21Secrets

toBecomingAGoodSpeakerKai-FuLeeManagingDirectorMicrosoftResearch,China第1頁，共73頁。WePresentEveryDay!Notjustconferencetalks….ProductgroupmeetingsBillG/TABmeetingsPreambletoademoConvinceaproductgrouptobeinterestedPresentpatenttoalawyerPresentagroupresultatoffsite“Elevator”talks第2頁，共73頁。ButI’mnotgoodatit….Presentationskillscanbeacquired.Examples:BillGatesKai-FuLee第3頁，共73頁。WhatYou’llLearnToday:CommunicationskillsPreparingtheTalkDeliveringtheTalkHandlingQ&A21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.第4頁，共73頁。WhatisCommunicationSkills?Verbal(wordsspoken)Vocal(tone,range,appeal,credibilityofvoice)Visual(physicalappearance,clothing,gestures,eyecontact)7%38%55%Communication

Skills第5頁，共73頁?！癢ithouteffectivedelivery, aspeechofthehighestmentalcapacity canbeheldinnoesteem.

Witheffectivedelivery, evenonewithmoderateabilitiesmay surpassthoseofthehighesttalent.”

--Cicero

“Themanwhocanthinkanddoesnotknow howtoexpresswhathethinks isatthelevelofhimwhocannotthink.”

--PericlesTheImportanceofCommunicationSkills第6頁，共73頁。CommunicationSkills=Fake?MostimportantfactorisPASSION!Ifyou’repassionate,yourvocal&visualskillswillcomenaturally.Passioncouldcomefromsubject,experience,orenvironment.“Thereisjustonesurecureforbadspeeches– Gettrulyexcitedonthesubject,and99percent ofthefaultsofyourspeakingwilldisappear.”

--RobertMontgomeryButthereareskillstobelearned.Likereading,writing,typing….Mustlearnthis,ifyouwantyourworktobeunderstood!第7頁，共73頁。VerbalSkillsBesimpleandclear!Don’tramble.Stoptothinkifyouneedto.Exampleone:DanQuaylecelebratesdemocracy:Exampletwo:DanQuayletryingtosay

“Amindisaterriblethingtowaste”第8頁，共73頁。VerbalSkillsSpeakingisnotlikewriting!!!Usesimplewords.Don’tusecomplexsentences.Canyouunderstandthis:Don’tuseambiguouswordsinspeech.第9頁，共73頁。VocalSkillsProject&resonateyourvoice.No“UM”sand“ER”s.(Pauseinstead).Silenceisatool(Todrawattention).第10頁，共73頁。VocalSkillsPlayyourvoicewithpitchandtempo.Toamplifyapoint,slowdown,speakloudly,exaggerateinotation,pauseintherightplaces.“Youareright.Iamwrong”

–StalintoTrotsky“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry”

--JohnF.KennedyBADEXAMPLE:“Iwelcomethiskindofexamination,becausepeoplehavetoknowwhethertheirpresidentisacrook.Well,I’mnotacrook.”

--RichardM.NixonDon’tuseiteverywhere!第11頁，共73頁。VocalSkills:Samemessage;

manywaystodeiverJohnKennedy:“Youneedtocontributetoyourcountry”’“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry”.Quaylevs.BensonDebate:Quayle:"IhaveasmuchexperienceintheCongressasJackKennedydidwhenhesoughtthepresidency."

Answer1:“JackKennedyisbetterthanyou.”Answer2:"Senator,IservedwithJackKennedy.

IknewJackKennedy.

JackKennedywasafriendofmine.

Senator,you'renoJackKennedy.“第12頁，共73頁。VocalSkills:EnthusiasmPassion&Enthusiasm!Ifyou’renotpassionate,whyshouldwecare?Example:MartinLutherKingIhaveadream.

Thatoneday

Thisnationwillriseup

Liveuptothetruemeaningtoitscreed:

Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident

Thatallmenarecreatedequal.第13頁，共73頁。VisualSkillsVisualSkills–THEmostimportantAppeartrustworthy&respectful.USElection1960waswononvisualskills.ComponentsofVisualSkillsEyesBodyHandsFace第14頁，共73頁。VisualSkills–EyesLookforwardataudience(trust)Don’tshifteyeballs;don’tlookincorner.Don’tlooktoomuchatcomputerscreenoryournotes.Lookatpeople’sfaces(noteyes)3-6secondsperperson.Shiftrandomly.Nod,smile,usefacialexpression.第15頁，共73頁。VisualSkills–BodyStandupwhentalking.Walkaround=informal.Don’t:Rock,shake,leantoomuch.第16頁，共73頁。VisualSkills–HandsGesturecomplementstalk.Shouldcomenaturally,withoutthinking.Makesuretheymatch!NeedtoexaggeratealittleEspeciallywithlargeaudience.Don’tfidgetorputinpocket.Videotapewholetalk&watch.第17頁，共73頁。VisualSkills–FaceShowemotion!Mostofthetime:“Icarealotaboutthis.”“Ireallybelieveinthis.”“Ilovemywork.”Sometimes(inresponsetoquestions).“ThisisthemostoutrageousthingI’veeverheard.”“Iwillhavenothingtodowiththis.”第18頁，共73頁。WhatYou’llLearnToday:CommunicationskillsPreparingtheTalkDeliveringtheTalkHandlingQ&A21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.第19頁，共73頁。PreparingtheTalkAlwaysOVERPREPARE!!!!!Preparationincludes:Researchingthebackground.Organizingthetalk.Writingtheslides.Rehearsingthetalk.Lastminutethings….第20頁，共73頁。ResearchingtheBackgroundWhenyou’reinvited,findout:Howlongisthetalk?What’sthetopic?(Saynoifyoudon’tcareaboutthetopic).Who’stheaudience.Onceyousayyes,youareCOMMITTEDtodoagreatjob.第21頁，共73頁。OrganizingtheTalkYou’rethesalesman.Firstlessonforsalesmen:“Tellthemwhatyou’regoingtosay.Sayit.Tellthemwhatyousaid”Verysimilartoyourpaper!第22頁，共73頁。TheCentralMessage(it)Peoplewillnotremembereverything.HaveONEclearwalk-awaymessage.Whatdoyouwantpeopletorememberin3months?Theanswertothequestion:

“Howwasthetalk?”Repeatit!第23頁，共73頁。TheOpeningSaysomethingprovoking!Givea(veryshort)outline/overview.第24頁，共73頁。TheSubstanceLogical.Convincing.Helpthemrememberthemessage!Anticipatedoubts&removethem.SmoothtransitionsDon’tlosetheaudienceOKtore-orderthesub-topics.Keeprepeatingthemessage!第25頁，共73頁。TheEndingEndwithaBANG!Repeatthemessage.Saythankyou.第26頁，共73頁。WritingtheVisuals(PowerPoint)Prepation(80%time)Firstprepareoutline(recommend:Word).Thenmodifyoutlinefor:Logiconvincing,flow,transitions….ActualSlideWriting(20%time)Shouldcomealmostdirectlyfromtheoutline.第27頁，共73頁。UseofVisuals(PowerPoint)Visualsonlysupportyourtalk.Spendmoretimeonyourtalk!Simpleandclear1idea;3sub-concepts;<=6lines.Readable–Big&color-coordinated.Don’treadfromtheslides!第28頁，共73頁。WhatifTalkisComplexDon’tlosepeople.Usegrayedoutoutline.Ifideaiscomplex:Tryreallyhardtoavoidcomplexslides,but…Ifyoumustuseit,uselayers(preventread-ahead&lackoffocus).Remembertochangeslidesforprinting.Example….第29頁，共73頁。Ifyoumustusecomplexlayers…

agoodexampleContentServerProxyServerClients3.returncontent1.openconnection&sendrequestContentre-authoringClient/UserprofilesAdaptationschemesNetworkmonitoringCaching&pre-fetchingmanagement2.retrievecontent2.retrievecontent3.retrievenetworkdata,user/clientprofiles4.performadaptation5.returncontent1.openconnection&sendrequest第30頁，共73頁。UseofDemos/MultimediaKeepsthetalkinteresting.Don’toverdoit.Shouldbetiedtocontent.Ordering:2,N,N-1,N-2,….3,1第31頁，共73頁。RehearsingYourTalkRecord&listentoeverytalkatleasttwice!Record:Best:PowerPointfeatures.OK:Taperecorder.Mustdosometime:VideoAskexperiencedspeakertocritique.Improve:Style,logic,timingperslide.第32頁，共73頁。GettheTimingRight!Runningoutoftimeisadisaster.Writehowmuchtimeshouldremainoneachslide.第33頁，共73頁。Afteryou’remoreexperienced….Nolongernecessarytorecord.Everynewtalkstillmustberehearsed.Bringnotesifyouaren’tconfident.第34頁，共73頁。JustBeforetheTalk….Preparesomethingmatchingtheoccasion.Makesureyou’renottootired:Getenoughsleepthepreviousnight.Drink3cupsofcoffee!第35頁，共73頁。WhatYou’llLearnToday:CommunicationskillsPreparingtheTalkDeliveringtheTalkHandlingQ&A21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.第36頁，共73頁。DeliveringtheTalkOvercominglanguagebarrier.Overcomingnervousness.ArtofGoodOpening&ending.HumorAudienceparticipation第37頁，共73頁。OvercomingLanguageBarrierPerfectEnglishnotnecessary.Knowyourlimitations.Don’tusefancywords,complexsentences.Don’ttakeanychanceoflookingsilly.OKtobringcheatnotes!第38頁，共73頁。Outline&ScriptAlwaysmakeanoutline.PowerPointnotes;WordOutline.Don’thavetouseit.ItmaybebesttoREADaspeech.Noexcusenottobefluent!(practice!)Don’tstareatpaper.(Memorizeitifyou’reprefer).第39頁，共73頁。OvercomingNervousness“Dothethingyoufear andthedeathoffeariscertain.”

--RalphWaldoEmerson第40頁，共73頁。HidingNervousnessItispossibletohidenervousness!Don’tlettheshakingshow!Makeafist;holdthelectern.Speakloudly.Takeadeepbreath.Lookatafriendlyface.Lookabovepeople’sheads.第41頁，共73頁。ArtofGoodOpening&EndingOpeningSaysomethingrelevanttotheoccasion.Needtoresearchbackgroundbeforethetalk.Ending“Ifyourememberonlyonethingfromthistalk,thenyoushouldrememberXXX”.第42頁，共73頁。HumorGoodhumor:Respectful.Relevant(betteryet:original).Short.Planyourjokes:Rememberwhatworked.Useitagain!第43頁，共73頁。HumorHowtotellajoke?Setup(peopleshouldknowajokeiscomingup).Pauseafterclimax(punchline).Moveonnaturallyifnoreaction!第44頁，共73頁。AudienceParticipationBestwayforpeopletoremember!AskaudienceaquestionAnticipatetheiranswer(s)!RespondwithsomethinginterestingANDrelevant.第45頁，共73頁。BeYourselfLearntheskills;don’tcopythestyles.Youmustbeyourselftobecredible.Manystylescouldbeeffective:BillGates–BrillianttechnologistSteveBallmer–PowerfulsalesmanSteveJobs–Passionateevangelist第46頁，共73頁。WhatYou’llLearnToday:CommunicationskillsPreparingtheTalkDeliveringtheTalkHandlingQ&A21secretstobecomingagoodspeaker.第47頁，共73頁。Q&AQ&Aisyourchanceto:Amplifyyourpoints.Increaseyourcredibility.第48頁，共73頁。DealingwithQuestionsEasyQuestionsAmplifyyourpoints!HardQuestionsNoneedtoanswerdirectly.Butdon’thide!NarrowQuestionsTakeoffline.第49頁，共73頁。Q&A–GivingAGoodAnswerRespectthelistenerRightbodylanguageRepeatthequestionCompleteifpeoplecannothear.Paraphrasetohelpamplifyyourpoint.Ifpeoplearetooshy,youstart!Don’targueordismissaquestion.第50頁，共73頁。21Secrets#1Anybodycanlearntogiveagoodtalk.第51頁，共73頁。21Secrets#2Don’tgiveatalkunless

you’repassionate.第52頁，共73頁。21Secrets#3Usesimpleandclearwords.第53頁，共73頁。21Secrets#4Playyourvoicetofocusonkeypoints.第54頁，共73頁。21Secrets#5Silenceisagreattool.第55頁，共73頁。21Secrets#6Overprepareev