中醫(yī)藥基礎理論英語術語大全中醫(yī)藥學作為中華民族數千年智慧的結晶，其理論體系博大精深，源遠流長。準確理解和運用中醫(yī)藥基礎理論術語，是學習、研究與傳播中醫(yī)藥文化的基石。本文旨在系統梳理中醫(yī)藥基礎理論中的核心術語，并提供規(guī)范的英文譯法及簡要闡釋，以期為相關從業(yè)者、學習者及愛好者提供一份實用的參考資料。一、基本概念(BasicConcepts)中醫(yī)藥理論的基石在于對生命活動和自然規(guī)律的獨特認知。以下術語是理解整個理論體系的入門鑰匙。1.1氣(Qi)*英文譯名:Qi(通常不翻譯，或意譯為VitalEnergy/LifeForce)*簡要闡釋:氣是構成人體和維持人體生命活動的最基本物質，具有推動、溫煦、防御、固攝和氣化等作用。它運行不息，流通全身。1.2陰陽(YinandYang)*英文譯名:YinandYang*簡要闡釋:陰陽是中國古代哲學的一對范疇，用以概括宇宙間相互關聯的事物或現象對立統一的兩個方面。中醫(yī)藥學運用陰陽學說闡釋人體的組織結構、生理功能、病理變化，并指導疾病的診斷與治療。*Explanation:YinandYangareapairofcategoriesinancientChinesephilosophy,usedtogeneralizethetwoopposingyetunifiedaspectsofinterrelatedthingsorphenomenaintheuniverse.InTCM,thetheoryofYinandYangisappliedtoexplainthebody'sorganizationalstructure,physiologicalfunctions,pathologicalchanges,andtoguidediagnosisandtreatment.1.3五行(FiveElements/Phases)*英文譯名:FiveElements(WuXing)/FivePhases*簡要闡釋:指木(Wood)、火(Fire)、土(Earth)、金(Metal)、水(Water)五種物質的運動變化。五行學說認為宇宙萬物由這五種基本物質構成，并以相生相克的規(guī)律相互資生、相互制約，維持著動態(tài)平衡。中醫(yī)藥學借此闡釋人體臟腑組織之間的生理聯系和病理影響。二、臟腑理論(Zang-FuOrganTheory)臟腑是中醫(yī)藥學對人體內臟的總稱，包括五臟、六腑和奇恒之腑，它們各有不同的生理功能，又相互協調配合，共同完成人體的生命活動。2.1五臟(FiveZang-Organs)指心、肝、脾、肺、腎，其主要生理功能是化生和貯藏精氣。*英文譯名:FiveZang-Organs(FiveSolidOrgans)*Explanation:ReferstotheHeart,Liver,Spleen,Lung,andKidney.Theirmainphysiologicalfunctionsaretotransformandstoreessence-qi.*心(Heart)*英文譯名:Heart(Xin)*簡要闡釋:主血脈，主神志，為“君主之官”。*Explanation:Governsbloodvesselsandstoresspirit(shen).Itisconsideredthe"monarchorgan."*肝(Liver)*英文譯名:Liver(Gan)*簡要闡釋:主疏泄，主藏血，主筋，其華在爪。*Explanation:Governsfreeflowofqi,storesblood,dominatestendons,anditsconditionisreflectedinthenails.*脾(Spleen)*英文譯名:Spleen(Pi)*簡要闡釋:主運化，主升清，主統血，主肌肉、四肢。*Explanation:Governstransportationandtransformation,ascendstheclear,controlsblood,anddominatesmusclesandlimbs.*肺(Lung)*英文譯名:Lung(Fei)*簡要闡釋:主氣司呼吸，主宣發(fā)肅降，通調水道，朝百脈，主治節(jié)。*Explanation:Governsqiandrespiration,dominatesdispersionanddescent,regulateswaterpassages,connectswithallvessels,andisinchargeofregulation.*腎(Kidney)*英文譯名:Kidney(Shen)*簡要闡釋:藏精，主水，主納氣，為“先天之本”，主骨生髓，其華在發(fā)。*Explanation:Storesessence,governswatermetabolism,receivesqi,isconsideredthe"rootofcongenitalconstitution,"dominatesbonesandproducesmarrow,anditsconditionisreflectedinthehair.2.2六腑(SixFu-Organs)指膽、胃、小腸、大腸、膀胱、三焦，其主要生理功能是受盛和傳化水谷。*英文譯名:SixFu-Organs(SixHollowOrgans)*Explanation:ReferstotheGallbladder,Stomach,SmallIntestine,LargeIntestine,Bladder,andSanjiao(TripleEnergizer).Theirmainphysiologicalfunctionsaretoreceive,digest,andtransmitfoodanddrink.*膽(Gallbladder)*英文譯名:Gallbladder(Dan)*簡要闡釋:貯藏和排泄膽汁，主決斷。*Explanation:Storesandexcretesbile,andisresponsiblefordecision-making.*胃(Stomach)*英文譯名:Stomach(Wei)*簡要闡釋:受納腐熟水谷，主通降。*Explanation:Receivesanddigestsfood,andgovernsdownwardpassage.*小腸(SmallIntestine)*英文譯名:SmallIntestine(Xiaochang)*簡要闡釋:受盛化物，泌別清濁。*Explanation:Receivesandtransformsdigestedfood,separatestheclearfromtheturbid.*大腸(LargeIntestine)*英文譯名:LargeIntestine(Dachang)*簡要闡釋:傳化糟粕。*Explanation:Transmitsandexcreteswaste.*膀胱(Bladder)*英文譯名:Bladder(Pangguang)*簡要闡釋:貯存和排泄尿液。*Explanation:Storesandexcretesurine.*三焦(TripleEnergizer)*英文譯名:Sanjiao(TripleBurner/TripleEnergizer)*簡要闡釋:通行諸氣，運行水液，是水谷精微運行、水液代謝的通道。分為上焦、中焦、下焦。*Explanation:Functionstocirculateqiandwater.Itisapassageforthetransportationoffoodessenceandthemetabolismofbodyfluids.ItisdividedintoUpperJiao,MiddleJiao,andLowerJiao.2.3奇恒之腑(ExtraordinaryFu-Organs)指腦、髓、骨、脈、膽、女子胞（子宮），它們在形態(tài)上多類似腑，在功能上多類似臟。*英文譯名:ExtraordinaryFu-Organs*Explanation:ReferstotheBrain,Marrow,Bone,Vessel,Gallbladder,andUterus(NüziBao).Morphologically,theyresemblethefu-organs,whilefunctionally,theyaresimilartothezang-organs.三、氣血津液(Qi,Blood,andBodyFluids)氣血津液是構成人體和維持人體生命活動的基本物質，也是臟腑功能活動的物質基礎。3.1氣(Qi)(詳見1.1氣)此處著重其分類與功能。*主要分類及功能(MainClassificationsandFunctions):*元氣(PrimordialQi/Yuanqi)*英文譯名:PrimordialQi(Yuanqi)*簡要闡釋:生命的本源之氣，根于腎，推動人體的生長發(fā)育和生殖功能。*Explanation:Theprimaryqioflife,rootedintheKidney,promotesgrowth,development,andreproductivefunction.*宗氣(PectoralQi/Zongqi)*英文譯名:PectoralQi(Zongqi)*簡要闡釋:積于胸中，走息道以行呼吸，貫心脈以行氣血。*Explanation:Accumulatesinthechest,flowsthroughtherespiratorytracttoaidbreathing,andpermeatestheheartvesselstopromotebloodcirculation.*營氣(NutritiveQi/Yingqi)*英文譯名:NutritiveQi(Yingqi)*簡要闡釋:行于脈中，化生血液，營養(yǎng)周身。*Explanation:Flowswithinthebloodvessels,transformsintoblood,andnourishestheentirebody.*衛(wèi)氣(DefensiveQi/Weiqi)*英文譯名:DefensiveQi(Weiqi)*簡要闡釋:行于脈外，溫分肉，充皮膚，肥腠理，司開合，防御外邪。*Explanation:Flowsoutsidethebloodvessels,warmsthemuscles,fillstheskin,nourishestheinterstitialtissues,controlstheopeningandclosingofpores,anddefendsagainstexogenouspathogens.3.2血(Blood)*英文譯名:Blood(Xue)*簡要闡釋:由水谷精微所化生，具有營養(yǎng)和滋潤全身的作用，是神志活動的主要物質基礎。*Explanation:Derivedfromfoodessence,bloodnourishesandmoistenstheentirebodyandservesastheprimarymaterialbasisformentalactivities(shen).3.3津液(BodyFluids)*英文譯名:BodyFluids(Jinye)*簡要闡釋:機體一切正常水液的總稱，包括各臟腑組織的內在體液及其正常的分泌物，具有滋潤濡養(yǎng)、化生血液、調節(jié)陰陽等作用。*Explanation:Ageneraltermforallnormalwaterfluidsinthebody,includingtheinternalfluidsofvariouszang-fuorgansandtissuesandtheirnormalsecretions.Theyfunctiontomoisten,nourish,transformintoblood,andregulateYinandYang.四、經絡理論(MeridianTheory)經絡是運行全身氣血，聯絡臟腑肢節(jié)，溝通上下內外的通路，是中醫(yī)藥學理論體系的重要組成部分。4.1經絡(MeridiansandCollaterals)*英文譯名:MeridiansandCollaterals(Jingluo)*簡要闡釋:經脈和絡脈的總稱。經脈是主干，絡脈是分支。*Explanation:Ageneraltermformeridians(jing)andcollaterals(luo).Meridiansarethemaintrunks,andcollateralsarethebranches.4.2十二經脈(TwelveRegularMeridians)*英文譯名:TwelveRegularMeridians(TwelvePrimaryMeridians)*簡要闡釋:經絡系統的主體，包括手三陰經、手三陽經、足三陰經、足三陽經，分別絡屬于五臟六腑。*Explanation:Themainbodyofthemeridiansystem,includingtheThreeYinMeridiansoftheHand,ThreeYangMeridiansoftheHand,ThreeYinMeridiansoftheFoot,andThreeYangMeridiansoftheFoot,eachconnectingtoazangorfuorgan.4.3奇經八脈(EightExtraMeridians)*英文譯名:EightExtraMeridians*簡要闡釋:指督脈、任脈、沖脈、帶脈、陰蹺脈、陽蹺脈、陰維脈、陽維脈。它們不直接絡屬臟腑，具有調節(jié)十二經脈氣血的作用。*Explanation:ReferstotheDuMeridian(GovernorVessel),RenMeridian(ConceptionVessel),ChongMeridian(ThoroughfareVessel),DaiMeridian(GirdleVessel),YinqiaoMeridian(YinHeelVessel),YangqiaoMeridian(YangHeelVessel),YinweiMeridian(YinLinkingVessel),andYangweiMeridian(YangLinkingVessel).Theydonotdirectlyconnecttozang-fuorgansbutfunctiontoregulatetheqiandbloodoftheTwelveRegularMeridians.4.4腧穴(Acupoints)*英文譯名:Acupoints(Shuxue)*簡要闡釋:是臟腑經絡之氣輸注于體表的特殊部位，是針灸、推拿等療法的施術部位。*Explanation:Specificlocationsonthebodysurfacewhereqiofthezang-fuorgansandmeridiansinfuse.Theyarethesitesforacupuncture,tuina,andothertherapeuticinterventions.五、病因病機(EtiologyandPathogenesis)病因是指導致疾病發(fā)生的原因，病機是指疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展與變化的機理。5.1病因(Etiology)*英文譯名:Etiology(Bingyin-CausesofDisease)*外感六淫(SixExogenousPathogens)*英文譯名:SixExogenousPathogens(LiuYin)*簡要闡釋:風、寒、暑、濕、燥、火（熱）六種外感病邪的統稱。*Explanation:Ageneraltermforsixtypesofexogenouspathogenicfactors:Wind(Feng),Cold(Han),Summerheat(Shu),Dampness(Shi),Dryness(Zao),andFire(Heat)(Huo/Re).*內傷七情(SevenEmotionalFactors)*英文譯名:SevenEmotionalFactors(NeiShangQiQing)*簡要闡釋:喜、怒、憂、思、悲、恐、驚七種過度的情志變化，是內傷疾病的主要致病因素之一。*Explanation:Sevenexcessiveemotionalchanges:Joy(Xi),Anger(Nu),Anxiety(You),Pensiveness(Si),Grief(Bei),Fear(Kong),andFright(Jing).Theyareoneofthemainpathogenicfactorsforinternalinjuries.*飲食不節(jié)(ImproperDiet)*英文譯名:ImproperDiet(YinshiBuJie)*勞逸失度(OverstrainandLackofExercise)*英文譯名:OverstrainandLackofExercise(LaoyiShidu)*痰飲(PhlegmandRetainedFluid)*英文譯名:Phlegm(Tan)andRetainedFluid(Yin)*簡要闡釋:體內水液代謝障礙所形成的病理產物，又可成為新的致病因素。*瘀血(BloodStasis)*英文譯名:BloodStasis(YuXue)*簡要闡釋:血液運行不暢，或停滯于經脈、臟腑組織內的病理產物，也是一種重要的致病因素。*Explanation:Apathologicalproductresultingfrom不暢circulationorstagnationofbloodinmeridians,zang-fuorgans,ortissues,andisalsoanimportantpathogenicfactor.5.2病機(Pathogenesis)*英文譯名:Pathogenesis(Bingji-PathologicalMechanism)*簡要闡釋:疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展、變化的機理。主要包括邪正盛衰、陰陽失調、氣血失常、津液代謝失常以及臟腑功能失調等。*Explanation:Themechanismofoccurrence,development,andchangesofdiseases.Itmainlyincludesthe