目錄

第一部分考研英語(yǔ)試題特點(diǎn)分析2

一、測(cè)試內(nèi)容的總體特點(diǎn)2

二、試題的個(gè)性化特點(diǎn)2

三、試題的唯一性3第

二部分2007—2009考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析5

2007年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題5

2007年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題參考答案17

2008年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題20

2008年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題參考答案31

2009年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題33

2009年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題參考答案44

第三部分考研英語(yǔ)全程復(fù)習(xí)攻略47

一、參考書(shū)選擇建議47

二、考研英語(yǔ)四輪復(fù)習(xí)法48

嗡萬(wàn)學(xué)教盲?福文春冊(cè)

遙遙領(lǐng)先的中國(guó)考研第一品牌

第一部分考研英語(yǔ)試題特點(diǎn)分析

全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試是為高等學(xué)校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)招收碩士研究生而設(shè)置的。作為一項(xiàng)

大規(guī)模的選拔性考試，考研英語(yǔ)的試題鮮明地體現(xiàn)了自身的特色與宗旨。一、測(cè)試內(nèi)容的總

體特點(diǎn)

1.注重語(yǔ)言意義，而非語(yǔ)言形式近幾年的考研英語(yǔ)試題都有特定的語(yǔ)境和情景，體現(xiàn)了

對(duì)語(yǔ)言意義的領(lǐng)悟與判斷。試卷里幾

乎沒(méi)有死記硬背、單純使用語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)選擇選項(xiàng)的試題，而是更注重對(duì)考生語(yǔ)言意義理解能力的

考查。

2.測(cè)試的基本點(diǎn)定位在語(yǔ)篇上近幾年的試卷測(cè)重對(duì)語(yǔ)篇能力的檢測(cè)，對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言技

能的考核都是通過(guò)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)篇來(lái)

完成的。尤其是在完形填空和閱讀理解兩個(gè)題型，題材廣泛而新穎，涉及人文、社會(huì)、科普、經(jīng)

濟(jì)、文化教育和生物自然等方面，深層次理解題的比例在逐年加大。這些題的答案，考生若不經(jīng)

過(guò)上下文的邏輯推理、揣測(cè)作者的意圖、挖掘深層含義，是完成不好的。另外，考題中語(yǔ)篇加長(zhǎng)，

對(duì)學(xué)生的閱讀速度也提出更高的要求，需要猜測(cè)的詞語(yǔ)約占語(yǔ)篇數(shù)的3%,若考生的知識(shí)面狹窄，

理解的難度就會(huì)更大。

3.注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的考核在近幾年的考研英語(yǔ)試題中不

在設(shè)置單純考查詞匯、語(yǔ)法的項(xiàng)目，這是否意味著考研試題忽

略了對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試？在2002年至2009年的考研大綱中，都明確要求考生具備“在交際中更

準(zhǔn)確、自如地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)”這?語(yǔ)言能力。由此可見(jiàn)，考研英語(yǔ)絕不是不注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試，

而是考核形式改變了，考查要求更高了?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試貫穿在整個(gè)英語(yǔ)考卷中。完

型填空題會(huì)直接考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)；閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長(zhǎng)難句，這些句子只有具備一定

的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)才能正確分析；作文中要寫(xiě)出正確無(wú)誤的句子，也需要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)做積淀。因此，考研

英語(yǔ)是從語(yǔ)篇角度測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力。

4.注重選材的時(shí)代性和實(shí)用性考研試題的素材均選自英文原版書(shū)籍、英文主流媒體和英語(yǔ)

國(guó)家經(jīng)常閱讀的書(shū)刊。試卷中的

文章均是原汁原味的真實(shí)語(yǔ)料，體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言的真實(shí)性和實(shí)用性。而且所選文章多來(lái)自最新的英文

資料，更好的反映了當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)從歷年命制的試題看，被選取的文章的體裁

絕大多數(shù)為議論性的、評(píng)論性的和報(bào)道性的；多為分析論證的文章，很少有純粹的文學(xué)文章。這

同攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生期間將面對(duì)大量的概括性強(qiáng)、抽象思維為主的材料有關(guān)。

二、試題的個(gè)性化特點(diǎn)

目前面向大學(xué)生及社會(huì)人員的大規(guī)模英語(yǔ)考試共有8種左右，但考研英語(yǔ)作為一種選拔性的

考試在考查內(nèi)容、考查角度以及測(cè)試目標(biāo)上和其他考試都有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別，保持了自身獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。

由于大英四、六級(jí)是考生普遍參加的一項(xiàng)考試，現(xiàn)僅對(duì)比分析考研英語(yǔ)與大英四六級(jí)。

考研英語(yǔ)與大英四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)有如下具體的區(qū)別：第一，詞匯?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)在詞匯上主要考

察熟詞新義，有些中學(xué)詞匯的新用法都能考的一塌糊

涂；四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)主要考察生詞的第?意義或常用意義，只要你背了大綱的詞匯表，基本就沒(méi)問(wèn)

題；

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第二，語(yǔ)言材料P考研英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言材料多及難句；四、六級(jí)英居幾乎沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)難句，都是很簡(jiǎn)

單的句子，意思幾乎一看就明白，不用仔細(xì)琢磨其意義；

第三，試題選項(xiàng)。完型和閱讀理解是考研和四六級(jí)都要考到的題型，但考研英語(yǔ)試題選項(xiàng)多

陷阱，考生要有很強(qiáng)的分析能力和抗干擾的能力；四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)試題選項(xiàng)的迷惑性不是很強(qiáng)，一

眼就能看出哪個(gè)是正確答案，哪個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng)。

第四，大英四六級(jí)中也涉及翻譯、寫(xiě)作題型，但考研英語(yǔ)對(duì)翻譯、寫(xiě)作能力的考查在難度及

復(fù)雜性上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于大英四六級(jí)的要求；

第五，考研閱讀理解B部分即閱讀理解新題型是考研獨(dú)有的題型，該題型主要考查考生對(duì)連

貫性、一致性、邏輯性等語(yǔ)篇、語(yǔ)段整體性特征及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，這對(duì)考生的綜合閱讀能力提

出了更高的要求，

第六，測(cè)試口的?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)體現(xiàn)的是難度，四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)的是速度。比如一個(gè)閱讀片段，

考研英語(yǔ)一般要花15分鐘去推敲琢磨，而六級(jí)英語(yǔ)必須在8-9分鐘作完；

第七、大英四六級(jí)嚴(yán)格規(guī)定對(duì)試題的作答順序而考研英語(yǔ)只需在三小時(shí)完成試題就可，至于

答題的順序可根據(jù)個(gè)人喜好自主進(jìn)行。

綜上所述，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)是針對(duì)大部分大學(xué)生的一種測(cè)試，主要在于考查大學(xué)生在大學(xué)

期間的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成果，其宗旨是希望大多數(shù)學(xué)生都能夠在正規(guī)英語(yǔ)課堂訓(xùn)練之后通過(guò)這些測(cè)試，

因此四、六級(jí)考的主要是水平和速度。而考研閱讀考的則是更高層次的英語(yǔ)能力，因?yàn)檠芯可?/p>

學(xué)考試是一種選拔性測(cè)試，意在通過(guò)考試選出優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生進(jìn)行深造，因而對(duì)考生各方面的素質(zhì)和

能力、包括英語(yǔ)閱讀能力提出了更高的要求。

因此，想比四、六級(jí)考試的閱讀文章和閱讀題，考研閱讀文章選材更加廣泛，文章不論從長(zhǎng)

度、詞匯、句子、還是邏輯等各個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)難度都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于四、六級(jí)，同時(shí)命題也更加具有多變

性和迷惑性。這些都對(duì)考生的實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力提出了更高的要求，特別要對(duì)閱讀理解題日的考點(diǎn)和命題

原則知根知底。?般來(lái)說(shuō)，四、六級(jí)閱讀每篇花大約8-10分鐘就能夠完成，而考研閱讀每篇?jiǎng)t

需要10-20分鐘。

三、試題的唯一性

考研英語(yǔ)試題的命制是一門(mén)科學(xué)，也是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程?需經(jīng)過(guò)前期命題理論的研究，試題的

研發(fā)，題庫(kù)的規(guī)劃與建設(shè)，以及試題命制過(guò)程中的人力、財(cái)力與物力等的強(qiáng)有力的保障，才能達(dá)

到考研試題的科學(xué)性、合理性、均衡性和前瞻性諸要求并能有效發(fā)揮考研試題的功能。而且試題

在命制時(shí)要恪守七項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

1試題應(yīng)該符合該學(xué)科的學(xué)理邏輯；

2試題應(yīng)該符合語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的邏輯；

3試題應(yīng)該符合文化的發(fā)展規(guī)律；

4試題應(yīng)該符合測(cè)試學(xué)的?般規(guī)律；

5試題應(yīng)該符合試題命制的?般規(guī)律；

6試題應(yīng)該符合試題自身的功能目的；

7試題應(yīng)該符合統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的考點(diǎn)變化規(guī)律。因此，經(jīng)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)周密而浩大的流程命

制出的試題，試題所體現(xiàn)出的信度、效度、區(qū)分度

是任何模擬試題都難以披靡的。

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遙遙領(lǐng)先的中國(guó)考研第一品牌

當(dāng)然，考研試題除J.在測(cè)試內(nèi)容上具有唯一性外，還值得?提的是，既然考研的全稱(chēng)是全國(guó)

碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試，那自然是試卷由教育部考試中心統(tǒng)一命制，全國(guó)報(bào)考不同院校的考生

大家共同作答唯一的一份試卷，雖然有些高?？梢宰灾鲃澏ǔ跏间浫》?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)，但他們也不具有單

獨(dú)、自主命制試題的資格。

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第二部分2007—2009考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析

2007年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],fB],[C]or[D]

onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

By1830,theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.The

roughly20million]ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.Bominthecrisisoftheold

regimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentative

government,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtradeinthe5toprivateproperty,

andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshould

besovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya__7

setoflaws.

Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagreement

10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bythe

Spanishcrown,12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthe

newstates,somesoughtoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying

15fortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityof

everything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareas

heliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.Early

promisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenew

nationsstillneededtherevenue.Suchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedby

fearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.

I.|A]natives[BJinhabitants(CJpeople[DJindividuals

2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully

3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected

4.[A]related[B]close[CJopen[DJdevoted

5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return

6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally

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7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical

8.[A]freedom[Blorigin[Climpact[D]reform

9.[A]therefore[BJhowever[CJindeed[DJmoreover

1O.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by

11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded

12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While

13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against

14.[A]spread[B]interference[CJexclusion[D]influence

15.[Alsupport[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish

16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised

17.[A]controlling[B]former[Clremaining[D]original

18.[A]slower[B]fasterfC]easier[D]tougher

19.[A]createdIBJproduced[CJcontributed[D]preferred

20.[A]puzzledby[B|hostileto[C]pessimisticaboutfD]unpreparedfor

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006'sWorldCup

tournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohave

beenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropean

nationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrange

phenomenontobeevermorepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrological

signsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winterbombabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,which

increasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,at

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theannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelieves

stronglyin“noneoftheabove.^^EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilhe

realizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.His

firstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeata

randomseriesofnumbers.44Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhad

risenfrom7to20,“Ericssonrecalls."Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehad

risentoover80numbers.^^

Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,

ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.

Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,those

differencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes“theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearn

howtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberate

practice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessetting

specificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeof

pursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsand

biographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Their

workmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,put

anotherway,expertperformers-whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming-are

nearlyalwaysmade,notbom.

21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.[B]

spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorldCup.

[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.

[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

[A]fun.[Bl

craze.[C]

hysteria.

fD]excitement.

23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory

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[AJdependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

fB]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

[A]"Faithwillmovemountains.^^

[B]"Onereapswhatonesows.”

[C]"Practicemakesperfect?[DJ

“Likefather,likeson.”

Text2

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled

“AskMarilyn.^^PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamental

levelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQ

testsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,

andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavant

fieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveand

fondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualize

objectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthe

bestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?

Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,

genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsare

notgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-Binet

IntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).

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Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,although

variationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sare

nolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongage

peers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.

Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam

(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschool

andinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,

Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativity

andpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQ

testdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQ

predictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stress

conditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.Anyonewho

hastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetheril'sknowingwhento

guessorwhatquestionstoskip.

26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?

[AJAnsweringphilosophicalquestions.

[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

[C]Tellingthedifferencebetweencertainconcepts.

[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.

27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?

[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.

[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.

[ClThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.

[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.

28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant'sbecause

[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.

[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.

[C]vosSavant'scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.

[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.

29.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat

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[AJtestscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone'sability.

fB]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.

[C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.

[DJtraditionaltestareoutofdate.

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQtest?

[AJSupportive.

[B]Skeptical.

[C]Impartial.

[D]Biased.

Text3

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardwork

andfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.

Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddle

classtonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamily

economics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsof

thesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today'sfamilies

havebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachuted

theyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback.-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointothe

workforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect“couldsupportthe

safetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.

Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefroman

otherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirement

income.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsof

familieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythatthey

mayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomove

SocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteed

paymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotany

better.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewly

fashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuch

higherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies'futurehealthcare.Even

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demographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-

andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustone

generation.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikean

opportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrightening

accelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.The

financialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

31.Today'sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat

[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

32.AsaresultofPresidentBush'sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave

[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.

[B]lesssecuredpayments.

[C]lesschancetoinvest.

[D]aguaranteedfuture.

33.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill

[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]

popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[CJ

compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]

increasethefamilies*investmentrisk.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[AJfinancialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]

financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.[D]

financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert

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[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff

[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict

[D]TheMiddleClassinRuins

Text4

Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccounting

andcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anewproblemthreatensto

earnthem-especiallyinAmerica-thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingin

theexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasa

concernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,telecomsandairtraveLinformationprotectionis

nowhighontheboss'sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.

Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear-fromorganizationsasdiverse

asTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventhe

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley-haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystems

andbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.

“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherassets,saysHaim

MendelsonofStanfordUniversity'sbusinessschool.44Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeyto

marketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders."Indeed,justasthereisthe

conceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,Generally

AcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork'sColumbiaBusinessSchool.''Setting

theproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,andrecoveryisamanagementissue,nota

technicalone,“hesays.

Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothe

dimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugely

expensivetorestore-andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthanacompanyletting

sensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.

Thecurrentstateofaffairesmayhavebeenencouraged-thoughnotjustified-bythelackoflegal

penalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,American

firmsdidnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsof

proposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile,thetheftof

informationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,

overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)

thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedata

security.

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36.Thestatement4*Itneverrainsbutitpours“isusedtointroduce

[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.

[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.

[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.[D]

theseverityofdataleakage.

37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout

[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.

[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.

[CJwhoisresponsiblefortheleakage.

[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.

38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat

[A]shareholders,interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.

[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.

[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.

[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto

[AJseethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.

[B]perceivethesensitiveofpersonaldata.

[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.

[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.

40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that

[A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.

[B]FTC'sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.

[C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.

[DJlegalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.

PartB

Directions:

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Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheir

childrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeach

numberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereare

extraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse,MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

A.SetaGoodExampleforYourKids

B.BuildYourKids'WorkSkills

C.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivities

D.TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis

E.HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategies

F.HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre

G.BuildYourKids'SenseofResponsibility

HowCanaParentHelp?

Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfbrtheirkids.Evenifa

job'sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult'sneedforrapidcontent,thetransition

fromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafew

measures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhat

call“work-lifeunreadiness”：

(41).

Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsand

weaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellor

collaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststh