2025年考研英語（一）語法專項訓(xùn)練：難點突破與實戰(zhàn)演練考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析請仔細(xì)分析下列各句的結(jié)構(gòu)，用符號標(biāo)明句子主干（主謂賓/主系表），并用括號注明從句的種類（定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句、同位語從句、主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語）或非謂語動詞的種類（不定式、動名詞、分詞）。若句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整或存在語法錯誤，請簡要說明。1.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnology,whichhasprofoundlychangedourlivesinthepastfewdecades,continuestoposebothopportunitiesandchallengesforthefuturegeneration.2.Unlesswetakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment,whichisthefoundationofoursurvival,itislikelythatsevereconsequenceswillensue.3.Manypeoplearguethateconomicgrowthshouldbetheprimarygoal,believingthatitautomaticallybringsaboutimprovementsinsocialwelfare.4.Havingbeenexposedtodiverseculturesduringhistravels,thejournalistgainedauniqueperspectivethatenrichedhisreportingoninternationalaffairs.5.Themainproblemliesnotinthelackoftalent,butintheinsufficientinvestmentineducationwhichultimatelyhindersnationalprogress.6.Shedecidedtopursueamaster'sdegreeinordertoenhanceherprofessionalskillsandbecomemorecompetitiveinthejobmarket.7.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewpolicy,designedtostimulateeconomicactivity,willultimatelyprovesuccessfulorleadtounforeseennegativeeffects.8.Thehouse,builtinthe18thcenturyandbeautifullyrestored,standsasamonumenttothetown'srichhistory.第二部分語法選擇從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處且使句子意思最連貫、語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確的選項。1.Thecompanyislookingforsomeonewithextensiveexperience______marketingcampaigns,especiallythoseinvolvingsocialmediaplatforms.A.forconductingB.conductsC.conductingD.conduct2.______hardhetries,heneverseemsabletosatisfyhisdemandingboss.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Howevermuch3.Itisessentialthatallemployeesfamiliarizethemselveswiththenewsafetyregulations______possible.A.atB.byC.beforeD.assoonas4.Themanager,______theprojectwascompletedaheadofschedule,wascommendedbytheboard.A.whosuggestedthatB.whomitwassuggestedthatC.whosesuggestionwasthatD.whichsuggestedthat5.Notonly______tothemeetingbutalsoarrivedtenminuteslate,causingsomeinconvenience.A.shewasinvitedB.wassheinvitedC.sheinvitedD.shehasinvited6.Having______allthenecessarydocuments,theapplicantsubmittedhisapplicationonlinewithoutanydelay.A.beenpreparedB.preparedC.toprepareD.preparing7.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theythoughtabouttheethicalimplicationsofartificialintelligence.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.what8.______thetrafficjam,theymanagedtoarriveattheairportintimefortheflight.A.DespiteB.InspiteofC.BecauseofD.Although9.Thenovel,______titlecapturedtheessenceoftheera,becameaninstantbestseller.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.withthe10.Theboywassoengrossedinhisvideogamethathedidnotnotice______thefirealarmwentoff.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when第三部分句子改錯下列句子中各含有一處語法錯誤，請找出錯誤并改正。1.Thecommittee,whichallmembersareexpertsintheirfields,willreviewtheproposalnextweek.____________2.Shespendsmuchtimereadingbookswhichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences,sothatshecanimproveherEnglishproficiencyquickly.____________3.Walkingdownthestreet,thelightswereshiningonme,makingitdifficulttoseeclearly.____________4.Itisimportantforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolthepollutionwhichisbeingcausedbythenearbyfactory.____________5.HeisinterestedinlearningFrench,buthedoesn'tknowwheretostartfrom.____________第四部分句子改寫將下列句子改寫為指定形式的句子，不得改變原意。1.Theresultoftheexperimentwasdisappointing.Weshouldhavespentmoretimeonitspreparation.*改寫形式：Ifonlywehadspentmoretimeonthepreparationoftheexperiment,______.2.Theteacheraskedthestudentwhetherhehadfinishedhishomework.*改寫形式：Theteacheraskedthestudent______.3.Itiswidelybelievedthatexerciseisbeneficialtohealth.*改寫形式：Manypeoplebelieve______.4.Despitetheheavyrain,theydecidedtogoforawalk.*改寫形式：______,theydecidedtogoforawalk.5.Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor,isverypopularamongyoungreaders.*改寫形式：Afamousauthorwrotethebook,______.試卷答案第一部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析1.主干:Thedevelopmentcontinues.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)主語:Thedevelopment狀語:rapidly,inthepastfewdecades修飾'development'的定語從句:whichhasprofoundlychangedourlivesinthepastfewdecades(關(guān)系代詞which指代development,在從句中作主語)2.主干:itislikelythatconsequenceswillensue.主語:it(形式主語,指代that從句的內(nèi)容)謂語:islikely賓語:that從句(that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作likely的賓語)修飾'consequences'的定語從句:whichisthefoundationofoursurvival(關(guān)系代詞which指代consequences,在從句中作表語)狀語:Unlesswetakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment(條件狀語從句,Unless引導(dǎo))3.主干:Manypeoplearguethatgoalbringsaboutimprovements.主語:Manypeople謂語:argue賓語:that從句(that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作argue的賓語)修飾'thatgoal'的定語從句:thateconomicgrowthshouldbetheprimarygoal(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語)主語從句:believingthatitautomaticallybringsaboutimprovementsinsocialwelfare(believing引導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作believing的賓語,it指代economicgrowth)4.主干:thejournalistgainedaperspective.主語:thejournalist謂語:gained賓語:aperspective(thatenrichedhisreporting...為省略了that的定語從句,修飾perspective)修飾'journalist'的狀語:Havingbeenexposedtodiverseculturesduringhistravels(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作原因狀語,邏輯主語是journalist)5.主干:Themainproblemliesingrowth.主語:Themainproblem謂語:lies介詞短語:ingrowth修飾'growth'的定語從句:whichultimatelyhindersnationalprogress(關(guān)系代詞which指代growth,在從句中作主語)并列主語:notinthelackoftalent,butintheinsufficientinvestmentineducation(not...but...連接兩個介詞短語作賓語)6.主干:Shedecidedtopursueadegree.主語:She謂語:decided賓語:topursueamaster'sdegree(不定式作decide的賓語)修飾'degree'的定語從句:inordertoenhanceherprofessionalskillsandbecomemorecompetitive(inorderto引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語)7.主干:Itremainstobeseenwhetherpolicywillprovesuccessfulorleadtoeffects.主語:It(形式主語,指代whether從句的內(nèi)容)謂語:remainstobeseen賓語:whether從句(whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作形式賓語)修飾'policy'的定語從句:designedtostimulateeconomicactivity(過去分詞作后置定語,修飾policy)8.主干:Thehousestandsasamonument.主語:Thehouse定語:builtinthe18thcentury(過去分詞作定語,修飾house)狀語:beautifully(副詞作狀語)修飾'house'的定語從句:whichstandsasamonumenttothetown'srichhistory(關(guān)系代詞which指代house,在從句中作主語)第二部分語法選擇1.C.conducting解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處需要填入一個非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾'someone'。'someone'是'lookingfor'的邏輯賓語，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動形式表示其正在進(jìn)行的動作或具有的特征。conducting表示“正在負(fù)責(zé)/執(zhí)行市場活動”，符合句意和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。2.A.However解析：空格處引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，修飾主句謂語'seemsabletosatisfy'。根據(jù)句意“無論他多么努力”，應(yīng)使用'however'修飾形容詞或副詞'much'。howevermuchhardhetries是正確的讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“無論他多么努力嘗試”。3.D.assoonas解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'essential'是形容詞，后面跟that從句作表語，that從句的主語是'allemployees'，謂語是'familiarizethemselveswiththenewsafetyregulations'。根據(jù)句意“盡快地熟悉”，'assoonaspossible'表示“盡可能快地”，但選項中無此完整短語，應(yīng)選'assoonas'引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“一旦...就...”，且與句意“盡快”最接近，意為“所有員工必須盡快熟悉新安全條例”。4.A.whosuggestedthat解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Themanager'是主語，'wascommended'是謂語，'thattheprojectwascompletedaheadofschedule'是賓語從句，作'wascommended'的賓語。從句中缺少主語，指代'Themanager'，應(yīng)用'who'引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾'Themanager'。從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不需要再添加'that'。5.B.wassheinvited解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Notonly'位于句首表示部分倒裝，需要將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be動詞提到主語前。原句語序為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)'Shewasinvited...andarrived...'，部分倒裝后語序變?yōu)?Wassheinvited...andarrived...'。'Notonly'連接兩個并列成分時，倒裝可以發(fā)生在第一個成分或第二個成分的主語前。6.B.prepared解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Having______allthenecessarydocuments'是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作原因狀語，修飾主句'Shesubmitted...'。邏輯主語是'She'，與'prepare'之間是主動關(guān)系，且動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。prepared表示“已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備的”。7.C.if解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Theteacheraskedthestudents______theythought...'，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作'asked'的賓語。從句表達(dá)的是一般性的疑問，“他們是否認(rèn)為”，應(yīng)用'if'或'whether'引導(dǎo)。雖然'whether'和'if'?？苫Q，但在口語和非正式文體中'if'更常用。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，通常表達(dá)陳述事實或觀點，這里詢問看法，用'if'更自然。8.A.Despite解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Despitethetrafficjam'是介詞短語作讓步狀語，修飾主句'Sheymanagedtoarrive...'。根據(jù)句意“盡管交通堵塞”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用'despite'或'inspiteof'。despite是介詞，后直接跟名詞或名詞性短語。9.B.whose解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Thenovel'是主語，'becameaninstantbestseller'是謂語。'whosetitlecapturedtheessenceoftheera'是修飾'novel'的定語從句。從句中缺少主語，指代'thenovel'的“標(biāo)題”，且需要表達(dá)“擁有”關(guān)系，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞'whose'。10.B.that解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，'Theboywassoengrossedinhisvideogamethathedidnotnotice...'，'so...that...'結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果，“他如此沉迷以至于沒注意到...”?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中缺少動詞'went'的主語，應(yīng)用'that'引導(dǎo)。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，whether/that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，這里引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。第三部分句子改錯1.主干:Thecommitteewillreviewtheproposal.修飾'committee'的定語從句:whichallmembersareexpertsintheirfields錯誤:'which'不能直接修飾'allmembers'。當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞，且后面有介詞短語時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)在介詞之后。應(yīng)將'which'改為'whose'，并在后面加上介詞'in'。改正:Thecommittee,______allmembersareexpertsintheirfields,willreviewtheproposalnextweek.改正:Thecommittee,______whosemembersareexpertsintheirfields,willreviewtheproposalnextweek.改正:Thecommittee,______itsmembersareexpertsintheirfields,willreviewtheproposalnextweek.2.主干:Shespendsmuchtimereadingbooks.修飾'books'的定語從句:whichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences錯誤:原句'Shespendsmuchtimereadingbooks...'是簡單句，后面直接跟'sothatshecanimprove...'，結(jié)構(gòu)上不連貫。'sothat'引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語從句，前面應(yīng)是完整的主句。如果'sothat'引導(dǎo)的從句是修飾'books'的定語從句，則結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為'Shespendsmuchtimereadingbooks,whichsothat...'，這是錯誤的。應(yīng)將'sothat'引導(dǎo)的從句改為獨立句子，或者調(diào)整原句結(jié)構(gòu)。改正思路1(改為獨立句子):Shespendsmuchtimereadingbookswhichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences,and______shecanimproveherEnglishproficiencyquickly.改正思路2(調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)):Shespendsmuchtimereadingbookswhichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences______shecanimproveherEnglishproficiencyquickly.(將時間狀語從句提前或用分詞表目的)改正思路3(改為目的狀語從句):Shespendsmuchtimereadingbookswhichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences______toimproveherEnglishproficiencyquickly.(去掉'sothat','to'表目的)選擇一個最符合原意和常見表達(dá)的方式，例如:改正:Shespendsmuchtimereadingbookswhichcontainalotofcomplexvocabularyandlongsentences,______shecanimproveherEnglishproficiencyquickly.3.主干:Walkingdownthestreet,thelightswereshiningonme.錯誤:句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整或邏輯主語錯誤。'Walkingdownthestreet'是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，描述主語的狀態(tài)或行為。但主語是'Thelights'，而'walk'這個動作通常由人發(fā)出。此處存在邏輯上的主語不一致問題，可能是想表達(dá)人走時燈光照著人，但句子寫成了燈光在走。如果主語是人，則應(yīng)為'Shewaswalking...'。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)燈光的位置和狀態(tài)，則不應(yīng)有人作主語的'walking'。改正思路1(主語是人):Walkingdownthestreet,______wasshiningonme.改正思路2(主語是燈光，描述靜態(tài)狀態(tài)):Thelightswereshiningonme______(whileIwaswalkingdownthestreet/asIwalkeddownthestreet).或者改為描述燈光本身的靜態(tài)位置:Thelightswereshiningdownthestreet.改正思路3(改為獨立句子表達(dá)伴隨情況):Asshewaswalkingdownthestreet,thelightswereshiningonher.選擇一個最可能的修正方向，例如:改正:Walkingdownthestreet,______wasshiningonme.4.主干:Thegovernmentistotakemeasures.修飾'pollution'的定語從句:whichisbeingcausedbythenearbyfactory錯誤:'whichisbeingcaused'表達(dá)被動，但'pollution'本身就是被造成的，無需被動語態(tài)。且從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，'causedbythenearbyfactory'是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾'pollution'，可以直接放在前面。改正:Itisimportantforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolpollution______bythenearbyfactory.改正:Itisimportantforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolthepollution______causedbythenearbyfactory.5.主干:HeisinterestedinlearningFrench.謂語:isinterestedinlearning賓語:French修飾'French'的定語從句:buthedoesn'tknowwheretostartfrom.錯誤:'but'連接兩個獨立的句子（簡單句+簡單句），但它們有共同的主語'He'，且意思連貫，應(yīng)合并為一個復(fù)合句。'doesn'tknowwheretostartfrom'可以改為從句形式。改正:Heisinter