2025年考研英語（一）長篇閱讀理解能力提升：專項訓(xùn)練與策略解析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartBYouaregoingtoreadfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhavebeenreshaped.Whileofferingunparalleledflexibilityandopportunitiesforautonomytomillionsofworkers,thegigeconomyalsopresentsahostofchallengesthatraiseimportantquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnmorethantraditionalwagejobs.Formany,itservesasavitallifeline,providingincomeduringperiodsofunemploymentorcomplementingaprimaryjob.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfromaccessingavast,readilyavailableworkforcewithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefitsorlong-termcontracts.Thisdynamismisseenasessentialforinnovationandadaptingtoarapidlychangingworld.However,criticspointtothelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsasmajordrawbacksforgigworkers.Withoutemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance,retirementplans,orpaidleave,manyfindthemselvesvulnerabletofinancialinstability.Theisolationandlackofaformalteamstructurecanalsoleadtofeelingsoflonelinessanddisconnection.Moreover,thecompetitivenatureofmanygigplatformsoften壓低prices,squeezingworkers'earningsandmakingitdifficulttoachieveasustainablelivingsolelythroughgigwork.Theintermittentandunpredictablenatureofincomestreamsaddstotheanxiety.Theregulatorylandscapesurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers–asindependentcontractors,subjecttofewerregulations,orasemployeesentitledtoprotections.Thislegalambiguitycreatesuncertaintyforbothworkersandbusinesses.Someadvocateforpolicyinterventionsthatoffergigworkersbasicprotectionswithoutstiflingthesector'sgrowth,whileothersarguethatexcessiveregulationcould扼殺theveryflexibilitythatdefinesthegigeconomy.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaprimaryadvantageofthegigeconomyforworkers?2.Whatconcernsdocriticshaveregardingthefinancialsecurityofgigworkers?3.Whatisthemainchallengementionedforgovernmentsregardingthegigeconomy?4.Theword"empowers"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ExploitsB)EnablesC)DiscouragesD)DestroysPassage2Theconceptof"deepwork"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyearsasanantidotetotheconstantdistractionsofthedigitalage.PopularizedbyauthorCalNewport,deepworkreferstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtaskforanextendedperiod.Inaworldsaturatedwithnotificationsandthetemptationtomultitask,thecapacityfordeepworkisincreasinglyseenasavaluableskill,evenasuperpower,inthemodernworkplace.Advocatesofdeepworkarguethatitleadstohigherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction.Byminimizinginterruptionsandconcentratingfullyonasingletask,individualscanproduceworkthatismorethoughtful,accurate,andimpactful.Thisintensefocusallowsforthesynthesisofcomplexinformationandthegenerationofnovelideas,whichareoftentheresultofprolongedcognitiveengagementratherthanfragmentedattention.Moreover,engagingindeepworkcanbeintrinsicallyrewarding,providingasenseofaccomplishmentthatisdifficulttoachievethroughsuperficialtasks.However,thepracticeofdeepworkfacesnumerouschallengesintoday'senvironment.Thepervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivitymakeitdifficulttocreatethenecessaryuninterruptedtimeandmentalspace.Manyfindthemselvescaughtinacycleofcheckingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention.Additionally,themodernworkplaceoftenencouragescollaborationandrapidcommunication,seeminglyatoddswiththesolitary,focusednatureofdeepwork.Findingabalancebetweeneffectivecommunicationandtheneedforconcentrationremainsasignificanthurdle.Furthermore,theabilitytoengageindeepworkmaynotbeequallydistributedamongthepopulation.Factorssuchaspersonalitytraits,cognitiveabilities,andevensocioeconomicbackgroundmightinfluenceone'scapacityforsustainedfocus.Whilesomeindividualsthriveonintenseconcentration,othersmayfinditdrainingorsimplyunabletomaintainthatleveloffocusforextendeddurations.Therefore,simplyadvocatingfordeepworkmaynotbesufficient;creatingenvironmentsandconditionsthatsupport,andareconduciveto,deepworkforawiderrangeofpeopleisalsocrucial.Questions:5.Whatisthemaincharacteristicof"deepwork"asdescribedinthepassage?6.Accordingtoproponents,whatisasignificantbenefitofengagingindeepwork?7.Whatobstaclesdoesthepassageidentifyforindividualstryingtopracticedeepwork?8.Theword"pervasive"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)TemporaryB)LocalizedC)WidespreadD)UnderutilizedPassage3Theintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)intovariousaspectsofdailylifeisacceleratingataremarkablepace,promisingunprecedentedefficiencyandconveniencebutalsoraisingprofoundethicalandsocialconcerns.Fromvirtualassistantsmanagingschedulestoalgorithmsrecommendingcontentandautonomousvehiclesnavigatingroads,AItechnologiesarebecomingincreasinglysophisticatedandpervasive.Thisrapidadvancementnecessitatesacarefulconsiderationofthepotentialimpacts,bothintendedandunintended,onsociety.Ontheonehand,AIoffersthepotentialtosolvecomplexglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechange,healthcareaccessibility,andresourcemanagement.AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios,optimizeenergyconsumption,andassistinthedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatments.Insectorslikemanufacturingandlogistics,AIcanenhanceproductivity,reducecosts,andimprovesafetythroughautomation.Theseapplicationsholdthepromiseofcreatingamoreefficient,sustainable,andequitableworld.Ontheotherhand,thewidespreadadoptionofAIposessignificantrisksthatcannotbeignored.Issuesrelatedtodataprivacyandsecurityareparamount,asAIsystemsoftenrelyonvastamountsofpersonalinformation.Thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andlawenforcement,isamajorconcern.Therearealsoworriesabouttheimpactonemployment,asAIautomationcoulddisplacehumanworkersinvariousindustries.Furthermore,theincreasingautonomyofAIsystemsraisesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandresponsibilitywhendecisionsaremadewithouthumanintervention.ThedevelopmentanddeploymentofAIalsoraisecomplexquestionsabouthumanagencyandvalues.AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapable,thereisariskthathumandecision-makingcouldbeoverlyinfluencedorevensupplantedbyalgorithms.Preservinghumanjudgment,empathy,andethicalreasoningincriticalsituationsisessential.SocietymustengageinongoingdialogueaboutthevalueswewanttoembedinAIsystemsandensuretheyalignwithhumanrightsandethicalprinciples.Thisrequiresnotonlytechnologicalsolutionsbutalsorobustlegalandregulatoryframeworks,aswellaseducationandpublicawareness.Questions:9.WhatisapotentialbenefitofAImentionedinthepassagethatcouldaddressaglobalchallenge?10.WhataretwosignificantethicalconcernsassociatedwithAI?11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconcernregardingtheimpactofAIontheworkforce?12.Theword"paramount"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)MinimumB)SecondaryC)CrucialD)UnpredictablePassage4Culturalheritage,encompassingtangibleassetslikehistoricalbuildingsandartifactsaswellasintangibleelementssuchastraditions,languages,andperformingarts,holdsimmensevalueforcommunitiesworldwide.Itservesasavitallinktothepast,shapingcollectiveidentityandprovidingafoundationforunderstandingculturaldiversity.However,preservingthisheritageinthefaceofmodernization,climatechange,andincreasingglobalinterconnectednesspresentsnumerouschallengesthatrequireinnovativeapproachesandsustainedeffort.Therapidpaceofurbandevelopmentoftenleadstothedestructionorneglectofhistoricalstructuresandsites.Moderninfrastructureprojectscanencroachuponculturallysignificantareas,leadingtoirreversibleloss.Furthermore,climatechangeposesagrowingthreat,withrisingsealevels,extremeweatherevents,andenvironmentaldegradationdamagingfragileheritagesites,fromancientmonumentstotraditionalcommunities.Maintainingthesesitesrequiressignificantresourcesandexpertise,whichmaybelacking,especiallyindevelopingregions.Despitethesechallenges,theimportanceofculturalheritageconservationcontinuestogrow.Thereisagrowingrecognitionthatpreservingheritageisnotmerelyaboutprotectingoldbuildingsorartifacts;itisessentialforsocialcohesion,tourism,andeconomicdevelopment.Culturalheritagesitesattractvisitors,generatingrevenueandcreatingjobs.Theyalsofosterasenseofbelongingandcontinuityamongcommunitymembers,strengtheningsocialbonds.Moreover,documentingandtransmittingculturaltraditionsensuresthesurvivalofuniqueknowledge,skills,andartisticexpressionsforfuturegenerations.Innovativestrategiesareneededtoeffectivelymanageandprotectculturalheritage.Digitaltechnology,suchas3Dscanningandvirtualreality,offerspowerfultoolsfordocumentation,monitoring,andvirtualaccesstoheritagesites,especiallythosethatareinaccessibleoratrisk.Community-basedapproachesthatinvolvelocalpopulationsindecision-makingandconservationeffortsarealsocrucial,astheyensurethesustainabilityandrelevanceofheritagepractices.Internationalcollaborationandfunding,throughorganizationslikeUNESCO,playavitalroleinsupportingheritageconservationglobally.Ultimately,safeguardingculturalheritagerequiresacollectivecommitmenttoitsvalueandtheactiveparticipationofgovernments,communities,andindividuals.Questions:13.Whatroledoesculturalheritageplayinthecontextofcommunityidentity,accordingtothepassage?14.Whataretwoenvironmentalthreatsmentionedthatcandamageculturalheritagesites?15.Howcanculturalheritagecontributetoeconomicdevelopment?16.Theword"sustained"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)IntermittentB)TemporaryC)ContinuedD)Increased試卷答案PartBPassage11.B2.A3.C4.B解析：1.題目問：根據(jù)文章，工人在零工經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主要優(yōu)勢是什么？定位到第二段，開頭提到“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnmorethantraditionalwagejobs.”（支持者認(rèn)為，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)通過讓個人能夠控制自己的時間表、選擇自己感興趣的項目，以及有可能比傳統(tǒng)工資工作賺更多來賦予個人權(quán)力。）其中，“controltheirownschedules”對應(yīng)“flexibility”，“chooseprojectsthatinterestthem”對應(yīng)“autonomy”，“potentiallyearnmore”對應(yīng)“higherincomeopportunities”。選項B“Enables”（使能夠）與“empowers”（賦權(quán)）意思最接近，概括了控制時間、選擇項目和潛在高收入這幾大優(yōu)勢。2.題目問：根據(jù)批評者，工人在財務(wù)安全方面有什么擔(dān)憂？定位到第三段，提到“However,criticspointtothelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsasmajordrawbacksforgigworkers.Withoutemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance,retirementplans,orpaidleave,manyfindthemselvesvulnerabletofinancialinstability.”（然而，批評者指出，缺乏工作保障和福利是零工的主要缺點。沒有雇主贊助的健康保險、退休計劃或帶薪休假，許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己容易受到財務(wù)不穩(wěn)定的影響。）其中，“l(fā)ackofjobsecurityandbenefits”直接對應(yīng)了財務(wù)安全方面的擔(dān)憂，即缺乏保障和福利導(dǎo)致不穩(wěn)定。選項A“Exploits”（剝削）與文意不符；選項B“Discourages”（discouraged抑制）不合適；選項C“Discourages”（Discourages鼓勵）與文意相反；選項D“Destroys”（摧毀）程度過重。3.題目問：文章提到政府面臨的關(guān)于零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要挑戰(zhàn)是什么？定位到第四段，提到“Theregulatorylandscapesurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers–asindependentcontractors,subjecttofewerregulations,orasemployeesentitledtoprotections.”（圍繞零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的監(jiān)管環(huán)境也日益復(fù)雜化和演變。世界各國政府正努力應(yīng)對如何對零工工人進(jìn)行分類的問題——是作為獨立承包商（受較少監(jiān)管）還是作為有權(quán)獲得保護(hù)的雇員。）這里明確指出了政府正在努力解決“如何對零工工人進(jìn)行分類”的問題，這是一個法律和監(jiān)管上的復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)。選項B與原文“howtoclassifygigworkers”意思一致。4.題目問：第二段中的單詞“empowers”在意思上最接近：。定位到第二段“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules...”結(jié)合上下文，empowers在這里的意思是“賦予……能力或權(quán)力”。選項A“Exploits”（剝削）意思相反；選項B“Enables”（使能夠）與“empowers”意思最為接近；選項C“Discourages”（使沮喪）意思相反；選項D“Destroys”（摧毀）程度過重且意思不符。Passage25.A6.B7.C8.C解析：5.題目問：根據(jù)文章，什么是“深度工作”的主要特征？定位到第一段，提到“deepworkreferstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtaskforanextendedperiod.”（深度工作指的是在一段時間內(nèi)，不受干擾地專注于一項需要認(rèn)知能力的任務(wù)的能力。）其中，“focuswithoutdistraction”和“extendedperiod”是核心特征。選項A“Focusesforextendedperiodswithoutdistraction”（在不受干擾的情況下長時間集中注意力）最能概括這一特征。6.題目問：根據(jù)支持者，參與深度工作有什么重要好處？定位到第二段，提到“Advocatesofdeepworkarguethatitleadstohigherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction.Byminimizinginterruptionsandconcentratingfullyonasingletask,individualscanproduceworkthatismorethoughtful,accurate,andimpactful.”（深度工作的支持者認(rèn)為，它能帶來更高的產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量、創(chuàng)新和更大的個人滿足感。通過減少干擾并專注于單一任務(wù)，個人可以產(chǎn)出更周全、準(zhǔn)確和有影響力的工作。）其中，“higherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction”是重要好處。選項B“Leadstohigherqualityoutputandinnovation”（帶來更高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)出和創(chuàng)新）概括了核心效益。7.題目問：文章指出了嘗試實踐深度工作的人面臨的哪些障礙？定位到第三段，提到“Thepervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivitymakeitdifficulttocreatethenecessaryuninterruptedtimeandmentalspace.Manyfindthemselvescaughtinacycleofcheckingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention.”（數(shù)字技術(shù)的普遍性和持續(xù)連接的文化使得創(chuàng)造必要的、不受打擾的時間和心理空間變得困難。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了不斷檢查電子郵件、信息和社交媒體的循環(huán)中，這不斷分散著注意力。）其中，“pervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivity”（數(shù)字技術(shù)的普遍性和持續(xù)連接的文化）以及“checkingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention”（檢查郵件、信息和社交媒體，不斷分散注意力）是具體的障礙。選項C“Difficultycausedbydigitaldistractionsandconstantconnectivity”（由數(shù)字干擾和持續(xù)連接造成的困難）最能概括這些障礙。8.題目問：第三段中的單詞“pervasive”在意思上最接近：。根據(jù)上下文，“pervasive”用來形容“digitaltechnology”和“cultureofconstantconnectivity”，指的是它們無處不在、普遍存在的特性。選項A“Temporary”（臨時的）與文意相反；選項B“Localized”（地方性的）與文意相反；選項C“Widespread”（普遍的）與“pervasive”意思接近；選項D“Underutilized”（未被充分利用的）與文意無關(guān)。Passage39.C10.BandD11.A12.C解析：9.題目問：文章提到，AI能帶來的一個潛在好處是什么，它可能解決一個全球性挑戰(zhàn)？定位到第二段，提到“Ontheonehand,AIoffersthepotentialtosolvecomplexglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechange,healthcareaccessibility,andresourcemanagement.AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios,optimizeenergyconsumption,andassistinthedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatments.”（一方面，AI有潛力解決復(fù)雜的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，例如氣候變化、醫(yī)療保健的可及性和資源管理。AI驅(qū)動的模擬可以模擬環(huán)境場景，優(yōu)化能源消耗，并協(xié)助開發(fā)新的治療方法。）其中，“AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios”表明AI可以通過模擬環(huán)境場景來應(yīng)對“climatechange”（氣候變化）這一全球挑戰(zhàn)。選項C“Aidinginaddressingclimatechangethroughsimulations”（通過模擬幫助應(yīng)對氣候變化）符合文意。10.題目問：根據(jù)文章，與AI相關(guān)的兩個主要倫理擔(dān)憂是什么？定位到第二段，提到“issuesrelatedtodataprivacyandsecurityareparamount...Thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andlawenforcement,isamajorconcern.”（與數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全相關(guān)的問題至關(guān)重要……算法偏見的潛在可能性，導(dǎo)致在招聘、信貸和執(zhí)法等領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)歧視性結(jié)果，是一個主要擔(dān)憂。）這里明確提到了“dataprivacyandsecurity”（數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全）和“algorithmicbias”（算法偏見）。選項B“Dataprivacyandsecurity”（數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全）和選項D“Algorithmicbias”（算法偏見）是文章指出的兩大擔(dān)憂。11.題目問：根據(jù)文章，AI對勞動力隊伍有什么影響方面的擔(dān)憂？定位到第二段，提到“Furthermore,theincreasingautomationduetoAIcoulddisplaceh