2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解沖刺押題高頻詞匯與長難句分析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀理解部分閱讀下列文章，回答問題。Text1Theriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenwidelycelebratedasasymbolofmodernflexibilityandentrepreneurialopportunity.Fueledbydigitalplatforms,itallowsindividualstoengageinshort-termcontractsorfreelancework,oftenontheirownterms.Fromride-sharingdriverstofreelancewriters,thegigeconomypromisesaliberationfromtraditionalemploymentstructures,offeringpotentialforincomegenerationwithouttheconstraintsofafixedscheduleorlong-termcommitment.Proponentsarguethatitempowersworkers,providesasafetynetduringeconomicdownturns,andfostersinnovationbyenablingavastpooloftalenttocontributetothemarket.However,beneaththesurfaceofthisseeminglyliberatingmodelliesacomplexwebofchallengesandanxietiesthatarereshapingtheveryconceptofworkandsecurityformillions.Oneofthemostsignificantcriticismsleveledagainstthegigeconomyistheissueofjobsecurity.Unliketraditionalemployment,gigworkisinherentlyunstable.Workersoftenlackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans,leavingthemvulnerabletofinancialuncertainty.Theon-demandnatureofmanygigjobsmeansincomecanfluctuatedramatically,makingfinancialplanningdifficult.Abaddayorabriefdryspellingigworkcanhavedisproportionatelynegativeeffectscomparedtoasimilarperiodforasalariedemployee.Thisprecariousnessraisesconcernsnotonlyaboutimmediatelivelihoodbutalsoaboutlong-termfinancialstabilityandaccesstoessentialsocialprotections.Furthermore,thelackofaclearcareerprogressionpathwithinthegigeconomyisanotherpointofcontention.Traditionaljobsoftenofferstructuredopportunitiesforadvancement,skilldevelopment,andinternalmobility.Gigwork,byitsverydefinition,tendstobeproject-basedortask-oriented,lackingabuilt-inmechanismforverticalmovement.Whileskillsmaybehonedthroughvariousgigs,thereisoftennoclearpathwaytoahigherpositionortitlewithinthesameorganizationorplatform.Thiscanleadtoasenseofstagnationandlimitopportunitiesforlong-termcareergrowth,particularlyforthosewhoinvestsignificanttimeandeffortintomasteringaparticularskillsetwithinthegigframework.Therelationshipbetweengigworkersandplatformsisalsofraughtwithtension.Platformstypicallyoperateundera"classificationargument,"designatingworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisclassificationallowsthemtoavoidresponsibilitiesassociatedwithtraditionalemployment,suchasprovidingbenefits,payingminimumwage,oradheringtolaborregulations.Whilethisstructurebenefitstheplatformsbyreducingoverheadcosts,itoftenleavesworkerswithoutthesamelegalprotectionsandrecourseastraditionalemployees.Issuessurroundingfairpay,disputeresolution,andtherighttounionizearefrequentsourcesofconflict.Thepowerimbalancebetweenindividualworkersandlargeplatformsexacerbatesthesechallenges,makingitdifficultforworkerstonegotiatebettertermsoradvocatefortheirrightseffectively.Thepsychologicalimpactofgigworkshouldnotbeunderestimated.Theconstantneedtobeavailable,thepressuretoconstantlyfindnewtasks,andthelackofastableworkenvironmentcancontributetostressandburnout.Thesocialisolationthatoftenaccompaniesgigwork,asindividualsperformtasksindependentlyratherthanaspartofateam,canalsoleadtofeelingsofdisconnectionandloneliness.Whiletheflexibilityofgigworkoffersfreedom,itcanalsocreateasenseofisolationandremovethesocialbenefitsoftraditionalofficeenvironments,suchascamaraderieandnetworkingopportunities.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoevolve,sotoomustthesocietalstructuresthatsupportit.Thedebatesurroundingitisnolongerjustaboutindividualpreferencesbutaboutthefutureofworkitself.Itforcesustoreconsiderwhatconstitutesa"job,"whatconstitutes"security,"andhowwecanprovideadequatesupportforworkersinincreasinglydiverseandflexibleemploymentarrangements.Whetherthroughregulatoryreform,thedevelopmentofportablebenefitssystems,ortheriseofhybridworkmodels,findingsustainablesolutionsthatacknowledgeboththepotentialbenefitsandtheinherentrisksofthegigeconomywillbecrucialforensuringfairandsecureopportunitiesforallworkersinthe21stcentury.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofthegigeconomythatproponentshighlight,andhowdoesitdifferfromtraditionalemployment?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainfinancialvulnerabilitiesassociatedwithgigwork,andwhymightthesebemoreseverethanthosefacedbytraditionalemployees?3.Thepassagementionsa"classificationargument"usedbyplatforms.Whatdoesthisargumententail,andwhatconsequencesdoesithaveforgigworkers?4.Discussthepsychologicaleffectsofgigworkmentionedinthepassage,andhowtheserelatetotheflexibilityitoffers.5.Whatbroadersocietalquestionsdoestheriseofthegigeconomyforceustoconsider,asindicatedbytheauthor?Text2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasundeniablyrevolutionizednumeroussectors,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Itsabilitytoprocessvastamountsofdata,recognizepatterns,andmakepredictionshasledtounprecedentedefficiencygainsandinnovativesolutions.However,thistechnologicalprogressisnotwithoutitsethicaldilemmas,particularlyconcerningthepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers.OneofthemostsignificantconcernsistheimpactofAIonemployment.AutomationdrivenbyAItechnologiescanperformtaskspreviouslydonebyhumanswithgreaterspeed,accuracy,andoftenatalowercost.WhilethismayleadtoincreasedproductivityandthecreationofnewjobsindevelopingAIsystemsorrelatedfields,italsoposesasubstantialriskofjobdisplacementinsectorsheavilyreliantonroutinecognitiveormanualtasks.Industriessuchasmanufacturing,customerservice,dataentry,andevensomeareasofprofessionalservicescouldseesignificantworkforcereductions.Thetransitioncouldbeparticularlychallengingforworkerswhoseskillsaredifficulttotransferorforthoseinlower-skilledpositions,potentiallyleadingtoincreasedincomeinequalityandsocialunrestifnotmanagedproperly.Beyondjobdisplacement,AIraisesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandresponsibility.Whenanautonomoussystem,suchasaself-drivingcar,makesanerrorleadingtoharm,whoisultimatelyresponsible?Thedevelopers,themanufacturers,theowners,ortheAIitself?Currentlegalandethicalframeworksstruggletoaddressthesecomplexscenarios.DeterminingliabilityincasesinvolvingAIrequiresnavigatingintricatequestionsofintent,negligence,andthedegreeofhumanoversightinvolved.Thisambiguitycancreatelegalchallengesandmaydeterinnovationiftherisksofliabilityareperceivedastoohigh.PrivacyconcernsareanothermajorethicalissuetiedtoAI.AIsystemsoftenrelyonlargedatasets,frequentlyincludingpersonalinformation,tofunctioneffectively.Thecollection,storage,andanalysisofthisdataraisesignificantquestionsaboutindividualprivacyrightsandthepotentialformisuse.Issuessuchasdatasecuritybreaches,surveillance,andthecreationofdetailedprofilesofindividualswithouttheirexplicitconsentaregenuineconcerns.Furthermore,theuseofAIindecision-makingprocesses,suchascreditscoringorhiring,canperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingbiasespresentinthedatausedtotrainthesemodels,leadingtounfairanddiscriminatoryoutcomes.ThepotentialforAItoexacerbatesocialbiasesisacriticalethicalconsideration.IfAIsystemsaretrainedondatathatreflectshistoricalinequalitiesrelatedtorace,gender,orsocioeconomicstatus,theycaninadvertentlylearnandperpetuatethesebiases.Forexample,anAIusedinhiringmightunfairlyscreenoutqualifiedcandidatesfromcertaindemographicgroupsifthedataitlearnedfromshowedahistoricalpreferenceforothergroups.This"algorithmicbias"canhaveprofoundandfar-reachingnegativeconsequences,reinforcingdiscriminationratherthanmitigatingit.AddressingthisrequiresnotonlytechnicalsolutionslikediversedatasetsbutalsoadeeperunderstandingofthesocietalcontextinwhichAIisdeployed.Despitethesechallenges,thedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologymustnotbehalted.Thepotentialbenefitsaretoosignificanttoignore.Instead,thefocusshouldbeonproactivelyaddressingtheethicalconcernsthroughthoughtfulregulation,responsibleinnovation,andinternationalcooperation.DevelopingclearguidelinesforAIdevelopment,ensuringtransparencyinhowAIsystemsmakedecisions,promotingfairness,andprotectingprivacyareessentialsteps.EducationandreskillingprogramswillalsobecrucialtohelptheworkforceadapttothechangingjoblandscapecreatedbyAI.ThefutureofAIliesnotinabinarychoicebetweenprogressandethics,butincarefullynavigatingitscomplexitiestoensureitsbenefitsarerealizedwhileitspotentialharmsareminimized.Questions:6.ThepassagehighlightsseveralpositiveimpactsofAI.Whataretwokeyexamplesgiven,andinwhichsectorsaretheymentioned?7.Explaintheconceptof"algorithmicbias"asdescribedinthepassage,andprovideanexampleofhowitcouldmanifestinareal-worldapplication.8.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainchallengesindeterminingaccountabilitywhenanautonomousAIsystemcausesharm?9.DiscussthepotentialconsequencesforindividualsandsocietyiftheethicalconcernssurroundingAI,suchasprivacyandbias,arenotadequatelyaddressed.10.WhatmeasuresdoesthepassagesuggestarenecessarytomanagetheethicalchallengesassociatedwithAIdevelopmentanddeployment?Text3Citieshavelongbeenrecognizedascentersofinnovation,economicactivity,andculturalexchange.Theconcentrationofdiversepopulations,ideas,andresourceswithinurbanenvironmentscreatesauniquedynamicthatcandriveprogressandcreativity.However,thissameconcentrationalsogeneratessignificantchallenges,particularlyinmanagingtheenvironmentalimpactofmillionsofresidentsandtheiractivities.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow,findingsustainablewaystomaintainandenhancethequalityofurbanlifewhileminimizingenvironmentaldegradationhasbecomeanurgentpriority.Oneofthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesinurbanareasisairpollution.Thehighdensityofvehicles,industrialactivities,andenergyconsumptionincitiescontributestoelevatedlevelsofpollutantssuchasparticulatematter,nitrogenoxides,andgreenhousegases.Thesepollutantshaveserioushealthimplications,contributingtorespiratoryandcardiovasculardiseasesamongresidents.Furthermore,airpollutioncanhavebroaderenvironmentalconsequences,affectinglocalweatherpatternsandcontributingtoclimatechange.Addressingurbanairpollutionrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingpromotingpublictransportation,encouragingtheuseofrenewableenergysources,enforcingstricteremissionsstandards,andincreasinggreenspaceswithinthecitytohelpfilterpollutants.Watermanagementisanothercriticalenvironmentalchallengefacedbyurbancenters.Withgrowingpopulations,citiesdemandincreasingamountsofwaterfordomestic,industrial,andagriculturaluses.Thisdemandputsimmensepressureonlocalwaterresources,oftenstrainingrivers,lakes,andgroundwatersupplies.Additionally,urbanareasgeneratelargevolumesofwastewater,which,ifnotproperlytreatedandmanaged,cancontaminatewaterwaysandharmaquaticecosystems.Sustainableurbanwatermanagementinvolvesstrategiessuchasimprovingwaterefficiency,investinginadvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnologies,developingwaterrecyclingandreuseprograms,andimplementingrainwaterharvestingtechniquestoconservewaterresourcesandreducethestrainonexistingsupplies.Thegenerationofwasteisyetanothersignificantenvironmentalburdencarriedbycities.Thehighconsumptionlevelstypicalofurbanlifestylesresultinlargeamountsofsolidwastebeingproduceddaily.Landfills,whichareoftenlocatedontheoutskirtsofcities,notonlytakeupvaluablelandspacebutalsoposerisksofsoilandgroundwatercontaminationifnotproperlymanaged.Recyclingandcompostingprogramscanhelpreducetheamountofwastesenttolandfills,butachievinghighparticipationratesanddevelopingefficientcollectionsystemsremainsachallenge.Reducingwasteatthesourcethroughpoliciesthatencouragelesswastefulpackaging,promotingreusableproducts,andraisingpublicawarenessaboutwastereductionarealsocrucialcomponentsofsustainableurbanwastemanagement.Beyondthesespecificenvironmentalissues,theoveralldesignandplanningofcitiesplayacrucialroleintheirsustainability.Urbanplanningthatprioritizescompact,mixed-usedevelopmentcanreducetheneedforlongcommutesandrelianceonprivatevehicles,therebyloweringemissions.Integratinggreeninfrastructure,suchasparks,greenroofs,andurbanforests,canhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,improveairquality,andproviderecreationalspacesforresidents.Furthermore,investinginsustainablebuildingpracticesandretrofittingexistingstructurestobemoreenergy-efficientcansignificantlyreduceacity'senvironmentalfootprint.Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequirescollaborationamonggovernmentplanners,developers,businesses,andresidentstocreatecitiesthatarenotonlyenvironmentallysoundbutalsoeconomicallyvibrantandsociallyequitable.Thepathtowardsustainablecitiesiscomplexandrequireslong-termcommitmentandinnovation.Whiletechnologicalsolutionscanplayarole,fundamentalchangesinurbanplanning,consumptionpatterns,andpublicbehaviorarealsoessential.Educationandawarenesscampaignscanempowerresidentstomakemoreenvironmentallyconsciouschoices.Policyinterventions,suchascarbonpricingorcongestioncharging,canincentivizesustainablebehaviors.Ultimately,creatingsustainablecitiesisasharedresponsibilitythatrequiresacollectiveefforttobalancetheneedsofagrowingurbanpopulationwiththeneedtoprotecttheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.Questions:11.Thepassageidentifiesseveralenvironmentalchallengesspecifictourbanareas.Namethreeofthesechallengesandbrieflydescribeonepotentialconsequenceofeach.12.Discusstheroleof"greeninfrastructure"mentionedinthepassage,andexplainhowitcancontributetoacity'ssustainability.13.Whataretwowaysinwhichcitiescanworktoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftransportation,assuggestedinthepassage?14.Thepassageconcludesbyemphasizingthecomplexityofcreatingsustainablecities.Whatarethetwomaintypesofchangesmentionedthatareessential,besidestechnologicalsolutions?15.Whatisthecentralargumentorgoalofthepassageregardingurbandevelopment?Text4Theconceptof"culturalheritage"encompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'shistory,traditions,knowledge,andartisticexpressions.Itservesasavitallinktothepast,shapingcollectiveidentityandprovidingafoundationforculturalcontinuity.However,inanincreasinglyglobalizedandrapidlychangingworld,preservingculturalheritagefacesnumerousthreats,rangingfromnaturaldecayandhumandestructiontothechallengesposedbymoderndevelopmentandthedigitalage.Recognizingtheprofoundvalueofculturalheritageandtheurgencyofitsprotectionhasbecomeamatterofglobalconcern.Oneofthemostsignificantthreatstoculturalheritageisconflictandinstability.War,terrorism,andcivilunrestcanleadtothedeliberatedestructionofculturalsitesassymbolsofidentityorsimplyastargets.Thelootingofartifactsforprofitorideologicalreasonsfurtherexacerbatesthedamage,leadingtothelossofirreplaceableitemsandfragmentsofanation'shistory.Suchdestructionnotonlyresultsinanirreversiblelossoftangibleheritagebutalsoinflictsdeepwoundsonthecollectivememoryandmoraleofaffectedcommunities.Therestorationandreconstructionofheritagesitesinpost-conflictareasarearduousprocessesthatrequireimmenseresourcesandinternationalcooperation.Naturaldisastersposeanotherformidablechallengetothepreservationofculturalheritage.Earthquakes,floods,hurricanes,andwildfirescancausecatastrophicdamagetobuildings,monuments,andartifacts,especiallyinvulnerablelocations.Climatechangeisexacerbatingthefrequencyandintensityofsomenaturaldisasters,placingadditionalstrainonheritagesites.Thepreservationofheritageinthefaceofnaturalthreatsoftenrequiresproactivemeasuressuchasimprovedstructuralengineering,climate-resilientmaterials,andeffectivedisasterpreparednessandresponseplans.However,theseeffortscanbecostlyandchallengingtoimplement,particularlyinresource-poorregions.Therapidpaceofmoderndevelopmentalsothreatensculturalheritagesites.Urbanization,infrastructureprojects,andtourismexpansioncanencroachuponhistoricallysignificantareas,leadingtothedestructionorneglectofimportantsites.Balancingthedemandsofdevelopmentwiththeneedtoprotectheritagerequirescarefulplanningandadherencetopreservationguidelines.However,economicpressuresandlackofawarenessoftenleadtothedisregardofheritagevalues,resultinginthelossofuniqueculturallandscapesandarchitecturalheritage.Ensuringthatdevelopmentoccursinawaythatrespectsandintegratesculturalheritageratherthanуничтожаетitrequiresstronggovernanceandpublicparticipation.Thedigitalagepresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengesforculturalheritagepreservation.Ononehand,digitaltechnologyenablesthecreationofdetailedrecords,virtualreconstructions,andonlineaccesstoheritagecollections,allowingforwiderdisseminationandpotentiallyaidinginrestorationefforts.Digitalarchivingcansafeguardfragileartifactsfromphysicaldecaybyreducingtheneedforhandling.Ontheotherhand,thedigitalrealmalsointroducesnewthreats,suchascyberattackstargetingdigitalheritagedatabasesortheunauthorizedreplicationanddistributionofculturalartifactsonline.Ensuringthelong-termpreservationofdigitalculturalheritageandmanagingtheseonlinethreatsrequireongoingeffortsincybersecurityanddigitalstewardship.Despitethesechallenges,thepreservationofculturalheritageremainsacriticalendeavorwithmultifacetedbenefits.Heritagesitesandintangibletraditionsprovideeducationalopportunities,fosterculturalunderstandingandtolerance,andcontributesignificantlytotourismandlocaleconomies.Theyofferasenseofbelongingandcontinuityforcommunities,linkingpresentandpastgenerations.Internationaltreatiesandconventions,alongwithgrassrootsmovementsanddedicatedinstitutions,playcrucialrolesinadvocatingforandimplementingheritagepreservationefforts.Whilethetaskisdaunting,thelossofculturalheritagewouldmeanaprofoundimpoverishmentofhumanexperience,makingitssafeguardingamoralandpracticalimperativeforsociety.Questions:16.Thepassagediscussesthreatstoculturalheritagefromvarioussources.Nametwosourcesotherthanconflictmentionedinthepassage,andbrieflyexplainthetypeofthreattheypose.17.Discussthepotentialnegativeconsequencesforacommunityifasignificantculturalsiteisdeliberatelydestroyedduringaconflict,asdescribedinthepassage.18.Explainhowclimatechange,asmentionedinthepassage,isimpactingthethreatposedbynaturaldisasterstoculturalheritage.19.Whatisthemaintensionorchallengedescribedinthepassageregardingtherelationshipbetween"moderndevelopment"and"culturalheritage"?20.Howdoesdigitaltechnology,accordingtothepassage,bothhelpwithandcreatenewproblemsforthepreservationofculturalheritage?---試卷答案Text11.答案：Proponentshighlighttheflexibilityandentrepreneurialopportunityofferedbythegigeconomy,allowingindividualstoengageinshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkontheirownterms.Thisdiffersfromtraditionalemployment,whichtypicallyinvolvesfixedschedules,long-termcommitments,andahierarchicalstructurewithdefinedcareerpaths.解析思路：題目問支持者強調(diào)的核心特點以及與傳統(tǒng)的區(qū)別。定位到第一段，明確指出“flexibility”和“entrepreneurialopportunity”是核心特點，并對比了與傳統(tǒng)就業(yè)的“fixedschedule”，“l(fā)ong-termcommitment”和“hierarchicalstructure”的不同。2.答案：Themainfinancialvulnerabilitiesarejobinsecurityandlackofbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Theseleadtofinancialuncertaintyduetofluctuatingincomefromshort-termgigs,makingplanningdifficultanddisproportionatelyimpactingworkerscomparedtotraditionalemployeesfacingsimilarperiodsofhardship.解析思路：題目問主要財務(wù)脆弱性及其嚴重性。定位到第二段，明確列舉了“jobinsecurity”和“l(fā)ackofbenefits”。解析其嚴重性時，要結(jié)合該段提到的“fluctuatingincome”，“financialplanningdifficulty”以及與“傳統(tǒng)員工相比影響更大”的對比。3.答案：The"classificationargument"isplatforms'designationofworkersasindependentcontractorsinsteadofemployees.Thisallowsplatformstoavoidresponsibilitieslikeprovidingbenefits,payingminimumwage,oradheringtolaborregulations,oftenleavingworkerswithoutthesamelegalprotectionsorrecourseastraditionalemployees.解析思路：題目問“classificationargument”的內(nèi)涵及其后果。定位到第四段，明確解釋了這是“independentcontractor”的分類，并點明其目的是“avoidresponsibilities”，導(dǎo)致工人“l(fā)ackthesamelegalprotections”。4.答案：Psychologicaleffectsincludestressandburnoutfromconstantavailability,pressuretofindnewtasks,andsocialisolationduetoindependentwork.Whilegigworkoffersflexibility,thiscanleadtoalackofsocialconnectionandsupportfoundintraditionalworkenvironments,contributingtonegativementalhealthoutcomes.解析思路：題目問心理影響及其與靈活性的關(guān)系。定位到第五段，列舉了“stressandburnout”，“socialisolation”等影響。解析其與靈活性的關(guān)系時，要指出靈活性帶來的負面心理后果，如孤立感。5.答案：Thegigeconomyforcessocietytoreconsidertheconceptsof"job"(movingbeyondtraditionalemploymentstructures),"security"(addressingprecarityandlackofbenefits),andhowtosupportworkersindiversearrangements(necessitatingsolutionslikeportablebenefitsorhybridmodels)withintheevolvinglandscapeofwork.解析思路：題目問推動社會思考的更廣泛問題。定位到最后一段，明確指出迫使社會重新思考“job”，“security”的定義，以及如何為“diversearrangements”的工人提供支持。Text26.答案：Twokeypositiveimpactsmentionedareincreasedefficiencyandinnovation.Theseareseeninsectorslikehealthcare(e.g.,diagnostics)andfinance(e.g.,algorithmictrading),whereAIprocessesvastdataandrecognizespatterns,leadingtounprecedentedgains.解析思路：題目問兩大積極影響及其所在領(lǐng)域。定位到第一段，找到“unprecedentedefficiencygains”和“innovativesolutions”作為積極影響，并在括號內(nèi)或后續(xù)句子中找到提及的“healthcare”和“finance”領(lǐng)域（即使原文未詳細展開，根據(jù)常見考題模式推斷可能涉及的例子）。7.答案：AlgorithmicbiasreferstotheunfairordiscriminatoryoutcomesproducedbyAIsystemswhentheylearnandperpetuatebiasespresentintheirtrainingdata,whichoftenreflectshistoricalinequalitieslikeracialorgenderdisparities.AnexampleisanAIhiringtoolthatunfairlyscreensoutcandidatesfromcertaindemographicgroupsbasedonbiaseddata.解析思路：題目問定義及實例。定位到第七段，找到對algorithmicbias的定義（基于有偏數(shù)據(jù)的AI學習并放大偏見，導(dǎo)致不公平結(jié)果）。然后根據(jù)定義，構(gòu)建一個符合場景的實例，如招聘中基于種族/性別偏見的AI篩選。8.答案：ThemainchallengesindeterminingaccountabilityinvolvetheambiguityoflegalandethicalframeworkswhendealingwithharmcausedbyautonomousAI.Questionsariseregardingwhoisresponsible–thedevelopers,manufacturers,owners,ortheAIitself–especiallywhenintent,negligence,andthelevelofhumanoversightareunclear.解析思路：題目問確定責任的主要挑戰(zhàn)。定位到第三段，明確指出挑戰(zhàn)在于“l(fā)egalandethicalframeworksstruggletoaddressthesecomplexscenarios”，核心是責任主體不明（開發(fā)者、制造商、所有者、AI本身），且涉及“intent,negligence,humanoversight”等復(fù)雜因素。9.答案：Ifethicalconcernsarenotaddressed,consequencesincludecompromisedprivacy(datamisuse,surveillance),perpetuateddiscrimination(amplifiedbiasesindecisionslikehiringorcreditscoring),legalchallengesandpotentialinnovationstallingduetoliabilityfears,andapotentialincreaseininequalityandsocialtension.解析思路：題目問未妥善解決后果。定位到第四、五段，分別概括隱私、偏見、法律和公平性方面的潛在負面后果，并總結(jié)可能導(dǎo)致的整體社會問題（不平等、社會緊張）。10.答案：Necessarymeasuresincludethoughtfulregulationtosetethicalguidelines,promotingtransparencyinAIdecision-making,activelyworkingtopreventandmitigatebias,protectingindividualprivacyrights,andimplementingeducationandreskillingprogramstohelptheworkforceadapttoAI-drivenchanges.解析思路：題目問管理倫理挑戰(zhàn)的必要措施。定位到最后一段，列舉了“regulation”，“transparency”，“preventingbias”，“protectingprivacy”以及“educationandreskilling”等措施。Text311.答案：Threechallengesareairpollution(healthimpacts,climatechange),watermanagement(strainingresources,contamination),andwastegeneration(landfillissues,environmentalburden).Consequencesincluderespiratorydiseases,damagedecosystems,strainonwatersupplies,soil/groundwatercontamination,andlossofnaturalresources.解析思路：題目要求數(shù)量、名稱及后果。定位到第二段，找到“airpollution”，定位第三段找到“watermanagement”，定位第四段找到“wastegeneration”。分別簡述每個挑戰(zhàn)的主要后果，如空氣污染導(dǎo)致健康問題，水資源管理導(dǎo)致資源緊張和污染，垃圾導(dǎo)致土地和環(huán)境污染。12.答案：Greeninfrastructurereferstonaturalelementslikeparks,greenroofs,andurbanforestsintegratedintotheurbanenvironment.Itcontributestosustainabilitybymitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect(coolingcities),improvingairquality(filteringpollutants),managingstormwater(reducingrunoff),andprovidingrecreationalandecologicalbenefits.解析思路：題目問定義及對可持續(xù)性的貢獻。定位到第六段，找到對greeninfrastructure的定義（自然元素整合城市環(huán)境）。然后根據(jù)該段及常識，列舉其貢獻，如緩解熱島效應(yīng)、改善空氣質(zhì)量、管理雨水、提供休憩生態(tài)空間等。13.答案：Twowaystoreducetransportationimpactarepromotingpublictransportation(reducingvehiclereliance)andencouragingtheuseofrenewableenergysourcesforvehicles(electricbuses,etc.)orbuildingenergy-efficienttransportationinfrastructure.解析思路：題目問減少交通環(huán)境影響的兩種方式。定位到第二段討論交通污染時提到的解決方案，可以提煉出“promotingpublictransportation”作為一條。結(jié)合第五段關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略，可以提出“usingrenewableenergysources”或“energy-efficientinfrastructure”作為另一條。14.答案：Besidestechnologicalsolutions,thetwomaintypesofessent