列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents城市軌道交通安全問題SafetyIssuesofUrbanRailTransit列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents列車Railcar脫軌Derailment傾覆Overturning擠岔Frog–squeezing沖突Collision列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents有條不紊處理OrderlyHandling減少損失和傷亡ReductionofLossesandCasualties避免造成人身傷害及財(cái)產(chǎn)損失AvoidanceofCausingPersonalInjuryandPropertyDamage列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突的概念是什么呢？Whataretheconceptsofderailment,overturning,frog-squeezingandcollisionoftrains?列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突的概念Theconceptsofderailment,overturning,frog-squeezingandcollisionthatmayoccurtotrains列車脫軌TrainDerailment脫軌是指車輛在正線、配線、車場(chǎng)線等線路運(yùn)行時(shí)，車輪落下軌面（包括脫軌后又自行復(fù)軌）或車輪輪緣頂部高于軌面（因作業(yè)需要的除外）而脫離軌道。Derailmentoccurswhenavehicleisrunningonmainlines,connectinglines,depotlinesorothertracks.Itmeansthatthewheelsdropbelowtherailsurface(includingself-realignmentafterderailment)orthetopofthewheelflangeishigherthantherailsurface(exceptforoperationalneeds),thusgettingoffthetrack.列車傾覆TrainOverturning列車傾覆指的是車輛在行駛過程中因?yàn)楦鞣N原因出現(xiàn)側(cè)翻或翻滾的情況。Trainoverturningreferstothesituationwhereatrainrollsoverortumblessidewaysduringoperationduetovariousreasons.列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突的概念Theconceptsofderailment,overturning,frog-squeezingandcollisionthatmayoccurtotrains列車擠岔TrainTurnoutSqueezing擠岔是指在正線、配線、車場(chǎng)線等線路，由于道岔位置不正確、尖軌未能與基本軌密貼，導(dǎo)致列車通過道岔時(shí)將尖軌與基本軌擠開或擠壞過程，造成尖軌彎曲變形、轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)損壞。Turnoutsqueezingoccursonmainlines,sidinglines,depotlinesandothertracks.Duetoincorrectturnoutpositionsorfailureofswitchrailstocloselyadheretostockrails,whenatrainpassesthroughtheturnout,itforcestheswitchrailsandstockrailsapartordamagesthem.Thisprocesscausestheswitchrailstobendanddeform,andtheswitchmachinetobedamaged.列車沖突TrainCollisions沖突是指在正線、配線、車場(chǎng)線等線路，列車、機(jī)車車輛相互間或與工程車、設(shè)備設(shè)施（如車庫、站臺(tái)、車檔等）發(fā)生沖撞。Collisionreferstotheimpactthatoccursonmainlines,sidinglines,depotlinesandothertracks,wheretrains,locomotivesandvehiclescollidewitheachother,orwithconstructionvehicles,equipmentandfacilities(suchasgarages,platforms,bufferstops,etc.).案例分析CaseAnalysis案例分析CaseAnalysisv事故概況AccidentOverview2020年11月19日，濟(jì)南地鐵1號(hào)線方特站0105次列車發(fā)生擠岔脫軌事件，經(jīng)了解事件是由于列車切除ATP后，在方特站站前渡線作業(yè)時(shí)，司機(jī)未確認(rèn)進(jìn)路道岔位置正確，盲目動(dòng)車，造成列車擠岔后脫軌。OnNovember19,2020,afrog-squeezingandderailmentincidentoccurredtotrainNo.0105atFangteStationofJinanMetroLine1.Itwaslearnedthatafterthetrain'sATP(AutomaticTrainProtection)wascutoff,duringtheoperationontheleadcrossoverinfrontofFangteStation,thedrivermovedthetrainblindlywithoutconfirmingthatthepositionoftheapproachturnoutwascorrect.Thisledtothetrainsqueezingtheturnoutandthenderailing.案例分析CaseAnalysisv原因分析CauseAnalysis行調(diào)在未排好接車進(jìn)路的情況下指揮事發(fā)列車越紅燈進(jìn)站，當(dāng)事司機(jī)越過S1104信號(hào)機(jī)紅燈及P1106道岔后未認(rèn)真確認(rèn)P1104道岔開通方向即盲目繼續(xù)動(dòng)車進(jìn)站，最終導(dǎo)致事件的發(fā)生。Thetrafficcontrollerdirectedthetraininvolvedintheincidenttoenterthestationthrougharedlightwithoutarrangingthereceivingrouteproperly.AfterpassingtheredlightofsignalS1104andturnoutP1106,thedriverofthetraindidnotcarefullyconfirmtheopeningdirectionofturnoutP1104andblindlycontinuedtomovethetrainintothestation,ultimatelyresultingintheoccurrenceoftheincident.案例分析CaseAnalysisv事故責(zé)任AccidentLiability司機(jī)未嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行手指呼喚制度，盲目確認(rèn)道岔位置，存在嚴(yán)重違章行為。Thedriverfailedtostrictlyimplementthefinger-pointingandcalling-outsystem,blindlyconfirmedtheturnoutposition,andcommittedseriousviolationsofregulations.行調(diào)未準(zhǔn)備好接車進(jìn)路即組織列車進(jìn)站，存在違章作業(yè)。Thetrafficcontrollerorganizedthetraintoenterthestationwithoutpreparingthereceivingroute,whichwasanoperationinviolationofregulations.列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents乘客Passenger列車Railcar環(huán)境Environment造成嚴(yán)重危害CausingofSeriousHarm乘客受傷甚至喪生Passengers’InjuryandEvenDeath車輛可能損毀嚴(yán)重PossibleSevereDamagetoVehicles造成交通擁堵和環(huán)境污染CausingofTrafficCongestionandEnvironmentalPollution列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突處理HandlingofTrainDerailment,Overturning,Frog-squeezingandCollisionIncidents脫軌事故Derailmentaccidents需要大量的時(shí)間和資源來處理事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、恢復(fù)運(yùn)輸以及調(diào)查事故原因。quireasignificantamountoftimeandresourcestohandletheaccidentsite,restoretransportation,andinvestigatethecausesofthe列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突的概念Theconceptsofderailment,overturning,frog-squeezingandcollisionthatmayoccurtotrains電動(dòng)客車脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突應(yīng)急處置流程圖Emergencyhandlingflowchartofelectricbusderailment,overturning,crossingandcollision列車發(fā)生脫軌、傾覆、擠岔、沖突Thetrainderailed,overturned,joltedandcollided1.司機(jī)立即按下緊急停車按鈕停車1.Thedrivershouldimmediatelypresstheemergencystopbuttontostopthetrain2.播放臨時(shí)停車廣播安撫乘客2.Playatemporaryparkingannouncementtoreassurepassengers3.匯報(bào)行車調(diào)度員，嚴(yán)禁動(dòng)車Reporttothetraindispatcherthatthetrainisprohibitedfrommoving1.確認(rèn)客室照明、通風(fēng)開啟，客室有無人員傷亡1.Confirmthatthecabinlightingandventilationareopen,andwhethertherearecasualtiesinthecabin2.施加停放制動(dòng)2.Applytheparkingbrake3.降下受電弓，穿好熒光衣攜帶手持臺(tái)、對(duì)講機(jī)下車查看3.Lowerthepantograph,putonafluorescentvest,andcarryaportableradioandwalkie-talkietogetoffthetrainforinspection.需要疏散乘客時(shí)根據(jù)行車調(diào)度員指令配合車站做好乘客疏散工作，疏散完畢后關(guān)閉列車激活控制。Whenpassengerevacuationisrequired,cooperatewiththestationtocarryoutthepassengerevacuationworkinaccordancewiththeinstructionsofthetrafficdispatcher.Aftertheevacuationiscompleted,turnoffthetrainactivationcontrol.待搶險(xiǎn)救援組人員到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)后，司機(jī)做好配合Aftertheemergencyrescueteamarrivesatthescene,thedrivershouldcooperatefully是Yes發(fā)生在正線Whetherithappenedonthemainline否No經(jīng)車輛段（場(chǎng)）調(diào)度員準(zhǔn)許下車查看Getpermissionfromthevehicledepot(yard)dispatchertogetoffthetrainforinspection.1.施加停放制動(dòng)1.Applytheparkingbrake2.降下受電弓2.lowerthepantograph3.關(guān)閉列車激活，穿好熒光衣攜帶手持臺(tái)、對(duì)講機(jī)下車3.Turnoffthetrainactivationcontrol,putonafluorescentvest,carryaportabletransceiverandawalkie-talkie,thengetoffthetrain及時(shí)向車輛段（場(chǎng)）調(diào)度員反饋現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況Timelyfeedbacktheon-sitesituationtothevehicledepot(yard)dispatcher.1.司機(jī)立即按下緊急停車按鈕停車1.Thedrivershouldimmediatelypresstheemergencystopbuttontostopthetrain2.匯報(bào)行車調(diào)度員/車輛段（場(chǎng)）調(diào)度員，嚴(yán)禁動(dòng)車2.Reporttothetrafficdispatcher/vehicledepot(yard)dispatcher,movingthetrainisstrictlyprohibited.