英語必修5SectionⅣGrammar&Writing現(xiàn)在分詞[語法初識]原句感知自主探究①Therewillbealastingeffectonyourhealth.②Thoughtheparentsexpectmuchoftheirson,heisreallydisappointing.③WhenIlookedback,Inoticedamanpickingalady'spocket.④Holdinghisheadhigh,hewalkedpasttheenemies.⑤Peoplerunningthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.⑥Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.⑦Asthelecturebeinggivenisofgreatimportance,thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.⑧Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasfinallymade.(1)以上各句中的黑體部分在句中擔當?shù)某煞植槐M相同。①⑤⑦句中作定語；②句中作表語；③句中作賓語補足語；④⑥⑧句中作狀語。(2)從以上①⑤⑦句看，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時位置不同。單個的分詞作定語時，一般放在所修飾名詞的前面；分詞短語作定語時通常放在所修飾名詞的后面。(3)④⑥句中現(xiàn)在分詞發(fā)生的動作與謂語動作發(fā)生的時間不同。④句中現(xiàn)在分詞動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生；⑥句中現(xiàn)在分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。(4)⑦⑧句中現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語存在著被動關(guān)系。[語法剖析]語法點一現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般為“動詞＋-ing”，否定式在分詞前加not?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式?，F(xiàn)在分詞還有主動和被動兩種形式。Marysaidangrilypointingtothenotice.瑪麗生氣地指著布告說。Notknowingwhattodo,Itelephonedthepoliceforhelp.不知該如何是好，我給警察打電話求助。Havingwateredthevegetables,webegantodigtheground.我們澆過菜之后，就開始挖地。ThisistheputerbeingrepairedbyTom.這就是由湯姆正在修的電腦。Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,WangMinggaveupsmoking.受到老師的批評后，王明戒煙了。[即時演練1](1)單句語法填空①Having_studied(study)Englishforthreeyears,hecanreadbriefstoriesinEnglish.②Seeing(see)thestrangeringtowardshim,littleJimranawayasfastashecould.③Having_been_called(call)byastranger,herealizedwhatwouldhappen.④Helistenedtothetape,making(make)notesnowandthen.(2)完成句子①(江蘇高考改編)LionelMessi,having_set_the_record(已創(chuàng)紀錄)forthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.②(湖南高考改編)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing_the_mountain(使這座山沐浴在)ingoldenlight.語法點二現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能1.作定語單個的分詞作定語時一般放在被修飾詞之前；現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞之后，且往往可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。Themansittingunderabigtreeismyuncle.坐在大樹下的人是我的叔叔。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourdininghall.＝Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnowwillbeourdininghall.現(xiàn)在正在建造的建筑將會是我們的食堂。Hebroughtusaninterestingbook.他給我們帶來了一本有趣的書。[名師點津](1)能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞大都是已經(jīng)被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞，它之前常有程度副詞，甚至還有最高級等。常見的有：exciting,interesting,surprising,puzzling,frightening,amusing等。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(即havingdone/havingbeendone)一般不作限制性定語。[正]Thestudentswhohaveseenthefilmareingoutofthecinema.[誤]Thestudentshavingseenthefilmareingoutofthecinema.看完電影的學生們正走出電影院。[即時演練2](1)單句語法填空①(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularly(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.②(湖南高考改編)Thelecture,starting(start)at7：00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.③(北京高考改編)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatching(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Telltheboyswhoareplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise.→Telltheboysplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise.②Thisisthepathwhichleadstotheschool.→Thisisthepathleadingtotheschool.2．作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)和特征，相當于形容詞，其主語通常是物。一般跟在連系動詞be,get,bee,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear等后面。Travellingisinterestingbuttiring.旅行是有趣的，但也是令人疲勞的。[即時演練3]單句語法填空①—Thestorythattheoldmantoldwastouching(touch)．—Yes,andveryinspiring.②Whathesaidwasdisappointing(disappoint)．3．作補語現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等動詞(短語)后面作賓語補足語。變成被動語態(tài)時，現(xiàn)在分詞就成了主語補足語。Thepolicecaughthimstealingacar.警察當場撞見他在偷汽車。Hewascaughtstealingacarbythepolice.他偷汽車時被警察當場撞見。Icouldfeelmyheartbeatingwildly.我能夠感覺到我的心在劇烈地跳動。Wenoticedhimswimmingintheswimmingpool.我們注意到他在游泳池里游泳。[名師點津]在感官動詞或動詞短語(see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等)和使役動詞(have)后面的賓語補足語常有三種形式，即不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞。不帶to的不定式表主動和完成；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動和進行；過去分詞表被動和完成。[即時演練4](1)判斷下列句中畫線部分屬于哪種情況：A．主動和完成B．被動和完成C．主動和進行①IheardhersinganEnglishsonglastnight.(A)②IheardhersinginganEnglishsonglastnight.(C)③IheardanEnglishsongsunglastnight.(B)(2)單句語法填空①(四川高考改編)Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewinding(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.②(湖南高考改編)Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecalling(call)forhelp?4．作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等。(1)作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when,while引出。Whilewalkinginthepark,Isawanoldfriend.我在公園散步時遇到了一位老朋友。[即時演練5]完成句子①(2015·天津高考改編)Having_worked_for_two_days(工作兩天后),Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.②Whileorbiting_the_sun(圍繞太陽軌道運行),thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionbitsofinformationbacktoearth.(2)作原因狀語，相當于一個原因狀語從句。Beingleaguemembers(＝Sinceweareleaguemembers),wearereadytohelpothers.由于我們是團員，我們樂意幫助別人。Nothavingreceived(＝AsIhadnotreceived)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.因為沒有收到回信，我又給他寫了信。[即時演練6]單句語法填空①(山東高考改編)Having_eaten(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.②(江西高考改編)Having_spent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.(3)作伴隨狀語和方式狀語。Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.那些女孩子跟在她們父母的后面進來了。Hecamerunningbacktotellmethesecret.他跑回來告訴我這個秘密。[即時演練7]單句語法填空①(新課標全國卷Ⅰ改編)Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,throwing(throw)hard-edgedshadowsontheground.②(重慶高考改編)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(4)作結(jié)果狀語。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父親死了，留給他許多錢。Hefelloffthebike,hittinghisheadagainstabigstone.他從自行車上摔了下來，頭撞到了一塊大石頭上。[名師點津]動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。[即時演練8]單句語法填空①(天津高考改編)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,leaving(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.②Hehurriedtothestationonlyto_find(find)thetrainhadgone.(5)作條件狀語和讓步狀語。Workinghard,you'llsurelysucceed.如果你努力工作，你就會取得成功。Usingyourhead(＝Ifyouuseyourhead),you'llhaveagoodidea.如果你動動腦筋，你就會想出好辦法來的。[名師點津]現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的基本原則：(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，否則不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。Turningtotheleft(＝Ifyouturntotheleft),youwillfindtheplaceyouwant.向左拐，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)你要找的地方。[即時演練9]句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Thoughheworkedveryhard,hedidn'tfeelabittired.→Workingveryhard,_hedidn'tfeelabittired.②Ifyouaretravellingnorth,youmustchangeatLeeds.→Travellingnorth,youmustchangeatLeeds.語法點三獨立成分作狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般來說franklyspeaking坦白地說strictlyspeaking嚴格地說honestlyspeaking誠實地說judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來判斷Judgingfromhislook,hedidn'tagreewithyouatall.從他的神情判斷，他根本不同意你的看法。[即時演練10]完成句子Judging_from_media_reports(從媒體報道來看),thecauseoftheaccidenthasn'tbeenmadeclear.英文海報[技法指導]海報寫作屬于應用文寫作。海報是一種宣傳廣告，其內(nèi)容是提供活動信息、介紹產(chǎn)品或說服別人等。一、海報的寫作格式和內(nèi)容海報一般由標題、正文和落款三部分組成。1．標題海報的標題寫法較多，大體可以有以下一些形式：(1)單獨由文種名構(gòu)成。即在第一行中間寫上“海報”字樣。(2)直接由活動的內(nèi)容承擔題目，如“影訊”、“球訊”等。(3)可以是一些描述性的文字，如“××風采”等。2．正文海報的正文要求寫清楚以下一些內(nèi)容：(1)活動的目的和意義。(2)活動的主要項目、時間、地點等。(3)參加的具體方法及一些必要的注意事項等。3．落款要求署上主辦單位的名稱及海報的發(fā)布日期。以上的格式是就海報的整體而講的，在實際的應用中，有些內(nèi)容可以少寫或省略。二、海報寫作的注意事項1．海報中一定要具體真實地寫明活動的地點、時間及主要內(nèi)容。文中可以用些鼓勵性的詞語，但不可夸大事實。2．海報文字要求簡潔明了，通俗易懂，篇幅要短小精悍。3．海報的版式可以做些藝術(shù)性的處理，以吸引觀眾。三、表達1．Allareweletocheerfor...歡迎大家光臨為……助興。2．Allarewarmlyinvitedto...歡迎大家……3．Thosewhoattend...arerequestedtogather...請參加者在……集合。4．...alecturewillbegivenon...……講座將于……時間……地點舉行。5．Thosewhowouldliketogopleasesignupat/in...凡欲參加者請到……處報名。[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]寫一篇球賽海報，內(nèi)容如下：足球友誼賽高二年級一班對二班時間：十月十七日星期五下午四點地點：學校操場請前往參觀助興[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．足球比賽football_match2．操場playground3．高二Senior_Grade_24．歡迎wele第二步：由詞造句1．十月17日(周五)下午4點在學校操場高二·一班和二班將舉行足球比賽。①There'll_be_a_football_matchbetweenClassOneandClassTwoofSeniorGrade2at4：00p．m.onFriday,Oct17thontheschoolplayground.②A_football_match_will_be_heldbetweenClassOneandClassTwoofSeniorGrade2at4：00p．m.onFriday,Oct17thontheschoolplayground.2．歡迎大家前去觀看、喝彩。①Weleto_watch_and_cheer_on_them.②Everyoneis_wele_to_watch_and_cheer_on_them.第三步：聯(lián)句成篇POSTERFriendlyFootballMatchAfootballmatchwillbeheldbetweenClassOneandClassTwoofSeniorGrade2at4：00p．m.onFriday,Oct17thontheschoolplayground.Allarewarmlywele.TheschoolStudents'UnionWednesday,Oct15th.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Wecouldheartigersroaring(roar)inthedistance,anditsvoicewasfrightening(frighten)．2．Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththeremaining(remain)20dollars.3．Tasting(taste)delicious,thefriedchickeninthisshopisalwayssellingwell.4．Theputerworksveryfast,handling(handle)dataatthespeedoflight.5．Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthemittee,being_considered(consider)notverypopularwithallitsmembers.6．Having_discussed(discuss)forawholenight,westillcouldn'tagreeonwhentostartandwheretogofortheholiday.7．Hewasbusywritingastory,onlystopping(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.8．Over200,000hotelreservationsweremadeinHongKongthroughTaobaolastyear,making_(make)itthemostpopulartraveldestinationamongChinesenetizens.9．Whilewalking(walk)alongtheshore,wesawthatthewaterwasverydirty.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)1．Theboywholookedexcitedwasmyfriend,ZhongChen.→Theboylookingexcitedwasmyfriend,ZhongChen.2．Thebridgewhichtheyarebuildingwillbepletednextmonth.→Thebridgebeingbuiltbythemwillbepletednextmonth.3．Wefoundthatwewereencouragedbyhisspeech.→Wefoundhisspeechencouraging.4．Afterwehadfinishedourhomework,wewentouttoplayfootball.→Havingfinishedourhomework,wewentouttoplayfootball.5．Hehadn'tvisitedtheGreatWallbefore,sohewantedtobetakenverymuch.→NothavingvisitedtheGreatWallbefore,hewantedtobetakenverymuch.6．Heshoutedtothecustomsofficer,whichmadethingsworse.→Heshoutedtothecustomsofficer,makingthingsworse.7．Onceyouseeit,you'llneverforgetit.→Onceseeingit,you'llneverforgetit.8．Thehunterwentoutandhisdogfollowedhim.→Thehunterwentoutwithhisdogfollowinghim.Ⅲ.完成句子1．他們經(jīng)常用英語相互交流。Theyoftenmunicatewitheachother,using_English.2．看小說的時候，他不時地點頭。While_reading_the_novel,_henoddedfromtimetotime.3．因為不知道如何解這道題，所以他向老師求助。Not_knowing_how_to_work_out_the_problem,_heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.4．如果你努力學習，就一定會成功的。Working_hardatyourlessons,youaresuretosucceed.5．排了半個小時隊之后，他突然意識到他把錢包忘家里了。Having_waited_in_the_lineforhalfanhour,hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.Ⅳ.短語改錯YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminuteontheInternet.It'slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.Recentlyeventhough,manypeoplehavebeendiscussingthedangersoftheInternet.TheyhavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationarebadpurposes.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.Forexample,youcanfindsuchinformationlikewhattokillpeople.Theproblemwouldbeemoreseriousinthefuture.答案：第一句：kinds后加of;minute→minutes第二句：have→having第三句：去掉even第四句：They→There;person→personal第五句：easily→easy第六句：are→is第七句：what→how第八句：would→willⅠ.單句語法填空1．Seeingthesunrising(rise)abovethesurfaceoftheseaweburstoutashoutofjoy.2．Judging(judge)frommediareports,thecauseoftheaccidenthasn'tbeenmadeclear.3．Recentlyasurveyparing(pare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.4．Theretiredteacherdonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake,enabling(enable)thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.5．Looking(look)atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.6．Wehadananxiouscoupleofweekswaiting(wait)fortheresultsoftheexperiment.7．Withexportsplaying(play)abigroleineconomicgrowth,Chinahasbeenaffectedbythecurrentfinancialstorm.8．Having_been_told(tell)manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodtheproblem.9．—eon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchworkfilling(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.10．Withthecoupleworking(work)inanearbytown,thehouseseemsprettyemptymostofthetime.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomethingmissed.missed→missing2．WhatdoyouthinkofthesummitmeetingheldnowinVietnam？held前加being3．Myparentswrotealettertoldmetochangemyjob.told→telling/that_told4．Havingnotpletedtheprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Having_not→Not_having5．Therewasanexcitinglookonhisface.exciting→excitedⅢ.閱讀理解AHaveyoueverthoughtaboutlivingina“green”house,onethatishealthyforyouandyourfamilyandhelpsconservetheEarth'sresources?Somepeoplewanttobuildanewhome,renovateanexistingone,ormakeafewchangesintheirlivinghabits.Everyhouseholdcandosomethingtosupporttheconservationoftheenvironmentandimproveourqualityoflife.Asenvironmentalconcernscontinuetoincreaseworldwide,usingmoregreenproductsintoourlivesbeesmoreandmoreimportant.Thereisgrowinginterestingreenliving,andthepossibilitiesforachievingitinourhomesarerapidlyexpanding.Ourpany'swebsitecanshowyoumoreaboutthat.BecausebuildingsneedenormousquantitiesoftheEarth'sresourcesintheirconstructionanddailyoperation,theyoffermanyopportunitiesforneweco-friendlydesignaswellascostsavings.TheGreenHouseshowsthebinationofarchitecture,interior-design,andenvironmentalresponsibility.Homeiswheregoinggreenbegins—whereweasindividualshavethepowertosetanewcourseforabrighterfuture.Ifyouareinterestedinthese“green”houses,pleasecontactusandourpanywillsendyoumoreinformationaboutthem.Andwe'resureyou'llhaveasurprise.E-mail:ghouseabc126Phone:/3567219Fax:語篇解讀：本文介紹了有關(guān)“GreenHouse”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．remindpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentB．a(chǎn)skpeopletobuya“green”houseC．giveabriefintroductionofthe“green”houseD．expressthewriter'sownopinionabouttheenvironment解析：寫作意圖題。文章主要介紹了“green”house以及與之相關(guān)的一些內(nèi)容，其目的在于讓人們買他們的產(chǎn)品。答案：B2．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheGreenHouseshows________.A．onlyinterior-designandouterappearanceofthebuildingB．thebinationofarchitectureandenvironmentalimportanceC．theimportanceoftheGreenMovementD．thebinationofarchitecture,interior-design解析：細節(jié)理解題。文章中的第二段第二句指出theGreenHouse展現(xiàn)了architecture,interior-design,andenvironmentalresponsibility的結(jié)合。答案：D3．Theunderlinedword“eco-friendly”inParagraph2probablymeans“______”．A．friendlytopeopleB．goodforthedesignofbuildingsC．goodfortheenvironmentD．friendlytotheGreenHouse解析：詞義猜測題。eco-是個前綴，意為“環(huán)境的、生態(tài)的”，eco-friendly的表面意思是“對生態(tài)環(huán)境友好的”，也就是“有益于生態(tài)環(huán)境的”。答案：C4．Howmanywayscanyouusetogetmoreinformationabouttheproducts?A．1.B．2.C．3.D．4.解析：細節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句有公司的網(wǎng)址，文章結(jié)尾有3種聯(lián)系方式，因此共有4種方法。答案：DBTheTowerofLondonwasoriginallybuiltbyWilliamtheConqueror,followinghissuccessfulinvasionofEngland.TheTowerofLondonisperhapsbetterknownasaprison.Theprisonerswouldbebrought,viatheriver,fromWestminsterwheretheywouldhavebeentried.Crowdswouldwaitontheriverbanktofindouttheverdict(裁決)toseeiftheywouldbetreatedtothespectacleofapublicexecution(處決)．Theexecutioner,withhislongsharpaxewouldstandbehindtheaccusedontheboat.Iftheaccusedwasguiltyhewouldpointhisaxetowardsthevictimandifnotguiltyhewouldpointitaway.Peopleknewthatiftheaccusedwasguiltytherewouldbeapublicexecution48hourslater.InthecentreoftheTowerofLondonisthefamousWhiteTower.Itistheoldestpartofthefortress.ManypeoplehavebeenlockedintheTower,ortheBloodyTower,forreligiousbeliefsorsuspectedtreason(叛國罪)．FamousprisonersincludedAnneBoleyn,ElizabethⅠandWalterRaleigh.ElizabethⅠwasheldintheTowerasaprisonerfortwomonthsbytheorderofherhalfsister,QueenMary.QueenMaryfeltthatherpositionwasbeingthreatenedbyElizabeth,sosheimprisonedherintheTower.Ravens(渡鴉)havelivedattheTowerofLondonforhundredsofyears.ThepresenceoftheravensistraditionallybelievedtoprotecttheTower.ThereisalegendthatiftheravensleavetheTowerofLondon,theWhiteTowerwillfallandagreatdisasterwillhappen.Aswellasbeingapalaceandafortress,theTowerofLondonhasalsoservedasanarmory,theroyalmint(wheremoneyismade),theroyalobservatoryandtheroyalzoo.TodaytheTowerofLondonisopentothepublicasamuseum.語篇解讀：倫敦塔是英國最受歡迎的歷史景點之一，由征服者威廉一世興建，在歷史上曾被用作堡壘、軍械庫、鑄幣廠和監(jiān)獄等。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tried”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Caught.B．Released.C．Kept.D．Judged.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Crowdswouldwaitontheriverbanktofindouttheverdict(裁決)”可知，這些被控告者在威斯敏斯特已經(jīng)接受了“審判”。答案：D6．WhywasElizabethⅠonceimprisonedintheTower?A．Be