39/60第01講閱讀7選5——說明文目錄01TOC\o"1-3"\h\u202體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 303核心突破·靶向攻堅 4考點一考查標題句 4知識點標題句的特征及解題技巧 4考向突破考查標題句 4考點二考查段首句 8知識點段首句的特征及解題技巧 9考向突破考查段首句 9考點三考查段中句 14知識點段中句的特征及解題技巧 14考向突破考查段中句 15考點四考查段尾句 18知識點段尾句的特征及解題技巧 18考向突破考查段尾句 19考點五做7選5閱讀常用的技巧 231.利用詞匯關(guān)系解題 232.利用一致關(guān)系解題 233.利用邏輯關(guān)系解題 230431閱讀7選5之說明文年份卷別體裁類別主題段首段中段尾選項特指字數(shù)2025全國I卷記敘文人與社會熱愛事業(yè)的咖啡館員工41完整句254+85全國II卷說明文人與社會一家人一起參加志愿服務(wù)221完整句247+832024新課標I卷說明文人與自我使用英語詞典的心得140完整句273+61新課標II卷說明文人與社會如何避免過度性旅游131完整句259+522023新課標I卷說明文人與自我學(xué)會自我原諒的辦法041完整句247+82新課標II卷說明文人與社會開啟藝術(shù)之旅的建議131完整句261+632022新課標I卷說明文人與社會如何找到健身伙伴041完整句257+76新課標II卷說明文人與社會寫文章好修改技巧140完整句237+742021新課標I卷記敘文人與社會巴黎一周生活經(jīng)歷140完整句270+83新課標II卷說明文人與社會提高閱讀速度建議122完整句250+752020新課標I卷記敘文人與社會公開演講的一些原則131完整句235+73考情分析：1．從命題內(nèi)容上看，高考命題主要從以下幾方面考查：話題與當代社會生活緊密相關(guān)、人文氣息濃厚，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)愛自我、關(guān)愛社會、熱愛生活。2．從命題思路上看：體裁以說明文、記敘文為主。題型以段中句為主，段首句和段尾句為輔。語篇模式也較為固定：依次是提出問題、分析問題、最后是提供解決方案；主要考查考生的做題技能和整體閱讀判斷能力，注重考查文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。預(yù)計2026年說明文考查的可能性最大。復(fù)習(xí)過程中要熟練掌握說明文的命題特點和解題方法，做到成功應(yīng)對說明文閱讀填空。復(fù)習(xí)目標1.掌握說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和命題形式。2.掌握說明文閱讀填空的解題思路和技巧?？键c一考查標題句知識點標題句的特征及解題技巧1.應(yīng)當首先觀察其他段落標題的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)已有小標題的句式特征，則可迅速縮小選擇范圍。標題應(yīng)當短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動名詞或祈使句。2.根據(jù)小標題下面的內(nèi)容，進一步確定小標題選項的準確性。小標題一定要它后面的內(nèi)容保持一致。1.解題技巧：段落標題句：1.觀察其他段落標題的表達形式；2.段落標題句的特點：短小且語言精煉，以祈使句或短句為主；3.閱讀段落內(nèi)容，提煉中心句，留意體現(xiàn)主旨的原詞、同源詞、同義詞、近義詞或反義詞。2.思維方法：考向考查標題句例1(2025年1月?浙江卷)Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.36There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertocommunicatemoreeffectively.Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.37Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.39Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.40

Buildingeffectivecommunicationskillstakestime,buttheeffectsareworththeeffort.A．Bepatient.B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【思維過程】●39空為小標題句，觀察其他小標題句的特征，它們都是祈使句?！襁x項定位7個選項中有3個是祈使句ABD→看小標題下面的內(nèi)容→①contributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers（貢獻自己的想法，或在向他人解釋新概念和政策方面發(fā)揮作用）②Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills讓他們主持討論和會議，以發(fā)展他們的溝通技巧→B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.●故選B39.【答案】B【解析】本題考查小標題，根據(jù)后文“Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.(要求聽眾貢獻自己的想法，或參與向他人解釋新的概念和政策。讓他們能夠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)討論和會議，以發(fā)展他們的溝通技巧)”表示讓聽眾參與到互動演講之中，B選項“讓觀眾參與進來”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選B。例2（2023年全國乙卷）D篇UnexpectedBenefitsofVolunteeringasaFamilyAreyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?___16___Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily.●You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.Peopleoftenfeeltheyaretoobusytovolunteer.Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.___17___●Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.___18___WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.●___19___Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.●You’llhavemoretimewithfamily.Familieswhovolunteertogetherhavetheuniqueexperienceofworkingtowardacommongoal.___20___Everyonebringssomethinguniquetothetableandcanconnectwitheachotherinanewway.And,therearetasksforeveryageandability,soallyourchildrencanfeelproudoftheirwork.A.Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn’tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.C20.F【思維過程】●19空為小標題句，觀察其他小標題句的特征，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項中沒有和它相似結(jié)構(gòu)句子?！窨葱祟}19空下面的內(nèi)容→Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.這些影響不僅僅是短期的，而且已經(jīng)被證明會影響青少年未來的幸?！鷄ren’tjustshort-term；affect同義表達lifelongeffect→C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.●故選C19.C根據(jù)下文“Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectteen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.(青少年時期參與志愿服務(wù)已被證實與一些重要的積極影響相關(guān)，例如成績提升和自信心增強。這些影響并非只是短期的，而是已被證明會在未來數(shù)年持續(xù)影響青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主題為志愿活動對青少年的長期影響。C選項“Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.(志愿活動對兒童和青少年有終身影響)”中的“l(fā)ifelongeffect”對應(yīng)“affectteen’swell-beingintheyearstocome”，“onkidsandteenagers”覆蓋段落討論的年齡群體，符合段落主旨。故選C項?！咀兪接?xùn)練·變載體】2.（2024·新高考II卷）OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.So,shouldwestoptraveling?Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.Travelforyouandnooneelse.●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●4Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E．Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F．You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G．Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.4.【答案】A【解析】本題考查小標題，根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過跳過重大節(jié)假日或高峰時間來最小化影響并最大化體驗)”表示旅游時要注意避開高峰期，選擇合適的時間，A選項“在非高峰時間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A?？键c二考查段首句首先應(yīng)當采取形似原則，觀察與其他段落首句是否出現(xiàn)相同結(jié)構(gòu)，一般考查祈使句的相同結(jié)構(gòu)居多。其次應(yīng)當研讀上一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是上一段結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，看選項是否符合邏輯上的緊密銜接。段首題具有鮮明的語言特征，要么是段落標題句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主題句。1.段落小標題：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且語言精煉2.段落主題句：段落主旨概括性，與其它段落承上啟下設(shè)空在段首——思考是“段落主題句”還是“承上啟下句”1.把握形似，確定段落標題句2.根據(jù)一致，確定段落主題句3.瞻前顧后，確定段落過渡句考向考查段首句例1(2024·新課標I卷第38題)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.37Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.…38Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.……A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思維過程】●38空為段首句?！窨炊问拙?8空下面的內(nèi)容→Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.→aprecisedefinition、differentiatingitfromotherwords、alsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced→E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.→詞典不僅僅是幫助拼寫、還給出定義、給出區(qū)別、展示發(fā)音→E引出下文和后文是并列關(guān)系●故選E【答案】E【解析】38.下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開來。它通常還會顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當然，字典不僅僅是用來拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項。例2（2024年1月?浙江卷·閱讀七選五節(jié)選）40Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A．Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B．Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C．Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D．ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E．Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F．Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G．Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思維過程】●40空為段首句?！窨炊问拙?0空下面的內(nèi)容→Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.→socialconnection、motivateeachother、theclassdiscussion、organizeastudygroup→互動的內(nèi)容→E．Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.→humaninteraction人們間的互動●故選E【答案】E【解析】設(shè)空處位于段首，此處是提出問題，后文解決問題Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem。由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社會關(guān)系通常是學(xué)習(xí)的重要組成部分。你可以做一些事情來緩解這個問題。本科生杰西卡·平克建議和朋友一起參加在線課程，這樣你們就可以互相激勵，堅持下去。你也可以在課堂討論板上找到學(xué)生，組織一個學(xué)習(xí)小組，或者安排與教授面對面的會議，討論課程概念)”可知，本空要說跟“人們之間的互動”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項“Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(對在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E?！咀兪接?xùn)練·變載體】（2025·重慶市渝中區(qū)巴蜀中學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期3月適應(yīng)性月考（六））HowtoUseYourInnerVoiceWeallhaveaninnervoice,andwhileitcanbesupportive,itcanalsobecomeoverlycritical.Thegoodnews:1Herearethreescience-backedstrategiestorefine(改善)yourinnerdialogue,inspiredbythegroundbreakingworkofpsychologistEthanKross.DistancingOurselvesfromNegativeThoughts2Kross’sresearchonself-distancingoffersapowerfulsolution.Byreferringtoyourselfinthethirdpersonorusingyourownname,youcreatepsychologicaldistancewhichreducesemotionalreactivity.Forinstance,insteadofthinking,“I’mfailing”,trytellingyourself,“[AddYourName],you’relearningthroughthischallenge.”Thissimpleshiftcanhelpyouapproachproblemswithclarityandobjectivity.InnerCoachvs.InnerCritic3Ithelpsusplan,solveproblems,andmotivateourselves.Butitcanalsomakeusmoreanxiousandhurtourrelationships.Krossrecommendsthatweshouldmakethemostofitsgoodpointswhilekeepingitsbadonesincheck.Whenyou’refacedwithself-criticism,tryshiftingtoyourinnercoachforguidance.Theseslightchangesinhowwetalktoourselvescanlowerourstressandhelpussolveproblemsbetter.GrowingthroughPositiveSelf-DialogueBuildingaconstructiveinnervoicerequirespractice.Justbeforebed,journalaboutamomentwherepositiveself-talkhelpedyou.4Overtime,thishabitcanhelpreinforceagrowthmindsetandprepareyoutotacklechallengeswithmoreconfidence.ConclusionBypracticingself-distancing,reframingcriticism,andreflectingonpositivemoments,youcanturnyourinnervoiceintoasourceofstrengthandclarity.5A．Ourinnervoicecutsbothways.B．Feelingoverwhelmedbyyourinnercritic?C．Talkingtoyourselfempoweredyouduringtoughtimes.D．Self-talkcanbetransformedintoatoolforgrowthandsuccess.E．Wecanlearntoidentifynegativethoughtpatternsandavoidthem.F．Starttoday—becauseyourinnervoiceshapeshowyoushowupintheworld.G．Reflectonhowitshapedyourresponseandwhatyoucancarryintotomorrow.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．G5．F【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何改善內(nèi)心聲音的三個策略。1．上文“Weallhaveaninnervoice,andwhileitcanbesupportive,itcanalsobecomeoverlycritical.Thegoodnews:(我們都有一個內(nèi)心的聲音，雖然它可能是支持的，但它也可能變得過于挑剔。好消息是：)”說明我們內(nèi)心的聲音有時候好有時候過于挑剔，但好消息是不好的內(nèi)心聲音可以避免，選項D“自我對話可以轉(zhuǎn)化為成長和成功的工具?！背薪由衔?，是對上文好消息的解釋，故選D項。2．下文“Kross’sresearchonself-distancingoffersapowerfulsolution.(克羅斯關(guān)于自我疏遠的研究提供了一個強有力的解決方案)”說明是在對存在的問題進行解決，并且是關(guān)于內(nèi)在批評的，選項B“感覺被你內(nèi)心的批評者壓倒了嗎”引出下文，先提出問題，再提供解決方案。故選B項。3．下文“Ithelpsusplan,solveproblems,andmotivateourselves.Butitcanalsomakeusmoreanxiousandhurtourrelationships.(它幫助我們計劃，解決問題和激勵自己。但它也會讓我們更加焦慮，傷害我們的關(guān)系)”說明內(nèi)在的聲音可以起到好壞兩方面的作用，選項A“我們內(nèi)心的聲音是雙向的。”引出下文，是對下文的總結(jié)，故選A項。4．上文“Justbeforebed,journalaboutamomentwherepositiveself-talkhelpedyou.(睡前，記錄一下積極的自我對話對你有幫助的時刻)”說明睡前要反思，記下積極的自我對話對你有幫助的時刻，選項G“反思它是如何塑造你的反應(yīng)的，以及你明天可以做些什么?！背薪由衔?，睡前除了記錄積極的自我對話對你有幫助的時刻，還要反思它是如何塑造你的反應(yīng)的，并引出下文“Overtime,thishabitcanhelpreinforceagrowthmindsetandprepareyoutotacklechallengeswithmoreconfidence.(隨著時間的推移，這個習(xí)慣可以幫助你加強成長的心態(tài)，讓你更自信地應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn))”。故選G項。5．上文“Bypracticingself-distancing,reframingcriticism,andreflectingonpositivemoments,youcanturnyourinnervoiceintoasourceofstrengthandclarity.(通過練習(xí)自我疏遠，重新審視批評，反思積極的時刻，你可以把你內(nèi)心的聲音變成力量和清晰的源泉)”說明通過一些做法，把內(nèi)心的聲音轉(zhuǎn)變成力量，選項F“從今天開始——因為你內(nèi)心的聲音決定了你在這個世界上的表現(xiàn)?！背薪由衔?，從今天開始堅持這些具體做法，強調(diào)內(nèi)心聲音的重要性。故選F項?！咀兪接?xùn)練】（2025·湖北省十一校高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考）We’veallexperiencedthefrustrationofforgettingwhatwestudiedyesterday.Butmemoryisn’tjustaboutnaturaltalent.It’saskillwecanimprovewithsmartstrategies.Ourbrainsnaturallyscreeninformation.Weforget70%ofnewknowledgewithin24hoursifwedon’treviewit.Yourbrainservesasalibrary.Wheneveryourevisitinformation,you’replacingitonamoreaccessibleshelf.Astudentwhoreviewsmathformulas(公式)rightafterclass,thenbeforebed,andoncemoreafterthreedayswillfindthemeasiertorecallduringexams.12Whenrecitingwordslike“photosynthesis”,simplyrepeatingthespellingoftenfailsquickly.Instead,picturesunlighthittinggreenleaveswhilereadingabiologytextbook.Thiscombinestext,imagery,andreal-worldmeaning,activatingmultiplebrainareasatonce.Similarly,linking“pineapple”to“pinetreewithapples”createsafunnymentalimagehardtoforgetforlong.Sleepandcalmmindsaresecretweaponsformemory.Duringdeepsleep,thebrainreorganizesdaytimelearninglikealibrariansortingbooks.Researchshowsstudentswith7-8hoursofsleepremember40%morehistoryfactsthanthosewhostayuplate.3Takingslowbreathscanprotectyourmental“l(fā)ibrary”.Activepracticebeatspassivereading.Insteadofmechanicallyrereadingnotes,transformheadingsintoself-testquestions:“4”Thisforcesyourbraintosearchinformation,strengtheningmemorypathways.Explainingconceptstofriends,liketeachingaclassmatehowtosolveequations,usesspeechandlogictodeepenunderstanding.5Byspacingoutreviews,creatingvividmentalconnections,andcaringforyourbrain’sneeds,youcanturntemporaryknowledgeintolifelongwisdom—onesmall,steadystepatatime.A．HowdoIusethisgrammarruleinwriting?B．This“spacedrepetition”makesmemoriesstick.C．Forgettingisacommonhumanconditionwithoutexception.D．Contextturnsweakanduncertainmemoriesintopermanentones.E．Memorymasteryisnotaboutstudyinglongerbutstudyingsmarter.F．Improvingmemoryismorefocusedonholdingontowhatreallycounts.G．Feelingstressed,however,floodsthebrainwithchemicalsthatdamagememory.【答案】1．B2．D3．G4．A5．E【解析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一些提高記憶力的有效策略，包括定期復(fù)習(xí)、運用聯(lián)想記憶、保證睡眠和保持冷靜、主動練習(xí)等。1．根據(jù)上文“Astudentwhoreviewsmathformulas(公式)rightafterclass,thenbeforebed,andoncemoreafterthreedayswillfindthemeasiertorecallduringexams.(如果一個學(xué)生在課后、睡前、三天后再復(fù)習(xí)一遍數(shù)學(xué)公式，他會發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試時更容易記住。)”提到學(xué)生課后、睡前和三天后復(fù)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)公式的例子，說明了間隔復(fù)習(xí)的方法。B選項“This“spacedrepetition”makesmemoriesstick.(這種“間隔重復(fù)”能讓記憶更牢固。)”中的“spacedrepetition”與前文的復(fù)習(xí)方法相呼應(yīng)，總結(jié)了這種間隔復(fù)習(xí)能使記憶留存的作用，故選B項。2．根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“Whenrecitingwordslike“photosynthesis”,simplyrepeatingthespellingoftenfailsquickly.Instead,picturesunlighthittinggreenleaveswhilereadingabiologytextbook.Thiscombinestext,imagery,andreal-worldmeaning,activatingmultiplebrainareasatonce.Similarly,linking“pineapple”to“pinetreewithapples”createsafunnymentalimagehardtoforgetforlong.(當背誦像“光合作用”這樣的單詞時，簡單地重復(fù)拼寫往往很快就會失敗。相反，在閱讀生物教科書時，想象陽光照射在綠葉上。它結(jié)合了文本、圖像和現(xiàn)實世界的含義，同時激活了大腦的多個區(qū)域。同樣，把“菠蘿”和“帶蘋果的松樹”聯(lián)系起來，會產(chǎn)生一種有趣的印象，讓人難以忘懷。)”通過舉例說明將單詞與具體的圖像、實際意義相結(jié)合能更好地記憶，即通過上下文情境來加強記憶。D選項“Contextturnsweakanduncertainmemoriesintopermanentones.(上下文情境將薄弱且不確定的記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為永久的記憶。)”符合該段主旨，總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容，適合作為該段小標題。故選D項。3．根據(jù)上文“Duringdeepsleep,thebrainreorganizesdaytimelearninglikealibrariansortingbooks.Researchshowsstudentswith7-8hoursofsleepremember40%morehistoryfactsthanthosewhostayuplate.(在深度睡眠中，大腦會像圖書管理員整理書籍一樣重新組織白天的學(xué)習(xí)。研究表明，睡眠7-8小時的學(xué)生比那些熬夜的學(xué)生多記住40%的歷史事實。)”提到睡眠對記憶的好處，該段主題是睡眠和冷靜的頭腦對記憶的作用。G選項“Feelingstressed,however,floodsthebrainwithchemicalsthatdamagememory.(然而，感到壓力會使大腦充斥著損害記憶的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。)”與前文形成對比，說明壓力對記憶的負面影響，強調(diào)了保持冷靜的重要性。故選G項。4．根據(jù)上文“Activepracticebeatspassivereading.

Insteadofmechanicallyrereadingnotes,transformheadingsintoself-testquestions:(主動練習(xí)勝過被動閱讀。不要機械地重讀筆記，把標題變成自我測試的問題：)”提到將標題轉(zhuǎn)化為自我測試問題，A選項“HowdoIusethisgrammarruleinwriting?(我如何在寫作中使用這個語法規(guī)則？)”是一個具體的自我測試問題的例子，符合“將標題轉(zhuǎn)化為自我測試問題”這一策略。故選A項。5．根據(jù)后文“Byspacingoutreviews,creatingvividmentalconnections,andcaringforyourbrain’sneeds,youcanturntemporaryknowledgeintolifelongwisdom—onesmall,steadystepatatime.(通過間隔復(fù)習(xí)，建立生動的精神聯(lián)系，照顧大腦的需要，你可以把暫時的知識變成終身的智慧——一次一小步，一步一步。)”可知，通過這些方法可以將臨時知識轉(zhuǎn)化為終身智慧，強調(diào)的是學(xué)習(xí)方法的重要性。E選項“Memorymasteryisnotaboutstudyinglongerbutstudyingsmarter.(掌握記憶不是在于學(xué)習(xí)時間更長，而是學(xué)習(xí)更明智。)”總結(jié)了全文，強調(diào)了運用有效策略提高記憶力，而不是單純延長學(xué)習(xí)時間。故選E項?？键c三考查段中句設(shè)空處在段中，是文中起到承上啟下作用的句子。具體解題步驟如下：第一步：尋找下句中是否出現(xiàn)人稱代詞或指示代詞，該詞與選項存在指代關(guān)系。第二步：瞻前顧后，關(guān)注段落小標題。同時重點關(guān)注上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否存在如例證、解釋、遞增、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系，尋找表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞或過渡詞。同時，尋找與上句之間是否出現(xiàn)相同或相似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。第二步：將選項代入設(shè)空處，看與上句和下句之間是否符合邏輯。如何應(yīng)對段中句的考查段中設(shè)空題通?？疾檫^渡句和細節(jié)句。段中句若位于主題句后，很可能是說明原因、舉例證明、分述細化主題、解釋前面句中的某個概念等；位于段落中間可能起銜接作用。要重點閱讀空前一句和空后一句，找出它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)意義的連貫性得出答案。解題時要特別注意體現(xiàn)時間、原因、方式、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的語篇標志詞(關(guān)聯(lián)詞)。段中設(shè)空題：①細節(jié)句：設(shè)空位于段中，首先閱讀選項并畫出關(guān)鍵詞；然后重點閱讀設(shè)空處的前一句和后一句，畫出關(guān)鍵詞，找出它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系或根據(jù)意義的連貫性得出答案；閱讀各個選項，標記關(guān)鍵詞；比較匹配關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案；利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)找到答案；利用表并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進和因果的關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞找到答案。②過渡句：閱讀空處前后內(nèi)容，挖掘內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系；閱讀各個選項，標記表示轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、遞進或因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞；注意詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：同源詞、同義詞、近義詞或反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，不同時態(tài)形式的動詞等。段中設(shè)空考查邏輯關(guān)系段中設(shè)空主要考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。有時會出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞匯或短語結(jié)構(gòu):first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,

這些詞匯和短語結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中起到提示邏輯關(guān)系的作用,是解題時需要重點關(guān)注的部分?？忌鷳?yīng)對常用的邏輯關(guān)系了然于心，并在閱讀時能有效地找出關(guān)鍵信息。?？歼壿嬯P(guān)系如下，①總分關(guān)系：指選項是中心句；②并列關(guān)系：指選項與前句或后句在結(jié)構(gòu)或內(nèi)容上一致；③遞進關(guān)系：指后句對前句進行補充說明或語義上的延伸；④轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；指選項與前句或后句語義相反或相對，后句往往是對前句的修正，表達作者的真正意圖；⑤例證關(guān)系：指后句是前句的具體實例。⑥概括闡釋：指前句對后句或后句對前句進行歸納概括，若前句歸納，后句即是對前句的具體闡釋，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是對前句所闡釋的內(nèi)容進行意義整合；⑦因果關(guān)系：指選項與前后句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。考向考查段中句例1（2025?浙江新高考卷·閱讀填空節(jié)選）Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.A．Bepatient.B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【思維過程】●38空為段中句。●看段中句38空下文的內(nèi)容→However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他們是第一次聽到這些)→上句和這個句子內(nèi)容構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系→G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.→forthefirsttime與already→表現(xiàn)出了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系●故選G【答案】G【解析】38．下文“However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他們是第一次聽到這些)”與設(shè)空句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G選項“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.(作為演講者，你已經(jīng)知道你要說什么了)”與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，演講者自己熟悉內(nèi)容，但聽眾是初次接觸，同時，句中“whatyou’regoingtosay”與下文中指示代詞“it”構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系，上下文邏輯連貫。故選G項。例2（2024年新高考I卷）ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思維過程】●40空為段中句。●看段中句40空上文的內(nèi)容→“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個定義時寫道：“編字典是件無聊的工作(乏味)?！?→下文內(nèi)容Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時間瀏覽一兩頁是一種有益的體驗。)→選項內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，和下文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。→D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.→dull和pleasure轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but→apleasuretoread和castingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience是順承關(guān)系?！窆蔬xD【答案】D【解析】本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。上文““Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個定義時寫道：“編字典是件無聊的工作(乏味)?！?”提到了編寫字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時間瀏覽一兩頁是一種有益的體驗。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂趣，D選項“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典讀起來是一種樂趣。)”是作者對字典的評價，與上文的“乏味”形成對比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項。【變式訓(xùn)練·變載體】（2025·福建省高中畢業(yè)班3月適應(yīng)模擬）Patternsarerepeatedbehaviorsthatshapeourdailylives.Wefollowthemwhenwesticktothesamemorningroutine,reactsimilarlytostress,orfacethesameconflictswithothers.1Thekeyisknowingwhichtokeepandwhichtobreak.Harmfulpatterns,likesurfingthroughsocialmediaforhoursoravoidingdifficulttasks,formbecauseourbrainsprefereasyandfamiliaractions.2Tobreaksuchcycles,startsmall:replaceonebadhabitwithapositiveactivity,setcleardailygoals,andaskfriendstosupportyourefforts.Evengoodpatternscanbecomeproblemsifweneverupdatethem.Astudymethodthatworkedinhighschoolmightnotsuitcollegecourses.Stayingtoolongwithoutdatedroutineslimitsourabilitytoadapt.3Peoplewhorefreshtheirhabitsregularlytendtosolveproblemsfasterandthinkmorecreatively.Trythis:everyfewmonths,reviewyourroutines.Askyourself,“Isthisstillworking?Couldtherebeabetterway?”4AsWaltDisneysaid,“Progressneedschange.”Breakingpatternsfeelsuncomfortableatfirst,butstayingstuckinunhelpfulhabitscostsmoreovertime.Beginwithmanageablesteps:wakeup30minutesearlier,tryanewhobby,orwritedownyourthoughtsbeforemakingdecisions.Eachchangeweakensunhelpfulpatternsandbuildsconfidencetotacklebiggerchallenges.5Keepthosethathelpyougrow,butdon’tletthembecomecages.Bybalancingusefulroutineswiththecouragetotrynewthings,wecreatespaceforbothstabilityandprogress.Trackyourhabits,staycurious,andnote