[語(yǔ)法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.②Youcandoithoweveryoulike.③InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.However,thechallengesarestillgreat.④Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.⑤Althoughdevelopedcountriesgivesomefinancialhelp，theyneedtogivemuchmore.⑥Fastas/thoughyouread,youcan'tfinishthebookinthreedays.⑦Whileheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.1.由句①④可知，while,but可用作并列連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。2．由句③可知，however表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義時(shí)，常作副詞，作插入語(yǔ)。3．由②⑦可知，however,while還可用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，分別意為：無(wú)論；盡管。4．由句⑤⑥可知，as,though,although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)把a(bǔ)s,though引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首時(shí)，句子常采取倒裝語(yǔ)序，(though引導(dǎo)的從句可不倒裝)。[語(yǔ)法剖析]語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)一表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的however,but與while1．howeverhowever用作副詞時(shí)，意為“然而，不過(guò)”。它的語(yǔ)氣比but弱，不直接引出相反的意見(jiàn)，可放于句首和句中，且通常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.他的第一反應(yīng)是不同意，可是他后來(lái)改變了主意。Hehasn'tarrived.Hemay,however,elater.他還未到，不過(guò)，他可能晚一會(huì)兒來(lái)。[名師點(diǎn)津]however還可以用作從屬連詞，意為“無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Youshouldalwaystrytoachievemore,howeverwellyouhavedonebefore.不管以前做得多么好，你始終應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取更大的進(jìn)步。2．butbut是并列連詞，意為“但是”，常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的句子或一個(gè)句子中的兩個(gè)并列成分，表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折。I'daskedeverybodybutonlytwopeoplecame.每個(gè)人我都請(qǐng)了，卻只來(lái)了兩個(gè)人。Tomwenttotheparty,buthisbrotherdidn't.湯姆去參加聚會(huì)了，他的兄弟卻沒(méi)去。3．whilewhile用作并列連詞時(shí)，意為“卻，然而”，表示對(duì)比或用于引出相反的情況。White-collar(白領(lǐng))workersinChinaarewillingtopostponetheirretirementagewhileblue-collarworkersprefertoretireearly.中國(guó)白領(lǐng)個(gè)人更愿意推遲他們的退休年齡；而藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人更愿意早退休。集中演練11－1.用however,but或while填空①Wehadinvitedhim,buthedidn'tetotheparty.②Hesaidthatitwasso;hewasmistaken,however．③Youlikesports,whileI'dratherread.④Sailinginroughweathercouldbeveryunpleasant.However,wefounditexciting.⑤Hetriedhardbutdidnotsucceed.1－2.用括號(hào)中的詞連接兩個(gè)句子⑥TomplannedtomovetoBeijing.Hedecidednottoleavehere.(however)→TomplannedtomovetoBeijing.However,hedecidednottoleavehere.⑦Itishotinsummerhere.Itisnotcoldinwinter.(while)→Itishotinsummerherewhileitisnotcoldinwinter.⑧Shelikesbreadandmilkalittle.Shedoesn'tlikeeggsatall.(but)→Shelikesbreadandmilkalittlebutshedoesn'tlikeeggsatall.⑨Youlikeplayingtennis.Ilikereading.(while)→Youlikeplayingtennis,whileIlikereading.⑩I'dliketogowithyou.Myhandsarefull.(however)→I'dliketogowithyou;however,myhandsarefull.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)二表示讓步關(guān)系的從屬連詞1．a(chǎn)lthough與though(1)這兩個(gè)詞意思相同，通常可以換用，但although語(yǔ)氣較重，通常放在句首，并用于正式場(chǎng)合。這兩個(gè)詞都不與but連用，但可與yet或still連用。Althoughitissnowing，(yet)itisnotverycold.雖然下著雪，但天并不是很冷。(2)though作“盡管”講，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝，即把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，若表語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前置時(shí)要省去不定冠詞。Childthoughheis,heknowsalot.雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。TrythoughImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.不管我怎樣努力，還是搬不動(dòng)那塊石頭。[名師點(diǎn)津]though除作連詞外，還可用作副詞，意為“但是，然而”，常置于句末；句子較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，也可置于句中。Shepromisedtophone.Iheardnothing,though.她答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái)，可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到回信兒。2．a(chǎn)sas引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到從句句首，其用法同though。Poorasheis,helivesahappylife.他雖然窮，但過(guò)得很幸福。Muchashelovedher,hedidn'ttellher.盡管他很愛(ài)她，但沒(méi)有告訴她。3．whilewhile引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然；盡管”，while從句常置于句首。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題存在，但我不同意說(shuō)這些問(wèn)題不能解決。集中演練22－1.句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thoughhelikesdrawing,hisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit.→Helikesdrawing,buthisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit．→Helikesdrawing,however,hisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit．②Althoughsheisclever,shedoesn'tstudyveryhard.→Cleverthough/assheis,shedoesn'tstudyveryhard.③Heknewallhisfriendswouldbethere,buthedidn'twanttogo.→Heknewallhisfriendswouldbethere.Hedidn'twanttogo,though/however．④WhileIdon'tlikepopmusicverymuch,IthinkthissongbyJayChousoundsbeautiful.→Although/ThoughIdon'tlikepopmusicverymuch,IthinkthissongbyJayChousoundsbeautiful.2－2.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的詞完成句子⑤盡管我愿意幫忙，但是我沒(méi)有很多時(shí)間。(while)WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.⑥雖然天空下著小雨，但我還是很想出去。(though)I'dquiteliketogoout,thoughitisabitrainy.⑦他是個(gè)差勁的經(jīng)理，然而還是沒(méi)有理由解雇(dismiss)他。(though)He'sabadmanager.There'snoreason,though,todismisshim．⑧雖然獨(dú)自生活，但他很開(kāi)心。(yet)Althoughhelivesalone,yetheishappy．[鏈接高考]選詞填空1．(2015·福建高考)While(unless,since,while)thestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.解析：句意：盡管學(xué)生都來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家，他們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)里面都相處得很好。while“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，符合句意。2．(2015·安徽高考)Though(once,since,though)scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.解析：句意：雖然科學(xué)家已經(jīng)了解到很多有關(guān)宇宙的知識(shí)，但是，我們?nèi)匀徊恢赖倪€有很多。though“雖然”表示讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折，這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。3．(2014·山東高考)Idon'treallyliketheauthor,although(unless,once,although)Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.解析：主句“我不是真心喜歡這個(gè)作者”與從句“不得不承認(rèn)他的書(shū)真的非常振奮人心”形成了讓步關(guān)系，故選擇although。4．(2014·江蘇高考)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,though(since,unless,though)historycannotbechanged.解析：句意：盡管歷史無(wú)法改變，教訓(xùn)卻能夠被吸取來(lái)面對(duì)未來(lái)。though“盡管”，符合句意。5.(2013·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,but(and,but,or)Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.解析：根據(jù)句意：再次見(jiàn)到Jenny我很高興，但我不想整天都和她一起度過(guò)。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，符合句意。6．(2013·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscoverywhile(since,if,while)anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.解析：根據(jù)句意，前后兩句話為兩種情況的對(duì)比“為什么一個(gè)人會(huì)做出一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而另一個(gè)人，也很聰明，但是失敗了?！辈⒘羞B詞while表示對(duì)比。7.(2013·重慶高考)It'snoteasytochangehabits,but(but,for,so)withawarenessandself-control,itispossible.解析：根據(jù)句意，改變習(xí)慣不易，但如果是有意識(shí)和有自我控制能力的話，還是有可能的。故前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用并列連詞but。8．(2012·湖南高考)However(whatever,whenever,however)hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.解析：句意：無(wú)論你多么努力，如果不減少飲食，那么減肥是很難做到的。由句意可知選however，意為“無(wú)論多么”。[針對(duì)演練]Ⅰ.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1．Ithoughtwe'dbelatefortheconcert,but(so,but)weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.2．—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.—Thefirsttwoarefreewhile(when,while)thethirdcosts30.3．Johnsaveshismoney,while(while,though)Georgespendsallhegets.4．I'dlovetoe,but(while,but)Ican'tmakeittill8o'clock.5．While(before,while)I'mwritingthis,youcanbedoingsomethingelse.6．Though(whether,though)timeswerechanged,BursleywasstillBursley.7．Thesouthofthecountrygrowsricher,while(though,while)thenorthgrowspoorer.8．Though(though,as)heisveryold，heishealthy.9．Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneywhile(but,while)menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.10．Itjustisn'tfair:while(while,though)Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.Ⅱ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的詞完成句子1．雖然他很喜歡那所大房子，但他買不起。(while)Whilehelikesthebighouseverymuch，hecan'taffordit.2．盡管這個(gè)女演員還是個(gè)孩子，卻吸引了大批觀眾。(as)Childthoughshewas,theactressdrewwideaudiences.3．雖然電視有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但對(duì)人們也有一些壞的影響。(although)AlthoughTVhasmanybenefits,ithassomebadeffectsonpeople.4．一些人支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，而另一些人反對(duì)它。(while)Somearefortheplanwhile