絕密★啟用前2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（二）（科目代碼：204）◎考生注意事項◎定位置上填寫報考單位、考生姓名和考生編號，并涂寫考生編號信息點。紙、試題冊上答題無效。楚；涂寫部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。4．考試結束，將答題卡和試題冊按規(guī)定交回。（以下信息考生必須認真填寫）考生編號考生姓名2224年英語二試題 第10頁 （共4頁）2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試英 語（二）SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)sociallifeisdefinedas'theactivitiesyoudowithotherpeople,forpleasure,whenyouarenotworking'.It'simportanttohaveasociallife,butwhat'srightforonepersonwon'tberightforanother.Someofusfeelenergisedbyspendinglotsoftimewithothers,1someofusmayfeeldrained,evenifit'sdoingsomethingweThisiswhyfindinga2inyoursociallifeisSpendingtoomuchtimeonyourown,not3others,canmakeyoufeellonelyand4.Lonelinessisknowntoimpactonyourmentalhealthand5alowmood.Anyonecanfeellonelyatanytime.Thismightbeespeciallytrueif,6youareworkingfromhomeandyouare7onthesocialconversationsthathappeninanoffice.Otherlifechangesalso8periodsoflonelinesstoo,suchasretirement,changingjobsorbecomingaparent.It'simportanttorecognisethesefeelingsofloneliness.Therearewaysto9asociallife.Butitbeoverwhelming10.It'sagreatideatostartbythinkingabouthobbiesyoucanthenfindgroupsandactivitiesrelatedtothosewhereyouwillbeabletomeetpeople.Therearegroupsaimedatnewparents,atthosewhowantto12anewsportforthefirsttimeornetworkingeventsforthoseinthesameprofessiontomeetupand13ideas.Ontheotherhand,itis14possibletohavetoomuchofasociallife.Ifyoufeellikeyou'realwaysdoingsomethingandthereisneverany15inyourcalendarfordowntime,youcouldsuffersocialburnoutorsocial16allhaveourownsociallimitandit'simportanttorecognizewhenyou'refeelinglikeit'salltoomuch.Lowmood,lowirritabilityandtroublesleepingcouldallbe17ofpoorsocialhealth.Makesureyou18sometimeinyourdiarywhenyou're19forsocialisingandusethistimetorelax,20andrecover.[A]Because[A]contrast[B]unless[B]balance[C]whereas[C]link[D]until[D]gap[A]seeing[A]misguide[B]pleasing[B]surprised[C]judging[C]spoiled[D]teaching[D]disconnected[A]contributedto[A]infact[B]relyon[B]ofcourse[C]interferewith[C]forexample[D]goagainst[D]onaverage[A]cuttingback[A]shorten[B]missingout[B]trigger[C]breakingin[C]follow[D]lookingdown[D]interrupt9.[A]assess10.[A]atfirst[B]interpret[B]inturn[C]provide[C]ontime[D]regain[D]bychance11.[A]far-sighted12.[A]try[B]strong-willed[B]promote[C]kind-hearted[C]watch[D]like-minded[D]describe13.[A]test14.[A]already[B]share[B]thus[C]accept[C]also[D]revise[D]only15.[A]list16.[A]fatigue[B]order[B]criticism[C]space[C]injustice[D]boundary[D]dilemma17.[A]sources18.[A]takeover[B]standards[B]wipeoff[C]signs[C]addup[D]scores[D]markout19.[A]ungrateful20.[A]react[B]unavailable[B]repeat[C]responsible[C]return[D]regretful[D]restPartA

SectionII ReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)1AngeroverAI’sroleinexacerbatinginequalitycouldendangerthetechnology’sfuture.InhernewbookCogsandMonsters:WhatEconomicsIs,andWhatItShouldBe,DianeCoyle,aneconomistatCambridgeUniversity,arguesthatthedigitaleconomyrequiresnewwaysofthinkingaboutprogress.“Whateverwemeanbytheeconomygrowing,bythingsgettingbetter,thegainswillhavetobemoreevenlysharedthanintherecentpast,”shewrites.“Aneconomyoftechmillionairesorbillionairesandgigworkers,withmiddle-incomejobsundercutbyautomation,willnotbepoliticallysustainable.”Improvinglivingstandardsandincreasingprosperityformorepeoplewillrequiregreateruseofdigitaltechnologiestoboostproductivityinvarioussectors,includinghealthcareandconstruction,saysCoyle.Butpeoplecan’tbeexpectedtoembracethechangesifthey’renotseeingthebenefits—ifthey’rejustseeinggoodjobsbeingdestroyed.InarecentinterviewwithMITTechnologyReview,Coylesaidshefearsthattech’sinequalityproblemcouldbearoadblocktodeployingAI.“We’retalkingaboutdisruption,”shesays.“Thesearetransformativetechnologiesthatchangethewayswespendourtimeeveryday,thatchangebusinessmodelsthatsucceed.”Tomakesuch“tremendouschanges,”sheadds,youneedsocialbuy-in.Instead,saysCoyle,resentmentissimmeringamongmanyasthebenefitsareperceivedtogotoelitesinahandfulofprosperouscities.AccordingtotheBrookingsInstitution,ashortlistofeightAmericancitiesthatincludedSanFrancisco,SanJose,Boston,andSeattlehadroughly38%ofalltechjobsby2019.NewAItechnologiesareparticularlyconcentrated:Brookings’sMarkMuroandSifanLiuestimatethatjust15citiesaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheAIassetsandcapabilitiesintheUnitedStates(SanFranciscoandSanJosealoneaccountforaboutone-quarter).ThedominanceofafewcitiesintheinventionandcommercializationofAImeansthatgeographicaldisparitiesinwealthwillcontinuetosoar.Notonlywillthisfosterpoliticalandsocialunrest,butitcould,asCoylesuggests,holdbackthesortsofAItechnologiesneededforregionaleconomiestogrow.PartofthesolutioncouldlieinsomehowlooseningthestrangleholdthatBigTechhasondefiningtheAIagenda.Thatwilllikelytakeincreasedfederalfundingforresearchindependentofthetechgiants.MuroandothershavesuggestedheftyfederalfundingtohelpcreateUSregionalinnovationcenters,forexample.AmoreimmediateresponseistobroadenourdigitalimaginationstoconceiveofAItechnologiesthatdon’tsimplyreplacejobsbutexpandopportunitiesinthesectorsthatdifferentpartsofthecountrycaremostabout,likehealthcare,education,andmanufacturing.Coylearguesthateconomicgrowthshould .[A]giverisetoinnovations[B]diversitycareerchoices[C]benefitpeopleequally[D]bepromotedforcedlyInParagraph2,digitaltechnologiesshouldbeusedto .[A]bringaboutinstantprosperity[B]reducepeople’sworkload[C]raiseoverallworkefficiency[D]enhancecross-sectorcooperationWhatdoesCoylefearabouttransformativetechnologies?[A]Theymayaffectwork-lifebalance.[B]Theymaybeimpracticaltodeploy.[C]Theymayincurhugeexpenditure.[D]Theymayunwelcometopublic.Severalcitiesarementionedto .[A]theunevendistributionofAItechnologyinUS[B]disappointingprospectofjobsinUS[C]fastprogressofUSregionaleconomics[D]increasingsignificanceofUSAIassetsWithregardtoconcern,theauthorsuggest .[A]raisingfundstostartnewAIprojects[B]encouragingcollaborationinAIresearch[C]guardingagainstsideeffects[D]redefinetheroleofAI2TheUKisfacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,atradebodyhaswarned.Conforchiefsbelieveurgentactionisneededtoreducethecountry'srelianceontimberimportsandprovideastablesupplyofwoodforfuturegenerations.Currentlyonly20percentoftheUK'swoodrequirementishomegrownwhileitremainsthesecond-largestnetimporteroftimberintheworld,bringinginaround￡7.5billionannually.ComingatatimeoffreshincentivesfromtheUKgovernmentforlandownerstogrowmoretrees,thetradebodysaysthesedon'tgofarenoughandfailtopromotethebenefitsofplantingthemtoboosttimbersupplies."Notonlyarewefacingacarboncrisisbutwewillalsobefacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,"saidStuartGoodall,chiefexecutiveof"Fordecadeswehavenottakenresponsibilityforinvestinginourdomesticwoodsupply,leavingusexposedtofluctuatingpricesandfightingforfuturesuppliesofwoodasglobaldemandrisesandourownsuppliesfall."TheUKhasidealconditionsforgrowingwoodtobuildlow-carbonhomesandisagloballeaderincertifyingthatitsforestsaresustainablymanaged,ConforWhilearoundthreequartersofScottishhomesarebuiltfromScottishtimber,theuseofhome-grownwoodinEnglandisonlyaround25percent.ThecausesoftheUK'scurrentpositionarecomplexandrangefromoutdatedperceptionsofproductiveforestrytothedecimationoftreesfromgreysquirrels.Italsoencompassessignificanthesitationonbehalfoffarmersandotherlandownerstoinvestinlongertermplantingprojects.WhileproductivetreeplantingcandeliverrealfinancialbenefitstoruraleconomiesandcontributetotheUK'snetzerostrategy,thefocusofgovernmentsupportcontinuestobeonfoodproductionandtherewildingandplantingofnativewoodlandsolelyforbiodiversity.TherecentlylaunchedWoodlandCreationOffer,whichpledgesfarmersandlandowners￡10,000foreachhectareplanted,failedtomentiontimberproduction,albeittheForestryCommission'sRichardStanfordhassincespokenoftheimportanceofit.Stuartadded:"Whilefoodproductionandbiodiversityhealthareclearlyofcriticalimportance,weneedourlandtoalsoprovidesecuresuppliesofwoodforconstruction,manufacturingandtocontributetonetzero."WhiletheUKgovernmenthasstateditsambitionformoretreeplanting,therehasbeenlittleactionontheground.Conforisnowcallingformuchgreaterimpetusbehindthoseaspirationstoensurewehaveenoughwoodtomeetincreasingdemand."ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thattheUKneedto .[A]increasedomesticwoodsupply[B]reducedemandfortimber[C]lowerwoodproductioncosts[D]liftcontrolontimberimportsAccordingtoConfor,theUKgovernmentfreshincentives .[A]canhardlyaddressconstructioncrisis[B]arebelievedtocomeatwrongtime[C]seemtobemisleadingtolandowners[D]aretoocostlytoputintopracticeTheUKexposuretofluctuatingwoodpricesistheresultof .[A]government'sinactionontimberimport[B]inadequateinvestmentforwood[C]competitionamongtradersathome[D]woodproducers'motivetomaximizeprofits29.Whichoffollowingcausestheshortageofwoodsupply?[A]excessivetimberconsumptioninconstruction.[B]unfavorableconditionsintheUK.[C]outdatedtechnologyforwoodproduction.[D]farmers'unwillingnesstoplanttrees.WhatdoesStuartGoodallthinktheUKgovernmentshoulddo?[A]Subsidizethebuilding[B]Payattentiontoruraleconomy[C]Providesupportfortreeplanting[D]Giveprioritytopursuenet-zerostrategy3Oneofthebiggestchallengesinkeepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroadisconvincingthemthatit'stimetoturnoverthekeys."It'sacompletelife-changer"whensomeonestops-orisforcedtostop-driving,saidformerriskmanagerAnneM.Menke.“TheAmericanMedicalAssociationadvisesphysiciansthat'insituationswhereclearevidenceofsubstantialdrivingimpairmentimpliesastrongthreattopatientandpublicsafety,andwherethephysician'sadvicetodiscontinuedrivingprivilegesisignored,itisdesirableandethicaltonotifytheDepartmentofMotorMenkewrote.“Somestatesrequirephysicianstoreport,othersallowbutdonotmandatereports,whileafewconsiderareportabreachofconfidentiality.Therecouldbeliabilityandpenaltiesifaphysiciandoesnotactinaccordancewithstatelawsonreportingandconfidentiality,”shecounseled.Partoftheprobleminkeepingolderdriverssafeisthatthedifficultiesareaddressedpiecemealbydifferentprofessionswithdifferentfocuses,includinggerontologists,highwayadministrationofficials,automotiveengineersandothers,saidgerontologistElizabethDugan.“There'snotaNationalInstituteofOlderDriverStudies,”sheneedbetterevidenceonwhatmakesdriversunsafe”andwhatcanhelp,saidDugan.Onethingthatdoesseemtoworkisrequiringdriverstoreportinpersonforlicenserenewal.Mandatoryin-personrenewalwasassociatedwitha31percentreductioninfatalcrashesinvolvingdrivers85orolder,accordingtoonestudy.Passingvisiontestsalsoproducedasimilardeclineinfatalcrashesforthosedrivers,althoughthereappearedtobenobenefitfromcombiningthetwo.Manyolderdriversdon'tseeeyedoctorsorcan'taffordto.Primarycareprovidershavetheirhandsfullandmaynotbeabletofollowthroughwithpatientswhohavetroubledrivingbecausetheycan'tturntheirheadsorrememberwheretheyaregoing-orhavegottenshorterandhaven'tchangedtheirseatsettingssufficientlytoreachcarpedalseasily.Aslongasthereareothercarsontheroads,self-drivingcarswon'tsolvetheproblemsofcrashes,saidDugan.dangersposedbyallthosehumandriverswouldrequiretoomanyalgorithms,shesaid.ButweneedtodomoretoimprovesaidDugan.“Ifwe'regoingtohave100-yearlives,weneedcarsthata90-year-oldcandrivecomfortablyAccordingtoParagraph1,keepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroad [A]isanewsafetymeasure[B]hasbecomeadisputedissue[C]canbeatoughtasktocomplete[D]willbebeneficialtotheirhealthTheAmericanMedicalAssociation'sadvice [A]haswonsupportfromdrivers[B]isgenerallyconsideredunrealistic[C]iswidelydismissedasunnecessary[D]hasmetwithdifferentresponsesAccordingtoDugan,effortstokeepolderdriverssafe_.[A]havebroughtaboutbigchanges[B]needtobewellcoordinated[C]havegainedpublicrecognition[D]callforrelevantlegalsupportSomeolderdrivershavetroubledrivingbecausetheytendto [A]stickwithbaddrivinghabits[B]haveaweakenedmemory[C]sufferfromchronicpains[D]neglectcarmaintenanceDuganthinksthatthesolutiontotheproblemsofcrashesmayliein .[A]upgradingself-drivingvehicles[B]developingsenior-friendlycars[C]renovatingtransportfacilities[D]adjustingtheagelimitfordrivers4Ifyoulookattheappsonyourphone,chancesareyouhaveatleastonerelatedtoyourhealth-andprobablyseveral.Whetheritisamentalhealthapp,afitnesstracker,aconnectedhealthdeviceorsomethingelse,manyofusaretakingadvantageofthistechnologytokeepbettertrackofourhealthinsomeshapeorform.RecentresearchfromtheOrganizationfortheReviewofCareandHealthApplicationsfoundthat350,000healthappswereavailableonthemarket,90,000ofwhichlaunchedin2020alone.Whiletheseappshaveagreatdealtoitisnotalwaysclearhowthepersonalinformationweinputiscollected,safeguardedandsharedonline.ExistinghealthprivacysuchastheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct,isprimarilyfocusedonthewayhospitals,doctors’offices,clinicsandinsurancecompaniesstorehealthrecordsonline.Thehealthinformationtheseappsandhealthdatatrackingwearablesarecollectingtypicallydoesnotreceivethesamelegalprotections.Withoutadditionalprotectionsinplace,companiesmayshare(andpotentiallymonetize)personalhealthinformationinawayconsumersmaynothaveauthorizedoranticipated.In2021,FloHealthfacedaFederalTradeCommission(FTC)investigation.TheFTCallegedinacomplaintthat“despiteexpressprivacyclaims,thecompanytookcontrolofusers’sensitivefertilitydataandshareditwiththirdparties.”FloHealthandtheFTCsettledthematterwithaConsentOrderrequiringthecompanytogetappusers’expressaffirmativeconsentbeforesharingtheirhealthinformationaswellastoinstructthethirdpartiestodeletethedatatheyhadobtained.Section5oftheFTCActempowerstheFTCtoinitiateenforcementactionagainstunfairordeceptiveacts,meaningtheFTCcanonlyactafterthefactifacompany’sprivacypracticesaremisleadingorcauseunjustifiedconsumerharm.WhiletheFTCisdoingwhatitcantoensureappsarekeepingtheirpromisestoconsumersaroundthehandlingoftheirsensitivehealthinformation,therateatwhichthesehealthappsarehittingthemarketdemonstratesjusthowimmenseofachallengethisis.Astotheprospectsforfederallegislation,commentatorssuggestthatcomprehensivefederalprivacylegislationseemsunlikelyintheshortterm.Stateshavebegunimplementingtheirownsolutionstoshoreupprotectionsforconsumer-generatedhealthdata.CaliforniahasbeenattheforefrontofstateprivacyeffortswiththeCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyActof2018.Virginia,ColoradoandUtahhavealsorecentlypassedstateconsumerdataprivacylegislation.TheresearchfindingsarecitedinParagraph1toshow .[A]Theprevalenceofhealthapps[B]Thepublicconcernoverhealth[C]Thepopularityofsmartphones[D]TheadvancementoftechnologyWhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutexistinghealthprivacylaw?[A]itscoverageneedstobeextended[B]Itsenforcementneedsstrengthening.[C]Ithasdiscouragedmedicalmisconduct[D]IthasdisappointedinsurancecompaniesBeforesharingitsusershealthinformation,FTCHealthisrequiredto .[A]seektheapprovaloftheFTC[B]findqualifiedthirdparties[C]removeirrelevantpersonaldata[D]obtaintheirexplicitpermissionWhatchallengeistheFTCcurrentlyfacedwith?[A]Thecomplexityofhealthinformation[B]Therapidincreaseinnewhealthapps[C]Thesubtledeceptivenessofhealthapps[D]Thedifficultyinassessingconsumerharm.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthathealthdataprotection .[A]hasbeenembracedbyhealthappdevelopers.[B]hasbeenafocusoffederalpolicy-making[C]hasencouragedoppositioninCalifornia[D]hasgainedlegislationsupportinsomestates.PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Highschoolstudentseagertostandoutinthecollegeapplicationprocessoftenparticipateinalitanyofextracurricularactivitieshopingtobolstertheirchancesofadmissionaselectiveundergraduateinstitution.However,collegeadmissionsexpertssaythatthequalityofacollegehopeful'sextracurricularactivitiesmattermorethanthenumberofactivities.heorsheparticipatesin.SueRexford,thedirectorofcollegeguidanceattheCharles.E.SmithJewishDaySchool,saysitisnotnecessaryforastudent,fillingouttheCommonApplicationtolistloactivitiesintheapplication.“No”collegewillexpectthatastudentshasahugelaundrylistofextracurricularsthattheyhavebeenpassionatelyinvolvedineachforantendedperiodoftime,"Rexfordwroteinanemail.Expertssayitistoughentodistinguishoneselfinaschool-affiliatedextracurricularactivitythatiscommonamonghighschoolstudentsthanitistostandoutwhiledoinganuncommonactivity.Thecompetitiontostandoutandmakeanimpactisgoingtobemuchstiffer,andsoifthey'regoingtodoapopularactivity,I'dsay,bethebestatit."saysSaraHarherson,acollegeadmissionconsultant.Highschoolstudentswhohaveanimpressivepersonalprojecttheyareworkingonindependentlyoftenimpresscolleges,expertssay."Forexample,astudentwithaninterestinentrepreneurshipcoulddemonstrateskillsandpotentialbystartingaprofitablesmallbusiness."OliviaValdes,thefounderorZenAdmissionsconsultingfirm,wroteinanemail.JosophAdegboyega--Edun,aMarylandHighschoolguidancecounselor,saysunconventional,extracurricularactivitiescanhelpstudents,impresscollegeadmissionsoffices,assumingtheydemonstrated,seriouscommitment."Again,sinceoneofthebigquestion.highschoolseniorsmuseconsideris"Whatmakesyouunique?"havinganuncommon,extracurricularactivity,aconventionaloneisanadvantage,"hewroteinanemail.Expertssaydemonstratingtalentinatleastoneextracurricularactivitycanhelpinthecollegeadmissionsprocess,especiallyattop-tierundergraduateinstitutions."Distinguishingyourselfinonefocusedtypeofextracurricularactivitycanbeapositiveintheadmissionsprocess,especiallyforhighlyselectiveinstitutions,wherehavingtopgradesandtestscoresisnotenough,“KatieKelleyadmissionscounseloratIvyWiseadmissionsconsultancy,wroteinanemail.“Studentsneedtohavethatqualityorhookthatwillappealtoadmissionsofficersandallowthemtovisualizehowthestudentmightcomeandenrichtheircampuscommunity."Extracurricularactivitiesrelatedtothecollegemajordeclaredonacollegeapplicationarebeneficial,expertssuggest.“Ifyoualreadyknowyourmajor,havinganextracurricularthatfitsintothatmajorcanbeabigplus,"saysMayghinLevine,themanagerofeducationalopportunitieswithTheCabbagePatchSettlementHouse,aLouisville,Kentucky,nonprofitcommunitycenter.[A]tudentswhosandoutin[A]tudentswhosandoutinaspeciicextrcurriulractvtywilbefvordbytop-ie