第二部分語法專題講析專題九定語從句考點一

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.

who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句①They

were

well

trained

by

their

masters

who

had

great

experience

with

caring

for

these

animals.他們的主人訓(xùn)練得很好，對照顧這些動物很有經(jīng)驗。②The

man

(who/whom)

you

met

just

now

is

called

Jim.你剛才遇見的那個人叫吉姆。③Children

who

are

not

active

or

whose

diet

is

high

in

fat

will

gain

weight

quickly.很少進行體育鍛煉或飲食富含脂肪的孩子體重會增加很快?？键c總結(jié)

1.

who和whom指人，who在定語從句中作主語、賓語、

表語；whom在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可

省略。在口語中可用who代替whom。

2.

whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，指物時可用

of

which代替，指人時可用of

whom代替。2.

that，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句①Now

Irene

Astbury

works

from

9

am

to

5

pm

daily

at

the

pet

shop

in

Macclesfield，

which

she

opened

with

her

late

husband

Les.現(xiàn)在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9點到下午5點在麥克爾斯菲爾

德寵物店工作，這家店是她和已故丈夫勒斯開的。②On

the

edge

of

the

jacket，there

is

a

piece

of

cloth

that/which

gives

off

light

in

the

dark.在夾克的邊上，有一塊布在黑暗中發(fā)光。③All

the

people

that

come

from

the

country

work

much

harder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人都工作更努力。④The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

Guilin

was

Elephant

Trunk

Hill.在桂林他們參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。⑤This

is

the

book

which

you

are

looking

for.這正是你在找的那本書。⑥He

talked

about

the

people

and

the

place

that

he

had

visited

in

that

country.他談到了他在那個國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方。考點總結(jié)

1.

that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語、表

語或賓語，作賓語或表語時可省略。2.

which指物，在定語從句中作主語和賓語，作賓語

時，在限制性定語從句中可省略。另外，which可用來指代

前面句子的部分或全部內(nèi)容。3.

下列情況只用that不用which：（1）先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，

nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞時；（2）先行詞被the

only，

any，

few，

no，

very等詞修

飾時；（3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本

身是序數(shù)詞；（4）先行詞中既有人也有物時；（5）主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。3.

as，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句①The

number

of

smokers，as

is

reported，has

dropped

by

17

percent

in

just

one

year.正如報道的那樣，吸煙的人數(shù)僅在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分

之十七。②It

is

a

truly

delightful

place，which

looks

the

same

as

it

must

have

done

100

years

ago

with

its

winding

streets

and

pretty

cottages.這真是一個令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的樣子一

樣，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍?？键c總結(jié)

1.

as作關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正

如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2.

as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語中：as

（it）

often

happens，as

I

remember，as

is

often

the

case，as

is

expected，as

is

known

to

us，as

is

shown等。3.

which引導(dǎo)定語從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容則只能位于

主句之后，意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。考點二

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句①Opposite

is

St.Paul’s

Church，where

you

can

hear

some

lovely

music.對面是圣保羅教堂，在那里你能聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂。②We

will

put

off

the

picnic

in

the

park

until

next

week，when

the

weather

may

be

better.我們將把去公園野餐推遲到下周，那時天氣可能更好。③The

reason

why

I

don’t

trust

him

is

that

he

often

tells

lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。④They

have

reached

the

point

where

they

have

to

separate

with

each

other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。考點總結(jié)

1.

先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因（一般為reason）的

名詞且從句中缺少狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引

導(dǎo)時間/地點/原因狀語從句。有時可用“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)

替換。2.

當(dāng)定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，即使先行詞是表示

時間、地點和原因的詞仍用which/that。3.

當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點的名詞，如point，

situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用

關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果作主語、賓語或表語，

則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。[名師點津]

先行詞occasion意為“時機”時，用關(guān)系副詞

when；意為“場合”時，用關(guān)系副詞where?？键c三

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句①Trading

leather

shoes

is

the

business

to

which

the

Greens

are

devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。②The

study

suggests

that

the

cultures

we

grow

up

in

influence

the

basic

processes

by

which

we

see

the

world

around

us.研究表明，我們成長的文化影響我們看周圍世界的基本過

程。③Recently

I

bought

an

ancient

vase，

the

price

of

which(＝

whose

price)

was

very

reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。④His

head

soon

appeared

out

of

the

window，from

where

he

saw

nothing

but

trees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不

到。(from

where相當(dāng)于from

out

of

the

window，而不是from

the

window)考點總結(jié)

1.

若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時常用

whom，指物時常用which，即“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞

（which/whom）”結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，

即“介詞＋whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。2.

該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用（1）一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下

三方面入手：①根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定；②根據(jù)從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；③根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定。（2）表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”，介詞常用of。常見

結(jié)構(gòu)：①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，

many，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of

which/whom。②the＋比較級或最高級前、后用of

which/whom等。

③It’s

not

the

first

time

(that)

you’ve

found

yourself

in

this

situation.你陷入這種狀況已經(jīng)不是第一次了。④There

was

a

time

when/during

which

each

teacher

spent

an

hour，one

day

a

week，testing

pupils

in

every

subject.曾經(jīng)，每個老師每周都有一天花上一小時對學(xué)生的每門功課

進行測試?？键c總結(jié)

1.

在定語從句中，the

way在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時，其

后的關(guān)系詞可以是in

which，that或省略；但是當(dāng)它在從句中

充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分時，其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。2.

先行詞time作“次數(shù)”講時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)

定語從句，that可省略；當(dāng)先行詞time作“一段時間，時代”

講且作狀語時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“介詞at/during＋

which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。

◆定語從句與語法填空定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞以及介詞的選用是語法填

空題中的考查點。首先判斷是否是定語從句是做題的關(guān)鍵，

其次判斷關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)何種成分，確定答案。有些特殊的定語

從句，如分割式定語從句和插入式定語從句，一定要先確定

先行詞，然后再判斷作什么成分，最后確定用什么關(guān)系詞。[典題試做]在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。1.

She

and

her

family

bicycle

to

work，

helps

them

keep

fit.2.

Self-driving

is

an

area

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

starting

line.3.

Kate，

sister

I

shared

a

room

with

when

we

were

at

college，has

gone

to

work

in

Australia.which

where

whose

4.

The

little

problems

we

meet

in

our

daily

lives

may

be

inspirations

for

great

inventions.5.

My

eldest

son，

work

takes

him

all

over

the

world，is

in

New

York

at

the

moment.6.

In

1963

the

UN

set

up

the

World

Food

Programme，one

of

purposes

is

to

relieve

worldwide

starvation.that

whose

whose

[應(yīng)對策略]一旦判斷是定語從句，就根據(jù)定語從句的先行詞和代表先行

詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分來確定關(guān)系詞。若在從句中

作主語和賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞；若作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞?！魰姹磉_中定語從句易錯點聚焦(一)定語從句意識缺失1.

關(guān)系代詞被普通代詞取代(誤)I

have

many

collections

of

stamps，some

of

them

are

my

favorite.(正)I

have

many

collections

of

stamps，some

of

which

are

my

favorite.2.

關(guān)系代詞遺漏(誤)The

last

one

leaves

the

classroom

please

close

the

windows.(正)The

last

one

who

leaves

the

classroom

please

close

the

windows.第一句從漢語意思角度是對的，但是漢語的干擾破壞了英語

句式結(jié)構(gòu)。(二)假冒偽劣的定語從句1.

有從無主式(誤)My

friend

Jane，who

is

very

friendly

to

us

classmates.(正)My

friend

Jane

is

very

friendly

to

us

classmates.(正)My

friend

Jane，who

is

very

friendly

to

us

classmates，has

a

variety

of

hobbies.笫一句虎頭蛇尾，屬于有從無主式的句子，即有從句但沒有

主句。2.

從句成分殘缺式(誤)Those

who

against

it

think

that

it

is

unnecessary

to

move

the

zoos

out

of

the

city.(正)Those

who

are

against

it

think

that

it

is

unnecessary

to

move

the

zoos

out

of

the

city.第一句定語從句的謂語不完整。介詞against不能單獨作謂

語。3.

畫蛇添足式(誤)As

can

be

seen

from

the

picture，that

a

sad

boy

stands

between

his

angry

parents.(誤)As

can

be

seen

from

the

picture，a

man

who

is

talking

happily.

(誤)I

have

many

collections

of

stamps，and

some

of

which

are

my

favorite.第一句中關(guān)系代詞as代替逗號后面的整個主句，因此主句是

不需要連接詞來引導(dǎo)的。所以，應(yīng)去掉that。第二句中同樣as代替逗號后面的整個主句，主句中的who是

多余的。第三句中如果要滿足定語從句的話，顯然并列連詞and是多

余的。

Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

[2024·福建第二次質(zhì)量檢測]In

front

of

the

cafe

is

a

tourism

highway，

connects

the

store

with

many

artistic

villages

along

the

mountain

range.2.

[2023·全國甲卷]“There

was

once

a

town

in

the

heart

of

America

all

life

seemed

to

enjoy

peaceful

co-existence

with

its

surroundings，”

her

fable

begins，...which

where

3.

[2023·全國甲卷]Yet，the

form

of

the

fable

still

has

values

today，

Rachel

Carson

says

in

“A

Fable

for

Tomorrow.”4.

[2024·江蘇適應(yīng)性練習(xí)]Sitting

in

Quanzhou

City，

.

the

ancient

Maritime

Silk

Road

started，

it

has

sold

like

hotcakes

at

home

and

abroad

since

the

Song

Dynasty.5.

[2024·江西一模]For

those

want

to

experience

the

hustle

and

bustle

of

Chengdu，

Chunxi

Road

and

Taiko

Li

in

the

city

centre

are

the

top

choices.as

where

who

Ⅱ.語法填空There

was

a

time

1.

I

was

tired

of

learning

English

and

disliked

to

speak

English.And

this

was

the

reason

2.

my

father

forced

me

to

join

in

a

30－day

training

in

an

English

club

before

I

went

to

senior

high

school.When

I

first

came

to

the

club，3.

?

I

met

many

strangers，I

missed

my

parents

very

much.when

why

where

So

I

packed

up

my

things

and

wanted

to

go

home.Fortunately，my

guide，4.

teacher

was

Yu

Minhong，communicated

with

me

face-to-face，from

5.

I

gained

some

useful

instructions.He

also

showed

me

a

good

partner，