小學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)與測(cè)試題英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是構(gòu)建語(yǔ)言大廈的基石，尤其是在小學(xué)階段，打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，不僅能幫助孩子們正確理解和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)，更能提升他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的信心與興趣。本文旨在通過系統(tǒng)化的練習(xí)與綜合性的測(cè)試，幫助小學(xué)生鞏固核心語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，查漏補(bǔ)缺，為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)鋪平道路。一、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的詞。掌握名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化，是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的入門關(guān)鍵。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧1.規(guī)則變化：*一般情況下，直接在詞尾加`-s`。如：book→books,cat→cats。*以`s,x,ch,sh`結(jié)尾的詞，加`-es`。如：bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes。*以輔音字母加`y`結(jié)尾的詞，變`y`為`i`再加`-es`。如：baby→babies,family→families。（注意：元音字母加`y`結(jié)尾的詞，直接加`-s`，如：boy→boys,day→days）。*以`o`結(jié)尾的詞，有生命的加`-es`，如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes；無(wú)生命的一般加`-s`，如：photo→photos,radio→radios。（小學(xué)階段此規(guī)則可適當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)化記憶常見詞）。*以`f`或`fe`結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變`f/fe`為`v`再加`-es`。如：leaf→leaves,knife→knives。2.不規(guī)則變化：*常見的如：man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,fish→fish(強(qiáng)調(diào)條數(shù)時(shí))。（二）練習(xí)題1.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：*apple→______*bus→______*baby→______*tomato→______*leaf→______*child→______*mouse→______*book→______2.選擇填空：*Ihavetwo______(pen/pens).*Therearemany______(child/children)inthepark.*Shelikeseating______(tomato/tomatoes).*Myfatherhasthree______(watch/watches).二、be動(dòng)詞的用法be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）是英語(yǔ)中最基礎(chǔ)也最常用的動(dòng)詞，用于表示“是”或“存在”。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧*am：用于第一人稱單數(shù)I。Iamastudent.*is：用于第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it及單數(shù)名詞）。Heisaboy./Thecatisblack.*are：用于第二人稱（you）、第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)（we）、第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)（they）及復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Youaremyfriend./Wearehappy./Thebooksareonthedesk.（二）練習(xí)題1.用am,is,are填空：*I______agirl.*He______mybrother.*We______intheclassroom.*Thedog______blackandwhite.*You______agoodstudent.*They______playinggames.*This______mypencil.*Those______apples.2.判斷下列句子中be動(dòng)詞使用是否正確，對(duì)的打√，錯(cuò)的打×并改正：*Sheamateacher.()______*Theyishappy.()______*Iistenyearsold.()______*Theflowersarebeautiful.()______三、冠詞(a,an,the)冠詞是置于名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或事物的一種虛詞。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧1.不定冠詞a/an：表示泛指“一個(gè)”，用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。*`a`用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如：abook,acat,auniversity(ju是輔音音素開頭)。*`an`用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如：anapple,anegg,anhour(h不發(fā)音，our是元音音素開頭)。2.定冠詞the：表示特指“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”。*用于上文提到過的人或事物。*用于獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：thesun,themoon,theearth。*用于樂器名稱前。如：playthepiano,playtheviolin。*用于江河湖海、山脈、群島等專有名詞前。（小學(xué)階段接觸較少，可簡(jiǎn)單了解）3.零冠詞：名詞前不加冠詞的情況。*復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)。如：Dogsarefriendly.*不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)。如：Waterisimportant.*三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如：havebreakfast,playfootball。（二）練習(xí)題1.用a,an,the或/(不填)填空：*Thisis______book.______bookisred.*Ihave______apple.______appleissweet.*Sheplays______pianoeveryday.*Wegotoschoolby______bus.*______sunisbrighttoday.*Heis______honestboy.*Theyhave______dinnerat7pm.*Iwanttobe______doctor.2.選擇填空：*Isee______elephantinthezoo.(a/an/the)*Sheis______universitystudent.(a/an/the)*Doyoulike______music?(a/an//)*______girlinredismysister.(A/An/The)四、代詞(人稱代詞、物主代詞)代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞詞組的詞。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧1.人稱代詞：*主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(作主語(yǔ))*賓格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them(作賓語(yǔ))2.物主代詞：*形容詞性物主代詞：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(后接名詞)*名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(后不接名詞，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”)（二）練習(xí)題1.用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞主格或賓格填空：*______(I)amastudent.______(Myteacher)likes______(I).*ThisisTom.______(He)ismyfriend.Ioftenplaywith______(he).*Thecatiscute.______(It)iswhite.Welike______(it).*TheseareLucyandLily.______(They)aresisters.Igotoschoolwith______(they)everyday.2.用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞性物主代詞填空：*Thisis______(I)book.______(You)isonthedesk.*Theredpenis______(she).______(He)penisblue.*Theseare______(we)toys.Thoseare______(they).*Isthis______(you)bag?No,it'snot______(I).五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能，會(huì))情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)，如能力、允許、推測(cè)等。小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)習(xí)can的用法。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧*肯定句：主語(yǔ)+can+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如：Icanswim./Shecansing.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+cannot(can't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如：Ican'tfly./Hecan'tdance.*一般疑問句：Can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+can.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+can't.如：Canyoujump?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.（二）練習(xí)題1.用can或can't填空：*I______playbasketball,butI______playfootball.*Thebird______fly,butthedog______.*______youswim?Yes,I______.*She______speakEnglish,butshe______speakChinese.2.將下列句子改為否定句和一般疑問句，并作肯定、否定回答：*Hecanrideabike.否定句：______一般疑問句：______肯定回答：______否定回答：______*Theycansingsongs.否定句：______一般疑問句：______肯定回答：______否定回答：______六、介詞(in,on,under,at,with,from等)介詞用于表示名詞或代詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方向、方式等。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧*in：在……里面/某年某月/穿著。如：inthebox,inMay,inred。*on：在……上面（有接觸）/具體某一天。如：onthedesk,onMonday,onJune1st。*under：在……下面。如：underthechair。*at：在（具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)/小地點(diǎn)）。如：atsixo'clock,atschool,athome。*with：和……一起/用……（工具）。如：playwithTom,writewithapen。（二）練習(xí)題1.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空(in,on,under,at,with,from)：*Thebookis______thedesk.*Mybirthdayis______July.*Igetup______6:30everymorning.*Thecatis______thetable.*Shegoestoschool______herbrother.*Heis______Beijing.*What's______yourhand?*Wehavedinner______home.2.看圖選擇正確的介詞填空(假設(shè)圖中顯示：球在盒子里，貓?jiān)谝巫由?，男孩拿著一本?：*Theballis______thebox.(in/on/under)*Thecatis______thechair.(in/on/under)*Theboyisreading______abook.(in/with/from)七、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或客觀事實(shí)、真理。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧1.動(dòng)詞原形：用于主語(yǔ)是第一人稱（I,we）、第二人稱（you）及第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)（they,復(fù)數(shù)名詞）。*Ilikeapples./Youstudyhard./TheyplayfootballeverySunday./Dogslikebones.2.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式：用于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,單數(shù)名詞）。*變化規(guī)則：*一般情況加`-s`。如：like→likes,play→plays。*以`s,x,ch,sh,o`結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加`-es`。如：watch→watches,wash→washes,go→goes,do→does。*以輔音字母加`y`結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變`y`為`i`加`-es`。如：study→studies,fly→flies。*Helikesbananas./ShewatchesTVintheevening./Iteatsgrass./Mymothercookswell.（二）練習(xí)題1.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：*I______(like)English.*He______(go)toschoolbybikeeveryday.*Mymother______(cook)dinnerintheevening.*They______(play)gamesafterschool.*Thesun______(rise)intheeast.(rise-rises)*She______(wash)herfaceeverymorning.2.將下列句子改為否定句和一般疑問句：*IplayfootballonSundays.否定句：______一般疑問句：______*Hegoestoschoolat7:00.否定句：______(提示：借助助動(dòng)詞doesn't,動(dòng)詞還原)一般疑問句：______(提示：借助助動(dòng)詞does,動(dòng)詞還原)八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（一）知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式+其他。*動(dòng)詞-ing形式變化規(guī)則：*一般情況直接加`-ing`。如：play→playing,read→reading。*以不發(fā)音的`e`結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去`e`加`-ing`。如：make→making,write→writing,dance→dancing。*以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加`-ing`。如：run→running,swim→swimming,sit→sitting。*標(biāo)志詞：now,look,listen等。如：Look!Theboyisrunning.（二）練習(xí)題1.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的-ing形式：*sing→______*dance→______*run→______*eat→______*make→______*swim→______2.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))：*Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.*Look!Thechildren______(play)basketball.*I______(do)myhomeworknow.*Myfather______(read)anewspaperatthemoment.*What______you______(do)?I______(watch)TV.3.將下列句子改為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：*Heplaysfootball.→He____________footballnow.*Ireadabook.→I____________abooknow.九、綜合測(cè)試題（一）單項(xiàng)選擇(共10小題，每小題2分，共20分)1.Thisis______orange.______orangeissweet.A.a,AnB.an,TheC.the,A2.Myfather______ateacher.He______inaschool.A.is,workB.are,worksC.is,works3.--______youswim?--Yes,I______.A.Can,canB.Do,canC.Can,do4.There_____