesandinthepresenceoftoxicmineralplumesisinteresting.Theconversionofmineral-richhydrothermalfluidintoenergyisakeyaspectoftheseuniqueecosystems.Throughtheprocessofchemosynthesis,bacteriaprovideenergyandnutrientstoventspecieswithouttheneedforsunlight.12.Whatsurprisedthescientistswhentheyexaminedtheirdata?A.Thegreatpressuresunderthedeepocean.B.TheunexpecteddepthoftheGalapagosRift.C.Thesuddenrisesindeep-oceantemperatures.D.Thehugesizesofdeep-seahydrothermalvents.13.Whatdidscientistsfindaboutventcreatures?A.Theirfoodscomefromtoxicventminerals.B.Theirabilitytoproducelightisamazing.C.Theyliveundertheoceaniccrust.D.Theyusuallyhavedarkcolors.14.Whatdoesparagraphmainlyexplaintous?A.Howcreaturesliveinextremeconditions.B.Howseawatermovesintheocean’scrust.C.Howmineralsbecomepartofmagma.D.Howhydrothermalventsareformed.15.Whichbestshowstheflowlevelsofdifferentplumes?A.Seeps’>blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’.B.Seeps’＞whitesmokers’＞blacksmokers’.C.Blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’>seeps’.D.Blacksmokers’>seeps’>whitesmokers’.【答案】12-15CADC【解析】本文是說明文。海底深處存在熱液噴口，有很多物種在那里生活。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段前兩句可知，科學(xué)家們從他們得到的數(shù)據(jù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)深海溫度急劇上升，這令他們感到驚訝。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms”可知，熱液噴口生物的食物來自有毒的噴口礦物質(zhì)。14.段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容特別是“Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures”可知，本段主要介紹了熱液噴口的形成過程。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，C項正確描述了這三種不同的熱液噴口的液體流動強度。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。The24solartermswerecreatedthousandsofyearsagoinChinatoguideagriculturalproduction.TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.___16___RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,livelyspring-likescenerystartsblossoming:theriverwaterdefreezes.wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorthandtreesandgrasstumgreenagain.___17___InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.___18___DuringRainWaterperiod,extracareisneededtodealwithareturningcoldspellandhumidity,whichistheamountofwaterintheair.___19___Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.ThewetandhumidweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople’sspleenandstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.___20___PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.Honey,datesandChineseyamarealsoverygoodnourishment(營養(yǎng))toputintheporridge.A.WithRainWatercoming,insectsbecomemoreactive.B.Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.C.Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.D.AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.E.ThetemperatureinmostofthebasinareasincreasesquicklyduringRainWaterF.Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.G.Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.【答案】16-20FDCGB【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了24節(jié)氣之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。16.根據(jù)上文“TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.（它們還反映了中國豐富的歷史，通過季節(jié)性的節(jié)日，特殊的食物，文化儀式，家庭聚會，甚至健康的生活技巧，與每個節(jié)氣相對應(yīng)）”以及第二段第一句“RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.（雨水預(yù)示著降雨量的增加和氣溫的上升）”F項：“Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.（二十四節(jié)氣之一，在春天非常重要，被稱為雨水）”承接上句，并且引出后文要介紹的二十四節(jié)氣之一的雨水，承上啟下。故選F。17.根據(jù)后句“InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.（在中國北方，春旱很常見，這個季節(jié)的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍貴。D項：“AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.（中國有句古話，春雨貴如油）”符合語境。故選D。18.根據(jù)上句“Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.（每年的這個時候，農(nóng)民們開始犁地。天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖時，正是準(zhǔn)備春播的好時機）”可知，C項：“Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.（因此，雨水被認(rèn)為是灌溉農(nóng)田的關(guān)鍵時期）”和上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說明雨水是人們準(zhǔn)備春播灌溉農(nóng)田的關(guān)鍵時期。故選C。19.根據(jù)后句“Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.（強烈建議不要過早脫下厚外套，注意保暖，特別是老人和兒童）”可知，G項：“Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.（降雨導(dǎo)致空氣濕度迅速增加，導(dǎo)致氣溫下降，天氣潮濕）”是建議人們不要過早脫下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故選G。20.根據(jù)后句“PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.（北京人經(jīng)常吃一種中草藥煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮濕的天氣）”可知，B項：“Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.（一碗營養(yǎng)粥是滋養(yǎng)身體的最佳選擇）”后句承接B項具體說明北京人經(jīng)常吃的一種中草藥煮的粥來抵御寒冷和潮濕的天氣，話題一致。故選B。第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.The___21___beganinSeptemberlastyear.MirzanaCoralicrequestedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodto___22___hersix-year-oldson,Zejd,whohasa___23___disability.Theteacher,SanelaLjumanovic,acceptedalmost___24___,butonthefirstdayofschool,shenoticedZejdsittingallbyhimself,unableto___25___withanyone.Sanela,determinedtofinda(n)___26___,trieddevelopingafewtricksandsigns.Butaparentofanotherchild___27___abetteridea—gettingthewholeclassto___28___signlanguagealongwithZejd.Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmatesabout___29___thingslikehomeworkandgames.Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.“I___30___tolearnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople,”saidoneofhisclassmates.Now,signlanguageisgettingquite___31___attheprimaryschool,withkidsfromotherclasses___32___tolearnaswell.Itishopedthatitcanbe___33___asapartoftheofficialcourse.“Signlanguageisgreatbecauseit___34___communicationandalsohelpschildrenbecomemore___35___topeoplewithdisabilities,”saidSanela.21.A.report B.message C.article D.story22.A．a(chǎn)dmit B.adopt C.invite D.defend23.A．learning B.speech C.hearing D.sight24.A．conditionally B.passively C.personally D.immediately25.A．cooperate B.interact C.compete D.stay26.A．solution B.explanation C.theory D.alternative27.A．selected B.imagined C.presented D.favored28.A．enjoy B.create C.design D.learn29.A．regular B.formal C.complex D.professional30.A．a(chǎn)fford B.like C.prepare D.wait31.A．popular B.confusing C.challenging D.practical32.A．failing B.hesitating C.trying D.helping33.A．described B.known C.defined D.included34.A．enables B.shows C.stresses D.represents35.A．polite B.sensitive C.adaptable D.thankful【答案】21-25DACDB26-30ACDAB31-35ACDDC【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Sarajevo學(xué)校一個班級的學(xué)生為了更好地與聾啞學(xué)生Zejd溝通，全部學(xué)會了手語的故事。21.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：故事始于去年9月。A.report報告；B.message信息；C.article文章；D.story故事。由文章第一句“AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.”和后文描述可知，本文講述了Sarajevo一家學(xué)校的故事。故選D。22.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：MirzanaCoralic請求她所在社區(qū)的小學(xué)接收她六歲有聽力障礙的兒子Zejd。A.admit接收；B.adopt采納；C.invite邀請；D.defend保衛(wèi)。根據(jù)后文描寫可知，因為Zejd有聽力障礙，所以MirzanaCoralic請求她所在社區(qū)的小學(xué)接收她的兒子。故選A。23.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.speech發(fā)言；C.hearing聽力；D.sight視力。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)earnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople”可知，Zejd有聽力障礙。故選C。24.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位名叫SanelaLjumanovic的老師幾乎馬上就接受了他的申請，但在開學(xué)的第一天，她注意到Zejd一個人坐著，無法與任何人交流。A.conditionally有條件地；B.passively被動地；C.personally個人地；D.immediately立刻地。由后文“onthefirstdayofschool”可知，Zejd很快就被學(xué)校接受了。故選D。25.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.cooperate合作；B.interact交流、互動；C.compete競爭，比賽；D.stay停留。根據(jù)后文“Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewith…”可知，Zejd無法和別人交流。故選B。26.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sanela決心找到一個解決辦法，他嘗試了一些技巧和手勢。A.solution解決辦法；B.explanation解釋；C.theory理論；D.alternative可供選擇的事情。根據(jù)前文描述可知，因為Sanela發(fā)現(xiàn)Zejd不能和別人交流，Sanela決心找一個解決辦法。故選A。27.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是另一個孩子的父母有一個更好的主意——讓整個班級和Zejd一起學(xué)習(xí)手語。A.selected選擇；B.imagined想象；C.presented提出；D.favored支持。由空后“abetteridea”可知，另一個孩子家長提出一個更好的主意幫助Zejd。故選C。28.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.enjoy喜歡；B.create創(chuàng)造；C.design設(shè)計；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后“Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmates”可知，家長提議讓全班人一起學(xué)手語。故選D。29.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們請了一位手語老師，三個月后，Zejd就可以愉快地和他的同學(xué)交流日?，嵤?，比如家庭作業(yè)和游戲。A.regular平常的，常規(guī)的；B.formal正式的；C.complex復(fù)雜的；D.professional職業(yè)的。由后文“l(fā)ikehomeworkandgames.”可知，家庭作業(yè)和游戲是日常很常規(guī)的事情。故選A。30.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我喜歡學(xué)習(xí)Zejd的語言，這樣我就可以和他和其他聾人交談，”他的一個同學(xué)說。A.afford承擔(dān)得起；B.like喜歡；C.prepare準(zhǔn)備；D.wait等待。根據(jù)前文“Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.”可知，孩子們對學(xué)習(xí)手語很開心，所以一個孩子表示喜歡學(xué)習(xí)Zejd的手語。故選B。31.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，手語在小學(xué)里越來越受歡迎，其他班級的孩子也在學(xué)習(xí)手語。A.popular受歡迎的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)的；D.practical實際的。由后文“withkidsfromotherclasses…tolearnaswell.”可知，因為其他班的孩子也學(xué)習(xí)手語，由此可知，手語在小學(xué)里越來越受歡迎。故選A。32.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.failing失??；B.hesitating猶豫；C.trying嘗試；D.helping幫助。因為手語在小學(xué)受歡迎，所以越來越多人開始嘗試學(xué)習(xí)手語。故選C。33.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們希望它能作為正式課程的一部分。A.described描述；B.known知道；C.defined下定義；D.included把……列入一部分。由前文描述可知，因為手語在小學(xué)越來越受歡迎，所以人們喜歡能把手語作為正式課程的一部分。故選D。34.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Sanela說：“手語很棒，因為意味著溝通，也幫助孩子們更適應(yīng)殘疾人。”A.enables使能夠；B.shows展示；C.stresses強調(diào)；D.represents相當(dāng)于。由嘗試可知，手語意味著溝通。故選D。35.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.polite禮貌的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.adaptable可適應(yīng)的；D.thankful感謝的。根據(jù)常識可知，學(xué)會手語能幫助孩子們更好地適應(yīng)殘疾人。故選C。第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）第二部分英語知識運用第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen___36___sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat___37___(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat___38___(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe___39___(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays___40___andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They___41___(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates___42___(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime,”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion___43___itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,”shesaidinherreport.“One’sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely___44___(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic,”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You___45___(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”【答案】36.a37.silence38.their39.grown-ups40.with41.found42.clearly43.that44.tobedisturbed45.arerecalling【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學(xué)習(xí)時聽音樂或做其它事情是否會影響學(xué)習(xí)效果或降低學(xué)習(xí)效率。研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)下注意力是非常集中的，一旦有外界聲音或因素干擾，是會大大影響學(xué)習(xí)的。36.考查冠詞。句意：長期以來，音樂和學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合一直是成人和兒童之間分歧的根源。根據(jù)句意表達(dá)，此處Asourceof是……一個根源，符合題意。故填a。37.考查名詞。句意：家長和老師都認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)時保持沉默很重要，而年輕人則堅持認(rèn)為他們最喜歡的聲音有助于他們集中注意力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，此處silent的適當(dāng)形式在從句作主語，具有名詞性，用silence（沉默），符合題意。故填silence。38.考查代詞。句意：家長和老師都認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)時保持沉默很重要，而年輕人則堅持認(rèn)為他們最喜歡的聲音有助于他們集中注意力。此處修飾后面名詞sounds，作前置定語，their他們的，符合題意。故填their。39.考查名詞。句意：現(xiàn)在一項研究表明，成年人一直都是對的。結(jié)合后面動詞have，可知此處名詞作主語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，grown-ups成年人，符合題意。故填grown-ups。40.考查介詞。句意：佛羅里達(dá)州的心理學(xué)家測試了學(xué)生在有音樂背景和沒有音樂背景下寫文章的速度。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知和后面介詞