高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省云浮市2025屆高三下學(xué)期第二次調(diào)研模擬測(cè)試英語試題第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANATIONALGEOGRAPHICTheStoriesBehind3ofthePhotosfromOurPicturesoftheYearEachyear,NationalGeographicwillpublishaspecialissuetoshowcasesomeoftheimpressiveimagestakenaroundtheglobetocelebratethehigh-qualityphotography.Thisyear,49wereselectedasthebestphotosoftheyearoutofmillionsofimages,andthephotoeditorsgiveaglimpsebehindthescenesof3imagesincludedin2024PicturesoftheYearannualspecialissue.Qanaaq,Greenland//KiliiiYüyanPhotographerKiliiiYüyanisnostrangertodocumentingthedailylivesofnativepeoplesandtheissuestheyfacearoundtheworld.HecommitshimselftocapturingsurprisinganduniqueimagesforeachstorywhilehiscolleagueMalloryhasquitintheirtracks.Inhisstory,twocousinspushstrollers(嬰兒車)acrossasnowyplaininGreenlandontheirwaytoannualdogsledraces.Thestoryitselfchallengesreaderstothinkabouthowtotreattheirecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))withoutdestroyingitandgivesmoreinsightintothedailylivesofInuitwomen.CanaryIslands,Spain//CarstenPeterIt’shardtocapturethespeed,texture,andsenseofdangeroflava(巖漿)flowingfromavolcaniceruption,butthat’swhatphotographerCarstenPeterachievedwiththisimage.Hedocumentedthe85-dayeruptionforNationalGeographic,andthenreturnedtofocusonthedamageandonthescientificfieldworkthathadbeendoneoncetheslow-movinglavahadcooled.Minneriya,SriLanka//BrentStirtonPhotographerprovidedawindowintotheseanimals’lives,whichshehopeswillincreaseawarenessandstirupsympathy(同情)throughthephoto.TheimagewastoughtocapturenotonlybecauseStirtonneededtogetclosetothewildanimalsfortheframebutalsobecauseitwasachallengingtimetoworkinSriLanka.Thegovernmentwasfallingapartineconomiccrisis.“Ithinkthere’sanopportunitytoshowpeopleasideofanimalstheymayhavenotseenbefore,”shesays.Formorepicturesandstories,pleaseclick:.1.Whoseimagecaresaboutpeople’slife?A.Mallory’s. B.CarstenPeter’s.C.KiliiiYüyan’s. D.BrentStirton’s.2.Whatsharedfeaturesdothesethreepictureshave?A.Theyalltakeeffortsandpatience.B.Theyareallabouttheenvironment.C.Theyallprovideawindowintoanimals’lives.D.Theyallmakeadifferencetoscientificfieldwork.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Ageographymagazine. B.Anacademicarticle.C.Aphotographymanual. D.Aphotographywebsite.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了國(guó)家地理雜志評(píng)選出的年度最佳照片，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了其中三張照片背后的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Qanaaq,Greenland部分中的“PhotographerKiliiiYüyanisnostrangertodocumentingthedailylivesofnativepeoplesandtheissuestheyfacearoundtheworld.(攝影師KiliiiYüyan對(duì)記錄土著人民的日常生活以及他們?cè)谑澜绺鞯孛媾R的問題并不陌生)”可知，KiliiiYüyan的照片關(guān)心人們的生活。故選C。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Qanaaq,Greenland部分中的“HecommitshimselftocapturingsurprisinganduniqueimagesforeachstorywhilehiscolleagueMalloryhasquitintheirtracks.(他致力于為每個(gè)故事捕捉令人驚訝和獨(dú)特的圖像，而他的同事Mallory已經(jīng)退出了他們的軌道)”、CanaryIslands,Spain部分中的“Hedocumentedthe85-dayeruptionforNationalGeographic,thenreturnedtofocusonthedamageandonthescientificfieldworkthathadbeendoneoncetheslow-movinglavahadcooled.(他為《國(guó)家地理》雜志記錄了85天的火山噴發(fā)，然后又把注意力集中在破壞和緩慢移動(dòng)的熔巖冷卻后所做的科學(xué)實(shí)地調(diào)查上)”以及Minneriya,SriLanka部分中的“TheimagewastoughtocapturenotonlybecauseStirtonneededtogetclosetothewildanimalsfortheframebutalsobecauseitwasachallengingtimetoworkinSriLanka.(這張照片很難拍攝，不僅因?yàn)镾tirton需要近距離拍攝野生動(dòng)物，還因?yàn)樵谒估锾m卡工作是一個(gè)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)期)”可知，每張照片都描述了攝影師為了捕捉這些獨(dú)特瞬間所付出的努力，因此這些都需要攝影師付出大量的努力和耐心。故選A。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Thisyear,49wereselectedasthebestphotosoftheyearoutofmillionsofimages,andthephotoeditorsgiveaglimpsebehindthescenesof3imagesincludedin2024PicturesoftheYearannualspecialissue.(今年，從數(shù)百萬張圖片中選出了49張年度最佳照片，照片編輯們將一窺2024年度圖片特刊中3張圖片的幕后)”可知，這篇文章介紹了《國(guó)家地理》雜志評(píng)選出的年度最佳照片，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了其中三張照片背后的故事，再結(jié)合最后一段“Formorepicturesandstories,pleaseclick:.(更多圖片和故事，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊)”可知，文章選自攝影網(wǎng)站。故選D。BScientistshavesuccessfullyrecoveredRNA,aformofgeneticmaterial,fromtheremainsoftheTasmaniantiger,anextinctAustraliananimal.ThediscoverycouldhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthesecreaturesbeforetheydisappearedfromEarth.TheresearchersextractedtherecoveredRNAfromtheskinandmuscleofaTasmaniantigerspecimen(標(biāo)本)storedinaSwedishmuseumsince1891.ThisisthefirsttimeRNAhasbeensuccessfullyrecoveredfromanextinctanimal.TheTasmaniantigerwasonceatoppredator,knownforhuntingkangaroosandotheranimals.ThelastknownTasmaniantigerisbelievedtohavediedinaTasmanianzooin1936.EmilioMármolSánchez,fromtheCentreforPalaeogenetics,ledthestudydescribingtheseresearchresults.SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.WhileScientistshaveinrecentyearstakenRNAfromdifferentancientanimalsandplants,howlongRNAcouldsurviveatroomtemperaturehasbeenasubjectofdebateamongresearchers.Thewell-preservedconditionoftheTasmaniantigerremains,whichwereinastateofsemi-mummification(半木乃伊化),suggeststhatRNAcansurviveforlongerperiodsundercertainconditions.TheTasmaniantigerlookedsimilartoawolf,exceptforthetiger-likelinesappearingonitsback.WhenpeoplearrivedinAustraliaabout50,000yearsago,largeanimalpopulationlossesfollowed.ThearrivalofEuropeancolonizersinthe18thcenturydestroyedtheremainingpopulationsaroundtheislandofTasmania.Private“de-extinction”programshavebeenlaunchedwiththeaimofbringingbacksomeextinctanimals.TheseincludetheTasmaniantiger,flightlessdodobirdandwoolymammoth.However,manyresearchershavewarnedaboutthedifficultiesofusinggeneticprocessestoactuallyrecreateanextinctspecies.WhileSánchezsaidhetoohasconcernsaboutsuchprocesses,henotedthathedoes“advocateformoreresearchonthebiologyoftheseextinctanimals.”4.WhatcanbegainedaboutTasmaniantigersfromtherecoveredRNAmaterial?A.Thegeneticmakeup. B.Thesocialbehavior.C.Thepreferredhabitats. D.Themigrationpatterns.5.WhatmayscientistsstronglyargueaboutregardingRNA?A.ItscloserelationshiptoDNA.B.Itsrecoveryfromanextinctanimal.C.Itssurvivaltimeatroomtemperature.D.Itslifeprocessundercertainconditions.6.WhatisSánchez’sopiniononde-extinctionprograms?A.Heconsidersitimpossibletorecreateextinctspecies.B.Heopposesthemandseesdifficultiesintheresearch.C.Hethinkstheyarepromisingbutneedmoreresearch.D.Hetakesgeneticpreservationmeasuresmoreseriously.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheChallengesofBiologicalResearchofExtinctAnimalsB.ThePotentialBenefitsfromTasmanianTigerRemainsC.TheBiologicalSecretsoftheExtinctTasmanianTigerD.TheRecoveryofRNAfromTasmanianTigerRemains【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們成功地從已滅絕的塔斯馬尼亞虎的遺骸中找回了RNA，更好地了解了這種動(dòng)物的組織和細(xì)胞，并補(bǔ)充了與該研究相關(guān)的“反滅絕”項(xiàng)目的情況。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.(Sánchez認(rèn)為，找回的RNA材料提供了對(duì)塔斯馬尼亞虎的真實(shí)生物學(xué)的一瞥，提供了對(duì)這些滅絕生物的細(xì)胞和組織的見解)”可知，從找回的RNA材料中可以了解塔斯馬尼亞虎的生物細(xì)胞和組織，即基因構(gòu)造情況。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhileScientistshaveinrecentyearstakenRNAfromdifferentancientanimalsandplants,howlongRNAcouldsurviveatroomtemperaturehasbeenasubjectofdebateamongresearchers.(雖然近年來科學(xué)家們從不同的古代動(dòng)植物中提取了RNA，但RNA在室溫下能存活多久一直是研究人員爭(zhēng)論的話題)”可知，科學(xué)家們強(qiáng)烈爭(zhēng)論的是RNA在室溫下的存活時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.(Sánchez認(rèn)為，找回的RNA材料提供了對(duì)塔斯馬尼亞虎的真實(shí)生物學(xué)的一瞥，提供了對(duì)這些滅絕生物的細(xì)胞和組織的見解)”和最后一段中“WhileSánchezsaidhetoohasconcernsaboutsuchprocesses,henotedthathedoes“advocateformoreresearchonthebiologyoftheseextinctanimals.”(雖然Sánchez表示他也對(duì)這些過程感到擔(dān)憂，但他指出，他確實(shí)“主張對(duì)這些滅絕動(dòng)物的生物學(xué)進(jìn)行更多研究”)”可知，Sánchez認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究可以幫助人們了解塔斯馬尼亞虎的真實(shí)生物學(xué)情況，并主張對(duì)滅絕動(dòng)物開展更多研究。由此可知，他會(huì)認(rèn)為這些“反滅絕”項(xiàng)目很有前景，但需要更多的研究。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們成功地從已滅絕的塔斯馬尼亞虎的遺骸中找回了RNA，更好地了解了這種動(dòng)物的組織和細(xì)胞，此外還補(bǔ)充了與此相關(guān)的“反滅絕”項(xiàng)目的情況。結(jié)合第一段“ScientistshavesuccessfullyrecoveredRNA,aformofgeneticmaterial,fromtheremainsoftheTasmaniantiger,anextinctAustraliananimal.ThediscoverycouldhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthesecreaturesbeforetheydisappearedfromEarth.(科學(xué)家們成功地從一種已滅絕的澳大利亞動(dòng)物塔斯馬尼亞虎的遺骸中恢復(fù)了RNA，這是一種遺傳物質(zhì)。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助科學(xué)家在這些生物從地球上消失之前更多地了解它們)”可知，D項(xiàng)“從塔斯馬尼亞虎遺骸中找回RNA”契合文章主旨，最適合作為標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。CRecently,researchersinBostonstudiedstudentslivingincollegedormsduringaheatwave.Somehadcentralair-conditioningandsleptatacool71degreesFahrenheit.Otherssleptinroomswithoutair-conditioning,wherethetemperaturestayedaround80degreesFahrenheit.Eachmorningfornearlytwoweeks,thestudentstookafewtests.“Theeffectonthesecondgroupwasreallystriking,”saysstudyauthorCede?oLaurent,“andthat’sexactlywhatheatappearstobedoing.Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.”Partofthiseffectmaybeexplainedbyinterruptedsleep.Itcanbehardtogetagoodnight’srestifyou’renotaccustomedtotheheat,andalackofsleepcouldcertainlyimpairreactiontimeandfocus.Butthere’smuchevidencesuggestingitmaybesomethingabouttheheatitselfthataffectscognition(認(rèn)知).A2021studyshowedthatasthetemperaturerose,activityintheparasympatheticnervoussystem,theanti-stresssystemthatcanhelpusstaycalmandrelaxed,waslowered.Multiplefactorslikelyexplainhowheatworsenstherisks,beyondchangesinstresshormones(激素)andsleepdisturbances.Researcherssuggestthatheatcanmakeyoumoodyorangry,partlyperhapsbyraisingcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levelsandcausingastressresponse.Plus,oxygensaturation(飽和)levelsinthebloodareloweraswell,whichtheresearcherssaidcouldbeexpectedtoresultinreducedcognitiveperformance.Otherstudieshavefoundaneffectfromheatonofficeworkersandonstandardizedtestscoreperformance.“Aswelearntoliveinawarmingworldwherethesummersaregettinghotter,weneedtobeextrawatchfultorecognizewhenconditionsaredangerousandtakestepstostaysafe,”saysCalebDresser,whoservesasthedirectorofhealthcaresolutionsattheHarvardChanCentreforClimate,HealthandGlobalEnvironment.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromLaurent’swords?A.Hightemperaturemayincreaseproductivity. B.Air-conditionersplayavitalroleinthetests.C.Peoplereactdifferentlytoafixedtemperature. D.Studentsinthehotterroomsperformedworse.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”mean?A.Expose. B.Influence. C.Worsen. D.Reflect.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Academiclearningiscloselylinkedtoweather. B.Heatcanslowcognitionandincreaseanxiety.C.Poorcognitiveperformancecanbeimproved. D.Badweatherresultsinreducedproductivity.11.WhatdoesCalebDresserimply?A.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoheat. B.Humansareexposedtoglobalwarming.C.Somethingmustbedonetostaycool. D.Heat-basedresearchisindemand.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，高溫環(huán)境對(duì)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，這種影響可能不僅是睡眠被打擾所致，還可能與高溫本身對(duì)認(rèn)知能力產(chǎn)生的影響有關(guān)。其他研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的結(jié)果：高溫對(duì)辦公室工作人員和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績(jī)都有負(fù)面影響。文章最后引述專家的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在變暖的世界中我們應(yīng)當(dāng)更加重視高溫對(duì)健康的影響，并采取相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中““Theeffectonthesecondgroupwasreallystriking,”saysstudyauthorCede?oLaurent,“andthat’sexactlywhatheatappearstobedoing.Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.”(研究作者Cede?oLaurent說：“對(duì)第二組的影響非常顯著，這正是熱量所起的作用。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的反應(yīng)時(shí)間和準(zhǔn)確性都減少了10%?！?”可推知，學(xué)生在較熱的房間中表現(xiàn)較差。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.(我們看到他們的反應(yīng)時(shí)間和準(zhǔn)確性都減少了10%)”以及第二段中“Itcanbehardtogetagoodnight’srestifyou’renotaccustomedtotheheat,andalackofsleepcouldcertainly”可知，一個(gè)人如果不習(xí)慣高溫，晚上很難睡個(gè)好覺，且睡眠不足肯定會(huì)對(duì)反應(yīng)時(shí)間和注意力有不好的影響。因此，impair在這里的意思是“惡化”，即，高溫環(huán)境對(duì)學(xué)生的反應(yīng)時(shí)間和專注力有不好的影響。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Multiplefactorslikelyexplainhowheatworsenstherisks,beyondchangesinstresshormones(激素)andsleepdisturbances.Researcherssuggestthatheatcanmakeyoumoodyorangry,partlyperhapsbyraisingcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levelsandcausingastressresponse.Plus,oxygensaturation(飽和)levelsinthebloodareloweraswell,whichtheresearcherssaidcouldbeexpectedtoresultinreducedcognitiveperformance.Otherstudieshavefoundaneffectfromheatonofficeworkersandonstandardizedtestscoreperformance.(除了壓力荷爾蒙的變化和睡眠障礙之外，還有很多因素可以解釋高溫如何加劇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究人員表示，高溫會(huì)讓你情緒低落或生氣，部分原因可能是皮質(zhì)醇水平升高，導(dǎo)致壓力反應(yīng)。此外，血液中的氧飽和度水平也較低，研究人員表示，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知能力下降。其他研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了高溫對(duì)辦公室職員和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績(jī)的影響)”可知，第三段主要說的是高溫對(duì)認(rèn)知能力和焦慮感的不良影響。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Aswelearntoliveinawarmingworldwherethesummersaregettinghotter,weneedtobeextrawatchfultorecognizewhenconditionsaredangerousandtakestepstostaysafe,”saysCalebDresser,whoservesasthedirectorofhealthcaresolutionsattheHarvardChanCentreforClimate,HealthandGlobalEnvironment.(哈佛大學(xué)陳氣候、健康和全球環(huán)境中心衛(wèi)生保健解決方案主任凱萊布·德萊塞說：“隨著我們學(xué)會(huì)生活在一個(gè)夏季越來越熱的變暖世界，我們需要格外警惕，意識(shí)到情況何時(shí)危險(xiǎn)，并采取措施保持安全。”)”可推知，CalebDresser的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該更加重視高溫的影響，以便采取相應(yīng)的預(yù)防和保護(hù)措施。故選A。DAdvancesinAIandmachinelearninghavesparkedinterestfromgovernmentsthatwouldliketousethesetoolsforpatrolling(巡查)purposefullybeforehandtopreventcrime.However,earlyeffortsatcrimepredictionhavebeencontroversial,becausetheydonotallowforsystematicbiases(偏見)inpoliceenforcementanditscomplexrelationshipwithcrimeandsociety.UniversityofChicago(UC)dataandsocialscientistshavedevelopedanewalgorithm(算法)thatforecastscrimebylearningpatternsintimeandgeographiclocationsfrompublicdataonviolentandpropertycrimes.Ithasdemonstratedsuccessatpredictingfuturecrimesoneweekinadvancewithapproximately90%accuracy.ThenewtoolwastestedandvalidatedusinghistoricaldatafromtheCityofChicagoaroundtwobroadcategoriesofreportedevents:violentcrimesandpropertycrimes.Thenewmodelisolatescrimebylookingatthetimeandspatialcoordinates(坐標(biāo))ofseparateeventsanddetectingpatternstopredictfutureevents.Itdividesthecityintospatialsectionsroughly1,000feetacrossandpredictscrimewithintheseareasinsteadofrelyingontraditionalneighborhoodorpoliticalboundaries,whicharealsosubjecttobias.ThemodelperformedjustaswellwithdatafromsevenotherUScities.IshanuChattopadhyay,seniorauthorofthestudy,iscarefultonotethatthetool’saccuracydoesnotmeanthatitshouldbeusedtodirectlawenforcement,withpolicedepartmentsusingittoflocktoneighborhoodsaheadoftimetostopcrime.Instead,itshouldbeaddedtoatoolboxofurbanpoliciesandpolicingstrategiestoaddresscrime.“Wecreatedadigitaltwinofurbanenvironments.Ifyoufeeditdatafromwhathappenedinthepast,itwilltellyouwhat’sgoingtohappeninfuture.It’snotmagical;therearelimitations,butwetesteditanditworkswell,”Chattopadhyaysaid.“Nowyoucanusethisasamodeltooltoseewhathappensifcrimegoesupinonearea,orthereisincreasedenforcementinanotherarea.Ifyouapplyallthesedifferentdata,youcanseehowthesystemevolvesinresponse.”12.WhatinformationwoulddataandsocialscientistsinUCcollect?A.Periodsoftrafficjams. B.Itemsoflostandfound.C.Theftsandrobberiesonthestreet. D.Casualty(傷亡)intrafficaccidents.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”inParagraph3mean?A.Confirmed. B.Modified. C.Classified. D.Abandoned.14.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewtool.B.Theprinciplesandgoodperformancesofthisnewtool.C.Positivefeedbackfromsomeotherexpertsinthisfield.D.ThehardprocessofChattopadhyay’sdevelopingthistool.15.WhatcanweknowfromChattopadhyay’sopiniononthetool’suse?A.Hedoesnotthinkit’saccurateenoughtoputintouse.B.Thelimitationsaretoberemovedforabetterperformance.C.Thepolicedepartmentcanwhollyrelyonittopreventcriminals.D.Itcanbeofhelpwhentheauthoritymakepoliciesconcerningcrimes.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了芝加哥大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)和社會(huì)科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種新算法，該算法通過從公開的暴力和財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和地理位置模式來預(yù)測(cè)犯罪。它已成功地提前一周預(yù)測(cè)未來犯罪，準(zhǔn)確率約為90%?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“UniversityofChicago(UC)dataandsocialscientistshavedevelopedanewalgorithmthatforecastscrimebylearningpatternsintimeandgeographiclocationsfrompublicdataonviolentandpropertycrimes.(芝加哥大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)和社會(huì)科學(xué)家研發(fā)了一種新算法，該算法通過從公開的暴力和財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和地理位置模式來預(yù)測(cè)犯罪)”可知，芝加哥大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)和社會(huì)科學(xué)家將收集有關(guān)街頭盜竊和搶劫的信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“Thenewtoolwastested(新工具經(jīng)過測(cè)試)”及劃線詞后“usinghistoricaldatafromtheCityofChicagoaroundtwobroadcategoriesofreportedevents:violentcrimesandpropertycrimes.(使用芝加哥市關(guān)于兩大類報(bào)道事件的歷史數(shù)據(jù)：暴力犯罪和財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪)”可推知，該新工具使用芝加哥市關(guān)于暴力犯罪和財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪兩大類報(bào)告事件的歷史數(shù)據(jù)是為了進(jìn)行測(cè)試和驗(yàn)證，故劃線詞與confirmed“證明，證實(shí)”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thenewmodelisolatescrimebylookingatthetimeandspatialcoordinatesofseparateeventsanddetectingpatternstopredictfutureevents.Itdividesthecityintospatialsectionsroughly1,000feetacrossandpredictscrimewithintheseareasinsteadofrelyingontraditionalneighborhoodorpoliticalboundaries,whicharealsosubjecttobias.ThemodelperformedjustaswellwithdatafromsevenotherUScities.(新模型通過觀察單獨(dú)事件的時(shí)間和空間坐標(biāo)，并檢測(cè)模式來預(yù)測(cè)未來事件，從而隔離犯罪。它將城市劃分為大約1000英尺寬的空間區(qū)域，并預(yù)測(cè)這些區(qū)域內(nèi)的犯罪，而不是依賴傳統(tǒng)的社區(qū)或政治邊界，這些邊界也會(huì)受到偏見的影響。該模型與來自美國(guó)其他七個(gè)城市的數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)同樣良好)”可知，第四段主要介紹了這個(gè)新工具的原理和良好的性能。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“IshanuChattopadhyay,seniorauthorofthestudy,iscarefultonotethatthetool’saccuracydoesnotmeanthatitshouldbeusedtodirectlawenforcement,withpolicedepartmentsusingittoflocktoneighborhoodsaheadoftimetostopcrime.Instead,itshouldbeaddedtoatoolboxofurbanpoliciesandpolicingstrategiestoaddresscrime.(該研究的資深作者IshanuChattopadhyay謹(jǐn)慎地指出，該工具的準(zhǔn)確性并不意味著它應(yīng)該用于指導(dǎo)執(zhí)法，警察部門使用它來提前涌向社區(qū)阻止犯罪。相反，它應(yīng)該被添加到城市政策和警務(wù)戰(zhàn)略的工具箱中，以解決犯罪問題)”可知，IshanuChattopadhyay認(rèn)為當(dāng)局制定有關(guān)犯罪的政策時(shí)，這個(gè)工具可能會(huì)有所幫助。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgood,whetherthey’reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants’moodandwell-beingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.____16____Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.____17____Howdoesnatureboostpeople’shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it’snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.____18____Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That’smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisasmartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.____19____Naturally,scientificstudiesdon’tcovereverythingthat’sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors.____20____Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A.What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.B.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtorestfulminivacation.C.Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.D.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.E.Whentheonlylightyou’veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F.Accordingtomanyscientificstudies,there’sagoodchanceit’llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.G.Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.G20.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾項(xiàng)戶外活動(dòng)的好處?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)空后的Forexample可知，空后內(nèi)容是對(duì)該空的舉例說明，所以該空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空處所在段的尾句“Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.(在整個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)過程中，參與者明顯更快樂、更健康……之后的幾個(gè)月也是如此)”可知，該段講述的是在戶外活動(dòng)給參與者帶來的快樂會(huì)持續(xù)很久，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.(更重要的是，人們從大自然得到的提升是持久的)表述的內(nèi)容與舉例說明中的內(nèi)容一致，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.(例如，英國(guó)科學(xué)家研究了“野外30天”運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。它要求人們?cè)?0天內(nèi)與大自然互動(dòng)，享受像喂鳥和種花這樣的樸實(shí)活動(dòng)。在整個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)過程中，參與者明顯更快樂、更健康。之后的幾個(gè)月也是如此)”可知，該段講述的是在戶外活動(dòng)給參與者帶來的快樂，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtorestfulminivacation.(所以，在公園里放松一下有點(diǎn)像給你的大腦放個(gè)小長(zhǎng)假)是對(duì)前面的總結(jié)，符合語境，上下文語意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.(但多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花時(shí)間在大自然中還有一些更令人驚訝的好處，比如提高創(chuàng)造力和解決問題的能力)”中的multiplestudies以及空后句中“Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.(另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸大自然有助于人們?cè)诳荚囍腥〉酶玫某煽?jī))”中的Another可知，該空格處應(yīng)該是關(guān)于在戶外好的相關(guān)研究。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.(一項(xiàng)研究顯示，人們?cè)跒槠谒奶斓穆稜I(yíng)旅行后更擅長(zhǎng)解謎)符合此推斷，講述的為一項(xiàng)關(guān)于戶外好處的研究，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)空格處位于句尾句可知，該空應(yīng)為本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)空前“Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.(一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，花時(shí)間在大自然中可以讓我們的大腦得到休息，從精神疲勞中恢復(fù)過來)”可知，戶外會(huì)讓大腦得到休息，從精神疲勞中恢復(fù)過來。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G項(xiàng)Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.(這意味著無論你是在學(xué)習(xí)還是玩電子游戲，出去讓你的大腦休息一下可能會(huì)幫助你進(jìn)入下一個(gè)階段)中的Thismeans是對(duì)空前內(nèi)容的解釋，結(jié)合句意可知，G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容吻合。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.(從娛樂和鍛煉到快樂和創(chuàng)造力，外出有很多好處)”的recreation相關(guān)的戶外活動(dòng)為全文首次出現(xiàn)可以推斷，此空格處應(yīng)提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.(很多人喜歡戶外活動(dòng)，比如游泳、騎自行車或爬樹)中的funactivities以及其后的舉例內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容一致。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A3-year-oldgirlisbackhomeafteramanfoundherwanderingonthecity’ssouthwestsideearlySundaymorning.Botello,whoworksforVillaPizzaandhassevenchildren,saidhewasinthemiddleofa____21____around3a.m.whenhesawayounggirl____22____aroundtheMcConnellparkinglot.“Irantothedoorandgavepeopletheirfood,”saidBotello.“Iwentbacklookingforherbutfailed,soIdrovearoundforaminute.Withoutfindingher,Istartedpullingintotheparkinglots.”Hefinally____23____thegirlwhowascurled(蜷縮)upbetweentwoblocks,____24____nothingbutaT-shirt,diaper(尿褲),andsocks.Botellowrappedherinahoodie(連帽衫),thencalledthepolice.“Ihadsome____25____inmycar,soshewasdrinkingsomewaterandIrubbedherback,lettingherknowshewasokayandshestartedfallingasleep,”saidBotello.“Shewasso____26____andcold.”Whenofficersarrived,theymanagedtomake____27____withthelittlegirl’smother,whodidn’t____28____shewasmissingandthoughtshewasasleep.It’sunclearhowthegirlgotoutorforhowlong,butthepolicebelieveditwasanaccident.“Icannot____29____howherparentsfeel,butwantthemtogoeasy.Idon’tthinkitwasanything_____30_____;nobodyletsalittlekidout.”saidBotello.“IjustdidwhatIcould.Iassumesomebodywoulddothesameformykids.”Botelloaddedthatratherthancast_____31_____,hehopedthisincidentpushedpeopletooffer_____32_____insomeone’stimeofneed.“Sometimesyouwanttoturna_____33_____eye,butyouneverknowwhoyou’resaving,”saidBotello.“Anybodycouldhave_____34_____thatlittlegirl,there’slotsoffoottrafficoverthere,soI’mgladshe_____35_____madeithomesafe.”21.A.delivery B.training C.dream D.meal22.A.dancing B.running C.drawing D.riding23.A.hit B.missed C.called D.spotted24.A.wearing B.purchasing C.carrying D.begging25.A.money B.water C.clothes D.pizzas26.A.worn-out B.heart-broken C.careless D.cautious27.A.comparison B.trouble C.contact D.peace28.A.admit B.realize C.regret D.cover29.A.bear B.complain C.imagine D.doubt30.A.hopeful B.thankful C.sorrowful D.purposeful31.A.votes B.smiles C.light D.judgment32.A.advice B.help C.praise D.work33.A.critical B.sharp C.blind D.green34.A.pickedup B.turneddown C.laughedat D.lookedafter35.A.proudly B.secretly C.eventually D.hardly【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.B26.A27.C28.B29.C30.D31.D32.B33.C34.A35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。女童凌晨獨(dú)自在外游蕩，幸虧遇到了外賣小哥Botello，最終得以安全回家?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Botello在VillaPizza工作，有七個(gè)孩子，他說，大約凌晨3點(diǎn)左右，他正在送貨，看到一個(gè)小女孩在McConnell停車場(chǎng)附近徘徊。A.delivery遞送；B.training培訓(xùn)；C.dream夢(mèng)；D.meal餐。根據(jù)下文中的“Irantothedoorandgavepeopletheirfood(我跑到門口，給了人們食物)”可知，Botello這個(gè)時(shí)候正在送外賣。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.dancing跳舞；B.running跑；C.drawing畫；D.riding騎。根據(jù)上文中的“herwanderingonthecity’ssouthwestside”可知，這個(gè)女童在停車場(chǎng)來回跑。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他最后發(fā)現(xiàn)了那個(gè)蜷縮在兩個(gè)街區(qū)之間的女孩，她只穿著T恤、尿布和襪子。A.hit撞，擊；B.missed錯(cuò)過；C.called打電話；D.spotted看出，注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“Iwentbacklookingforher”可知，Botello注意到了這個(gè)女孩。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.wearing穿，戴；B.pu