初中英語(yǔ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練教程引言：為何要重視句型轉(zhuǎn)換？句型轉(zhuǎn)換是初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一項(xiàng)核心技能，它不僅考察同學(xué)們對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握程度，更檢驗(yàn)大家靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言、進(jìn)行有效溝通的能力。通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換的訓(xùn)練，同學(xué)們能夠更深刻地理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，豐富表達(dá)方式，提升閱讀理解和書(shū)面表達(dá)水平。本教程將系統(tǒng)梳理初中階段常見(jiàn)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換類型，并結(jié)合實(shí)例進(jìn)行講解，幫助同學(xué)們掌握轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律，提高解題效率與準(zhǔn)確性。一、陳述句與疑問(wèn)句的轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句變疑問(wèn)句是最基礎(chǔ)也最常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換類型，主要包括一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句。1.1陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則與例句：*規(guī)則一：若陳述句中有be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were），則將be動(dòng)詞提到句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。第一人稱需根據(jù)語(yǔ)境改為第二人稱。*原句：Heisastudent.*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Isheastudent?*說(shuō)明：將"is"提到句首，句末句號(hào)改為問(wèn)號(hào)。*規(guī)則二：若陳述句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,may,must,should,will,would等），則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。*原句：TheycanspeakEnglish.*轉(zhuǎn)換句：CantheyspeakEnglish?*說(shuō)明：將"can"提到句首。*規(guī)則三：若陳述句中只有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，則需在句首加助動(dòng)詞Do/Does/Did，原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形。第一人稱根據(jù)語(yǔ)境改為第二人稱。*原句：Ilikeapples.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，非第三人稱單數(shù))*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Doyoulikeapples?*說(shuō)明：加助動(dòng)詞"Do"，"I"改為"you"，"like"保持原形。*原句：Shegoestoschoolbybike.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第三人稱單數(shù))*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Doesshegotoschoolbybike?*說(shuō)明：加助動(dòng)詞"Does"（第三人稱單數(shù)），原動(dòng)詞"goes"恢復(fù)為原形"go"。*原句：Hefinishedhishomeworkyesterday.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Didhefinishhishomeworkyesterday?*說(shuō)明：加助動(dòng)詞"Did"（過(guò)去式），原動(dòng)詞"finished"恢復(fù)為原形"finish"。注意事項(xiàng)：*句中若有some，在疑問(wèn)句中通常改為any（表示請(qǐng)求、建議的疑問(wèn)句除外）。*句末的句號(hào)要改為問(wèn)號(hào)。*人稱代詞的相應(yīng)變化（如I->you,my->your等）。1.2陳述句變特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則與例句：特殊疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)句子中某一特定成分（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等）進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，由"特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序（除對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)外）"構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：what(什么),who(誰(shuí)),whom(誰(shuí)，賓格),whose(誰(shuí)的),which(哪一個(gè)),when(何時(shí)),where(何地),why(為什么),how(如何，怎樣)等。*對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：直接用特殊疑問(wèn)詞替換主語(yǔ)，句子其余部分語(yǔ)序不變。*原句：Tomisplayingfootball.(主語(yǔ)Tom)*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Whoisplayingfootball?*原句：Abookisonthedesk.(主語(yǔ)Abook)*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Whatisonthedesk?*對(duì)其他成分提問(wèn)：1.確定疑問(wèn)詞：根據(jù)被提問(wèn)部分的內(nèi)容選擇合適的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。2.將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句語(yǔ)序（去掉被提問(wèn)部分）。3.將特殊疑問(wèn)詞置于句首。*原句：Sheisreadingastorybook.(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)"astorybook"提問(wèn))*疑問(wèn)詞：What*一般疑問(wèn)句：Isshereading(something)?*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Whatisshereading?*原句：TheywillgotoBeijingtomorrow.(對(duì)地點(diǎn)"Beijing"提問(wèn))*疑問(wèn)詞：Where*一般疑問(wèn)句：Willtheygo(somewhere)tomorrow?*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Wherewilltheygotomorrow?*原句：Hegoestoschoolbybike.(對(duì)方式"bybike"提問(wèn))*疑問(wèn)詞：How*一般疑問(wèn)句：Doeshegotoschool(how)?*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Howdoeshegotoschool?*原句：Sheboughtareddress.(對(duì)定語(yǔ)"red"提問(wèn))*疑問(wèn)詞：Whatcolour*一般疑問(wèn)句：Didshebuya(whatcolour)dress?*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Whatcolourdressdidshebuy?/Whatcolourofdressdidshebuy?*原句：Hegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.(對(duì)時(shí)間"atsixo'clock"提問(wèn))*疑問(wèn)詞：Whattime/When*一般疑問(wèn)句：Doeshegetup(atwhattime)everymorning?*轉(zhuǎn)換句：Whattime/Whendoeshegetupeverymorning?注意事項(xiàng)：*選擇正確的特殊疑問(wèn)詞是關(guān)鍵。*除對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)外，其余情況都要注意一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成規(guī)則。二、陳述句與否定句的轉(zhuǎn)換否定句通常是在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分加入否定詞not構(gòu)成。2.1含be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的陳述句變否定句轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則與例句：直接在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not。*原句：Heisateacher.*否定句：Heisnotateacher.(Heisn'tateacher.)*原句：Theycanswim.*否定句：Theycannotswim.(Theycan'tswim.)*原句：Iwillgothere.*否定句：Iwillnotgothere.(Iwon'tgothere.)2.2含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的陳述句變否定句轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則與例句：需在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did+not，原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形。*原句：Ilikebananas.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，非第三人稱單數(shù))*否定句：Idonotlikebananas.(Idon'tlikebananas.)*原句：Sheworkshard.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第三人稱單數(shù))*否定句：Shedoesnotworkhard.(Shedoesn'tworkhard.)*原句：Theywenttotheparkyesterday.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))*否定句：Theydidnotgototheparkyesterday.(Theydidn'tgototheparkyesterday.)注意事項(xiàng)：*句中若有both...and...，否定時(shí)通常改為neither...nor...或not...either...。*句中若有already，在否定句中通常改為yet（置于句末）。*句中若有some，在否定句中通常改為any。*否定詞not與be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞?？s寫(xiě)，如：isn't,aren't,wasn't,weren't,can't,couldn't,don't,doesn't,didn't,won't,wouldn't等。三、陳述句與感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換感嘆句用以表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的情感，如喜悅、驚訝、憤怒等。初中階段主要掌握由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。3.1what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：What+(a/an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!例句：*原句：Itisabeautifulflower.(陳述句)*感嘆句：Whatabeautifulflower(itis)!*原句：Theyarehappychildren.(陳述句)*感嘆句：Whathappychildren(theyare)!*原句：Itisdeliciousfood.(陳述句)*感嘆句：Whatdeliciousfood(itis)!3.2how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：How+形容詞/副詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!(強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)例句：*原句：Thegirlisbeautiful.(陳述句，形容詞)*感嘆句：Howbeautifulthegirlis!*原句：Herunsfast.(陳述句，副詞)*感嘆句：Howfastheruns!*原句：Timeflies.(陳述句)*感嘆句：Howtimeflies!轉(zhuǎn)換方法：1.找出陳述句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞或名詞。2.根據(jù)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的詞性和結(jié)構(gòu)選擇用what還是how。3.調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，將感嘆詞置于句首，其余部分根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，句末用感嘆號(hào)。注意事項(xiàng)：*what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞或副詞。*單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加a/an，復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前不加。*主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在上下文明確時(shí)可以省略。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。4.1主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本規(guī)則基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)（原賓語(yǔ)）+be動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者/原主語(yǔ))(by短語(yǔ)可省略)。轉(zhuǎn)換步驟與例句：1.確定動(dòng)作的承受者：將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。2.確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：be動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞。be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。3.確定動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：將主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y的賓語(yǔ)，置于句末（可省略）。4.其他成分：主動(dòng)句中的狀語(yǔ)等成分通常保留在被動(dòng)句中相應(yīng)位置。*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：*主動(dòng)句：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.*被動(dòng)句：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.*一般過(guò)去時(shí)：*主動(dòng)句：Heboughtanewbookyesterday.*被動(dòng)句：Anewbookwasbought(byhim)yesterday.*一般將來(lái)時(shí)：*主動(dòng)句：Theywillbuildabridgenextyear.*被動(dòng)句：Abridgewillbebuilt(bythem)nextyear.*含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：*主動(dòng)句：Wemustfinishtheworkontime.*被動(dòng)句：Theworkmustbefinished(byus)ontime.注意事項(xiàng)：*只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。*主動(dòng)句中的雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)），在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。*主動(dòng)句：Hegavemeapresent.(me間接賓語(yǔ),apresent直接賓語(yǔ))*被動(dòng)句1（間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）：Iwasgivenapresent(byhim).*被動(dòng)句2（直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）：Apresentwasgiventome(byhim).*主動(dòng)句中如果有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*主動(dòng)句：WecallhimTom.(him賓語(yǔ),Tom賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))*被動(dòng)句：HeiscalledTom(byus).(Tom主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))五、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換同義句轉(zhuǎn)換是指用不同的詞匯、短語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)與原句相同或相近的意思。這需要同學(xué)們掌握豐富的詞匯和多種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。5.1常見(jiàn)的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換方式轉(zhuǎn)換方式與例句：*用同義詞或近義詞替換：*原句：Heisveryhappy.*同義句：Heisveryglad/pleased.*原句：Iboughtanewpenyesterday.*同義句：Ipurchasedanewpenyesterday.(bought與purchased同義)*用同義短語(yǔ)替換：*原句：Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.*同義句：Heoftenwalkstoschool.(goesto...onfoot與walksto...同義)*原句：TheystartedtolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.*同義句：TheybegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(started與began同義)*原句：Weshouldtakecareoftheold.*同義句：Weshouldlookaftertheold./Weshouldcarefortheold.(takecareof與lookafter/carefor同義)*用不同句式結(jié)構(gòu)替換：*原句：Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.*同義句：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.(so...that...與too...to...轉(zhuǎn)換)*原句：It'stimeforlunch.*同義句：It'stimetohavelunch.(It'stimeforsth.與It'stimetodosth.轉(zhuǎn)換)*原句：MyfavouritesubjectisEnglish.*同義句：IlikeEnglishbest.(表達(dá)喜好的不同方式)*原句：Hespenttwohoursdoinghishomework.*同義句：Ittookhimtwohourstodohishomework.(spend...(in)doingsth.與Ittakessb....todosth.轉(zhuǎn)換)*簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：*原句：Becausehewasill,he