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高中英語定語從句詳解◆英語諺語欣賞1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂裝懂,一事無成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.
甘當(dāng)小綿羊,遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.
概念:(1)
定語從句:在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2)
先行詞:被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞,短語,或整個主句。(3)
引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用:1)
引導(dǎo)定語從句,連接主句和從句,相當(dāng)于一個連詞;2)
必在從句中作某個句子成份(可以做主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語)常用的關(guān)系代詞:that、
which、
who、whom、whose、as常用的關(guān)系副詞(在從句中只作狀語):when、why、
whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定語從句三步:第一找出先行詞;第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能(做主語、賓語或狀語);第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ.
幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法:●that:
可指人或物;在定語從句中作主語,賓語,表語。(指人時,相當(dāng)于who或
whom;指物時,相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;
不可置于介詞后作賓語)
如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主語)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.
(賓語)4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表語)7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:
指物;在定語從句中作主語,賓語,表語,定語。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主語)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(賓語)3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.
(表語)5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定語)6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.●who,whom,whose:who:
主格,
在從句中作主語,在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;
只可指人whom:
賓格,在從句中作賓語;
只可指人whose:
屬格,在從句中作定語,可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.
(主語)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.
(賓語)He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.
(指物)=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome1.關(guān)系代詞
whose,引導(dǎo)定語從句時,既可指人,又可指物,在從句中只能作定語;ofwhom
只能指人;ofwhich
只能指物,有時
whose
可以與
ofwhom
和
ofwhich
互換使用。如:ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.
頭發(fā)金色的那個女孩是英國人。Thehousewhosedoorsaregreenisanofficebuilding.
門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2.“介詞
+whose+名詞”
引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.
我愛我的祖國,為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。3.在下列情況下,一般只用
ofwhom
和
ofwhich。(1)定語從句的主語是
few,little,some,most,many,much等時,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.
房間里有很多人,很多人我不認(rèn)識。Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.
他有很多故事書,有幾本故事書我還從未看過。(2)定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級時,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.
那個老人有三個小孩,其中兩個是大學(xué)生,另一個是經(jīng)理。(3)定語從句的主語是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代詞時,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
我們班有五十個學(xué)生,所有這五十個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.
去年他栽了兩棵樹,這兩棵樹都長得好。(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.
它有三兄弟,李蕾是他們中最小的一個。TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.
亞洲有很多國家,中國是最大的一個。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時,
介詞可放于從句之首,
也可放于從句之末.
但以放于句首較為正式.(介詞前置,必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who
和
that
用作介詞賓語時,
介詞必須放在句末.)關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則:一先,二動,三意義(重中之重)1.一先,即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.
二動,即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.
(spendmoneyonsth.)3.
三意義,即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.
(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組,不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,hearof\about\from,carefor,lookforward,payattentionto,listento等)●as
的用法:(as
引導(dǎo)定語從句,
在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的,多用于thesame
…as;thesameas;such
…as
…;asmany/muchas;so
…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).
我有一本和你的一樣的書。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用,
在從句中用作表語,
先行詞是same.).---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比較:Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比較:Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.
(定語從句)Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)②如為非限制性的,多單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句,這種定語從句可置于句首,句中或句尾,譯為"正如,這一點"。(動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as
作賓語)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
(as
作主語)=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as
作賓語)=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.
(賓語,
先行詞是前面整個句子)Ⅲ.
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:●When
指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞(如:time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意:先行詞為"時間名詞",可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語;還可以用which或that
引導(dǎo),which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較:Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作狀語)Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.
(作賓語)Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhou
Ⅴ
waslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.●Where
指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞,如:place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注意:先行詞是"地點名詞",定語從句可用where引導(dǎo),還可用which或that引導(dǎo),which/that
在從句中作主語或賓語。比較:
※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.
(作狀語)在高中的英語學(xué)習(xí)中,我們都知道,where在定語從句中用作關(guān)系副詞,作狀語,先行詞一般指地點。例如:
Thisisthefarmwhereweworkedwhenwewereyoung.
這就是我們年輕時候在此干活的農(nóng)場。
Hemethiswifeintheparkwheretheyfellinlovewitheachother.他是在這個公園遇到他的妻子,就是在那里,他們相愛了。
當(dāng)然,在實際的英語學(xué)習(xí)中,where在定語從句中的用法遠(yuǎn)不是這么簡單,相反,要復(fù)雜得多,為了讓學(xué)生對where在定語從句中的用法有更好的了解,下面我就對學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重難點問題談一談它的用法。
一、某些在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與where
互換,where=in/at/on/...which
例如:ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,并不是單純地讓學(xué)生知道where的這種用法就可以了,很多時候?qū)W生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別,才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。例如:
Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedlastyear.
Thisisthefactorythat/which/youvisitedlastyear.
在第一句中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語,所以用關(guān)系副詞where或者inwhich,因為定語從句中worked
是個不及物動詞;而在第二句中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語,因此用that或which,還可以省略,visited是個及物動詞。學(xué)生有時還會碰到更復(fù)雜的情況。例如:
Isthisfactorytheonethat/which/\youvisitedlastyear?
Isthisfactorytheonewhere/inwhichyoulivedlastyear?
Isthisthefactorywhere/inwhichyoulivedlastyear?
這幾個句子比前面的兩個句子又復(fù)雜,除了要區(qū)別關(guān)系詞在定語句子作什么成分,還要注意到前兩個句子缺成分,所以要補充
theone。
二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞
where引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點的名詞,但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句修飾point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時,常用where
引導(dǎo),意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況中”
。為了幫助同學(xué)們熟悉這一語言現(xiàn)象,正確掌握這一知識點,對where定語從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。
1)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point
Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.
你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。
Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我們到了必須改一改的地步。
注:有時point也可以是具體的地點:
TheaccidenthappenedatthepointwheretheA15joinstheM1.
事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。
2)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case
Therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.
在一些情況下,mighty一詞可用作副詞。
3)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity
Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethanhearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為,舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。
4)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation
Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.
他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。
5)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position
It’sputmeinapositionwhereIcan’taffordtotakethejob.
這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。
6)
where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job
Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.
她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。
當(dāng)然了,我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時并不一定都用where,我們也要具體情況具體分析,他們只有在定語從句中作狀語時才用where。
例如:Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.when
---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?
---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.
A.why
B.where
C.how
D./
上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同,都是point,但是由于他們在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?,所以我們在選擇關(guān)系詞時就要區(qū)別對待。第一個句子中關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語,所以選擇where關(guān)系副詞;第二個句子中關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語,所以選擇關(guān)系代詞that,which或者不填,這樣第一題選擇C,第二題選擇D。Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.
(作賓語)Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.●Why
指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason
時,可用forwhich指代;當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時,則用which或that
引導(dǎo)。如:Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.
(作賓語)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
(作主語)Ex.)Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate..Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表語從句)(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定語從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時,定語從句常用that,inwhich,或不用引導(dǎo)。way后的定語從句
的引導(dǎo)詞不用時較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時,則用which或that
引導(dǎo)。如:Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.比較:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.Ⅳ.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:1.
形式上,非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2.
語法上,非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3.
語義上,限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密,起限定作用,如果去掉了這個定語從句,整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密,對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.
這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.
北京是中國八百年之久的古都,它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4.
翻譯時,限制性定語從句可譯為一句(較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu));而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。(見上句翻譯)比較:
Hehasasister,whoisamusician.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞,指人時用who,whom,whose,
指物時用which,whose;
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,etc.1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Ⅴ.
幾個易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:●that&which:在定語從句中,which
和that
在指代事物時,一般可以互換使用,但并非在任何情況下都是這樣,這里介紹宜用that,
而不宜用which
的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時。1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.比較
*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.⑤先行詞既有人又有物,用which和who都不適合,這時宜用that.
如:1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時.1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.⑦如果有兩個從句,其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑧疑問詞是who或which,關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免重復(fù)。1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?⑨主句是Therebe
結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that
作關(guān)系代詞.
如:1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.⑩被修飾成分為表語時,或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that
的情況:①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時.1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?②在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)③在一個句子中有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,
另一個宜用which.1.Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時.1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.⑤先行詞本身是that,
宜用which.What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.(B)who&that:who
和
that
指代人時,有些情況宜用who,
而不宜用that①先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時.
如:1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.②在Therebe
結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who
指代人.
如:1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時.
如:1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個則宜用who,
以免重復(fù).
如:1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的異同一、相同點兩者引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,可指代主句中的部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容,在從句中做主語,賓語或表語,位于主句之后有時可互換。Themeetingwasputoff,as/whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.Hewasadoctor,as/whichIknewfromhismanner.二、不同點1.as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。Asisknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Air,asweknow,isgas.2.在非限制性從句中,which后的be動詞不可省;as而后的be動詞可以省略。Shetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.Thematerialiselastic,as(was)showninthefigure.3.which在非限制性定語從句做主語時可用各類動詞做謂語;而as做主語時,謂語常用系動詞,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行為動詞。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.4.as常用“正如”含義,常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有asweknow(眾所周知);asoftenhappens(正如常發(fā)生的那樣);asisoftenthecase(情況常常如此);asweallcansee(正如我們看到的);beannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首,偶爾也可以放句中或句末。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Katewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.5.
在非限制性定語從句中which指代主句中某一個單詞時,as不可以。Mybrotherenjoyedplayingbasketball,whichhereallyplayswell.Beijing,whichhewasbornin,isourcapital.6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(介賓代物)”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。TheTravelAgency,withwhichourcompanyhasbeendealingforseveralyears,hasopenedfornewbranches.Airisamixtureofgases,ofwhichoxygenforms21percent.7.
從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時,常用which。
HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.Metalwillbearbeatingwithahammer,whichastonewillnot8.在非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句時,常用which
Hesaidhehadpassedtheexam,whichwasuntrue.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞省略與保留我們知道,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略,但也有幾種特殊情況,關(guān)系代詞不用作賓語也可以省略,同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)和使用時請注意。在下列情況下,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以省略。一、that在定語從句中作
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