專題03構(gòu)詞法內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關(guān)鍵點梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點強(qiáng)化：難點內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破構(gòu)詞法考點一合成法許多英語單詞的構(gòu)成都有一定的規(guī)律，這種規(guī)律被稱為構(gòu)詞法。掌握構(gòu)詞法知識對我們更好地理解詞義、認(rèn)識新詞和擴(kuò)大詞匯量有重要意義。主要掌握合成法，轉(zhuǎn)換法和詞綴/考點一合成法把兩個或兩個以上的詞素放到一起，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法。合成詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的自由詞素構(gòu)成不同詞性，最常見的包括：名詞合成詞，形容詞合成詞，動詞合成詞。之間有的用連字符連接，有的直接連接在一起。1.

合成名詞(1)名詞/代詞+名詞newspaper

bloodtest

shewolf(2)動詞+名詞typewriter

pickpocket

daybreak(3)形容詞+名詞greenhouse

highway(4)副詞+名詞overcoat

outside(5)名詞v.ing/v.ing/v.ingv.ing+名詞handwriting

readingroom

freezingpoint(6)動詞+副詞/

副詞+

動詞breakthrough

gettogether

outbreak

oute(7)名詞+介詞+名詞sisterinlaw

editorinchief2.

合成形容詞(1)名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞worldfamous

dutyfree

largescale

longterm(2)副詞+形容詞overanxious

evergreen(3)名詞+過去分詞manmade

sunburnt(4)名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peaceloving

Englishspeaking(5)形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞goodlooking

easygoing(6)副詞+過去分詞wellinformed

widespread(7)副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hardworking

farreaching(8)形容詞+名詞+edwarmhearted

absentminded(9)數(shù)詞+名詞+edthreelegged

tenstoried(10)數(shù)詞+名詞oneway

fivestar(11)數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞tenyearold

800meterlong(12)名詞+to+名詞facetoface

doortodoor3.

合成動詞(1)名詞+動詞babysit

sleepwalk(2)副詞+動詞outnumber

underestimate

overwork(3)形容詞+動詞whitewash4.

合成副詞(1)形容詞+名詞meanwhile

anyway(2)形容詞+副詞everywhere

anyhow(3)副詞+副詞however(4)介詞+名詞beforehand

overhead(5)介詞+副詞forever5.

合成代詞(1)代詞賓格+self/selvesherself

themselves(2)物主代詞+self/selvesmyself

yourselves(3)形容詞+名詞anything

nothing6.

合成介詞(1)副詞+名詞inside

outside(2)介詞+副詞without

within(3)副詞+介詞into1.(2025高一上·廣東·期中)WhichofthefollowingisNOTapoundword?A.helpless B.eggplant C.hardworking D.sleepwalk2.Asweallknow,wordsformedbybiningotherwordsarecalledpounds,forexample,________.A.collection B.lifeboat C.WTO D.exchange3.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthesamewayassunflower!A.homework B.winner C.untidy D.musician4.His_____Englishisverygood,becauseheisfromAustralia,an________country.A.spoken;EnglishspokenB.speaking;EnglishspeakingC.spoken;Englishspeaking考點二轉(zhuǎn)化法D.speaking;English考點二轉(zhuǎn)化法在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞性，而沒有加任何詞綴，這種構(gòu)詞方法稱為轉(zhuǎn)換法。轉(zhuǎn)換法種類很多，但數(shù)量最多的是由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞和由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞兩大類。轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞義與轉(zhuǎn)換前的詞義通常有密切的聯(lián)系，但有時差異也很大。1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞try(v.嘗試→n.嘗試)read(v.閱讀→n.閱讀)swim(v.游泳→n.游泳)sigh(v.嘆氣→n.嘆氣)cry(v.哭→n.哭)shout(v.呼喊→n.呼喊)kiss(v.吻→n.吻)guess(v.猜測→n.猜測)2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞chair(n.椅子→v.主持) hand(n.手→v.上交)land(n.土地→v.著陸) cook(n.廚師→v.烹調(diào))order(n.命令→v.訂購) name(n.名字→v.取名)lift(n.電梯→v.舉起) picture(n.畫→v.描繪)press(n.報刊→v.擠壓) nurse(n.護(hù)士→v.照料)smoke(n.煙→v.吸煙) stand(n.看臺→v.站)

3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞better(adj.更好的→v.改善)calm(adj.安靜的→v.使安靜)cool(adj.涼快的→v.冷卻)spare(adj.空閑的→v.節(jié)省)own(adj.自己的→v.擁有)close(adj.親密的→v.關(guān)閉)slow(adj.慢的→v.減慢) last(adj.最后的→v.持續(xù))4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞cold(a.冷的→n.感冒) back(a.后面的→n.背部)quiet(a.安靜的→n.恬靜)calm(a.平靜的→n安靜)5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞deep(a.深的→ad.深地) wide(a.寬的→ad.廣泛地)hard(a.困難的→ad.努力地)well(a.健康的→ad.很好地)6.個別詞在一定場合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞must(motalverb必須→n.必須) 1.Thedelayindeliveryhasputustogreat(convenience).2.Hisillnesscausedhimtolosehis________(memorize).3.Someedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeople________(behavior).考點三詞綴/派生法4.考點三詞綴/派生法在一個詞的詞根前面或后面加上某個詞綴來產(chǎn)生新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法或詞綴法。分為后綴法和前綴法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在后面的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴(1)表示“否定”、“相反”意義的前綴：Ababnormal不正常的nonnonsense胡言亂語；nonstop直達(dá)的；nonviolent非暴力的；dedecrease減少；decentralize分散；degrade降級，降低……的地位；disdislike不喜歡；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失；ilillegal不合法的；illogical不合邏輯的；illegible不易辨認(rèn)的；imimpossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不現(xiàn)實的；ininformal非正式的indirectadj.間接的ununwilling不情愿的；unbelievable難以置信的；unnecessary不必要的；malmaltreat虐待；malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良；malfunction失靈(2)表示時間先后的前綴exexhusband前夫；expresident前總統(tǒng)；foreforetell語言；foresight先見之明，預(yù)見；foresee預(yù)見，預(yù)知；midmidterm其中的；midnight午夜；postpostwar戰(zhàn)后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的(3)表示方向位置的前綴exexport出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的；ininput輸入；indoor室內(nèi)的；inrush涌入；ining進(jìn)來的(4)表示程度的前綴extraextraordinary非凡的，驚人的；extracurricular課程以外的；outoutnumber比……多；outrun超過，跑得比……快；sursurpass超過，優(yōu)于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義(5)表示數(shù)量的前綴bibilateral雙邊的，兩邊的；bipartisan兩黨的；bilingual兩語的；monomomocycle獨輪車；monologue獨白；monodrama獨角戲，單人??；polypolyacid多酸的；polyclinic多科聯(lián)合診所；polycentric多中心的(6)表示方式的前綴antiantiwar反戰(zhàn)的；antifascist反法西斯的；antisocial反社會的；cocooperation合作；coexist共存；coprosperity共同繁榮；rereconstruct重建；reform改革；rewrite重寫(7)其他常見前綴autoautobiography自傳；autograph親筆；automat自動售貨機(jī)；biobiography傳記；biology生物學(xué)；biochemistry生物化學(xué)；bioeffect生物效應(yīng)；biologicalclock生物鐘；biochip生物芯片；ecoecocide生態(tài)滅絕；ecocar生態(tài)汽車；ecoefficient生態(tài)效率；macromacrobiotic長壽的；macroclimate大氣候；macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)micromicrobiology微生物學(xué)；microbus小型公共汽車；microfilm縮微膠卷2后綴(1)構(gòu)成人或者物的名詞的后綴erthinker思想家；painkiller止痛藥；cooker灶具；printer打印機(jī)；dishwasher洗碗機(jī)oractor演員；semiconductor半導(dǎo)體；monitor監(jiān)視器；calculator計算機(jī)istphysicist物理學(xué)；dentist牙科醫(yī)生；artist藝術(shù)家(i)anpolitician(政治家)Italian(意大利人)American(美國人)eseChinese(中國人)Japanese(日本人)Vietnamese(越南人)antassistant(助手)contestant(競爭者)servant(仆人)oryfactory工廠；dormitory集體宿舍；laboratory實驗室icseconomics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；physics物理學(xué)；acoustics聲學(xué)logysociology社會學(xué)；biology生物學(xué)；archaeology考古(2)構(gòu)成表示行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等抽象名詞的常用后綴有：al,tion,sion,ics,ing,ity,ment,ness,th,ure,等。mentargument爭論；judgment判斷；disappointment失望alarrival到達(dá)；refusal拒絕；survival幸存ance/enceacceptance接受；assistance幫助；dependence依靠tion/siondiscussion討論；preparation準(zhǔn)備；repetition重復(fù)nessgreatness偉大；hardness硬度；kindness善良thwarmth溫暖；length長度；growth成長urefailure失?。籶ressure壓力；mixture混合物shipfriendship友誼；leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；relationship關(guān)系(3)構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴fulfaithful忠實的；meaningful有意義的；painful疼痛的；fruitful富有成效的lessfearless無畏的；useless無用的；helpless無助的ableacceptable可以接受的；applicable可適用的iveactive積極的；decisive決定性的antignorant無知的；significant有重要意義的；important重要的ousfamous著名的；continuous連續(xù)不斷的；delicious可口的ichistoric有歷史意義的；scientific科學(xué)的；electronic電子的lyfriendly友好的；lively活潑的；lovely可愛的(t)ythirsty口渴的；noisy喧鬧的；healthy健康的arysecondary次要的；imaginary想象中的；ordinary普通的engolden金色的；wooden木制的；woolen毛紡的(4)構(gòu)成動詞的后綴enwiden使變寬；strengthen加強(qiáng)izerealize實現(xiàn)organize組織(i)fysatisfy滿意；modify修飾；beautify美化(5)構(gòu)成副詞的后綴lyreally真正地；happily幸福地；luckily幸運地wardforward向前；backward向后；westward向西1.It’s(polite)tospeakloudlyinpublic.2.I’msorryforthecausedbymistakes.IsitforyoutoeonThursday?Ifnot,youcaneatyour.(convenient)3.Pleaseacceptourapologiesforany(convenience)wehavecaused.4.Hehasonlybeenplayingfootballasa________(profession)fortwoyears.單項選擇1.(2025高一上·廣東·期中)WhichofthefollowingwordsCAN’Tformanewwordwith“ship”?A.friend B.relation C.scholar D.business單句語法填空2.Ifyouhavebeenworkinghard,don’tbeafraidtotakeabreakandgiveyourselfawell________(deserve)patonthebackortoreflectonyourgoals.按照單詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則寫出單詞的適當(dāng)?shù)男问?.confirmv.證實，證明→n.證實;確認(rèn)2.crowdn.人群→adj.擁擠的3.failvi.&vt.失敗;不及格;使失望→n.失敗4.awareadj.意識到的;知道的→adj.未覺察到的，未意識到的→n.知道，認(rèn)識;意識5.clothn.布→n.衣服→n.(總稱)衣服6.wooln.羊毛，毛織物→adj.羊毛的7.bleedv.流血→n.流血，失血→n.血8.injurevt.損害;傷害→n.傷，損害9.permitv.允許，準(zhǔn)許，許可→n.許可;允許10.relatev.相聯(lián)系，有關(guān)聯(lián);講述→n.關(guān)系，聯(lián)系;親屬;親戚→n.關(guān)系;關(guān)聯(lián)11.astonishv.使吃驚，使驚訝→adj.感到驚訝的→adj.令人感到驚訝的→n.驚訝12.gradualadj.逐漸的→adv.逐漸地，逐步地13.surroundv.環(huán)繞，圍繞→adj.周圍的;附近的→n.(復(fù))周圍的事物;環(huán)境14.deepadj.深的→v.加深→n.深，深度15.mass+ive=adj.16.art+ist=n.17.clean+up=n.18.dis+appear=vi.19.foot+print=n.20.no(無)+where(哪里)→adv.無處;任何地方都不21.other(以其他方式)+wise(明智的)→adv.否則;另外22.helicopteristn.直升機(jī)駕駛員→n.[航]直升飛機(jī)23.mid(中間的;中央的)+night(夜晚)→n.午夜24.threatenvt.威脅;恐嚇→n.威脅，恐嚇25.propertylessadj.無財產(chǎn)的→n.性質(zhì)，性能;財產(chǎn)26.sufficientadj.足夠的，充足的→adv.足夠地，充足地27.shelteryadj.庇護(hù)的，遮蓋的→n.庇護(hù);避難所28.n.樣本，樣品→vt.品嘗，嘗試；對……做抽樣調(diào)查29.n.估計，估算→vt.估計，估算30.vt.造成，引起，產(chǎn)生(問題、危險、困難等)→n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態(tài)31.base(基礎(chǔ))+line(線)→n.(醫(yī)學(xué)或科學(xué)中的)基線，準(zhǔn)線32.wide(廣泛地)+spread(傳播)→adj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的33.out(出來)+break(突破)→n.(戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)；(疾病)暴發(fā)，突然發(fā)生34.under(在……下面)+line(線)→vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，使突出；在……之下畫線I.閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出加黑單詞的構(gòu)詞法。Lastweekend1,Iwastravelinghomefrombusiness.Itwastoolate,soIdecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstop.Attheentrancetothehotel,Imetamanwhowasdisabled2,andImadeupmymindtoofferhimsomehelp.Hespoketomeandexplainedhispastlifewhenhewashealthy3.Hehadworkedinacarfactoryforfiveyears.Thenanaccidentlefthimdisabled.WhilelisteningtohisstoryIrealizedthathehadexperienced4alotinhislife.Itoldhimthatalthoughhewasphysically5disabled,hisheartwasstrong,andhecouldalwaysdependonit.Iofferedhimsomemoneytobuyfoodanddrinks6andthenhewenthome.Ihavelearntthatifyousayafewgoodwordsandofferalittlehelptoothers,itwillnotonlybringhappiness7toyou,butitwillalsobeinpeople’sheartsforever.II.從下面兩組單詞中各選擇一個單詞合成一個新單詞(每個單詞限用一次)sun,free,worth,child,over,through,pan,down,space,worldship,way,e,light,hood,out,town,cake,wide,whileⅢ.閱讀理解(2025學(xué)年高一上·江蘇無錫·開學(xué)考試)Educationaltechnologysuchasappscanhelpstudentswithtimemanagement,studyskills,homeworkandmore.Belowisalistofappsforcollegestudentsadvisedbyeducationaltechnologyexperts(專家).Theneedofeverystudentisdifferentandexpertssuggestthatstudentstryoutseveralappstofindtherightone.Unlesscostsarementionedintheappdescriptionsbelow,theselearningtoolsarefreetousers:BlackboardApp.Apopularlearningmanagementsystem,BlackboardisusedatmanycollegesacrosstheU.S.Itallowsstudentstogetcourseworkforonlineclassesorinpersonclasses.Studentscanpletehomeworkandtests,viewgradesandmore.Duolingo.Advertisingitselfas“theworld’sbestwaytolearnalanguage”,Duolingoofferslessonsinmorethan35languages,helpinguserswithspeaking,reading,listening,writing,grammarandvocabulary.Duolingooffersbothfreeandpaidversions,thesecondonewithafreeadvertisementexperienceandofflinewaytolessons.Evernote.Anotetakingandtaskmanagementsystemthatofferstheabilitytosync(同步)acrossit.Evernoteallowsuserstocreatetodolistsandchangedocumentsintoadigital(數(shù)字)formthroughacamera.Evernoteisfree,thoughatopversioncosts$7.99amonthor$69.99ayear.Collegemobileapps.AppsspeciallydesignedforcollegestudentshavebeefairlymonamongU.S.collegestudents.Whiletheseappsmaybedifferentcollegebycollege,userscanoftenfindschoolmaps,news,safetyinformation,importanteventsandmore.1.Whichappwillyouuseifyouwanttomakeatodolist?A.BlackboardApp. B.Duolingo. C.Evernote. D.Collegemobileapps.2.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“versions”?A.Views. B.Forms. C.Things. D.Series.3.Whatdotheappshaveinmon(共同處)?A.Theycannotbeusedcontinuouslyunlesspaid.B.Theycanhelpcollegestudentslearnbetter.C.Theyhavedifferentversionsforcollegestudents.D.Theyhavebeenquitepopularamongcollegestudents.Ⅳ.完形填空(2025高一上·江蘇宿遷·期末)Everychildgotapartinourannualpageant(盛會).Ialwayswantedtobe4toplayMary—thestaroftheshow.Thisyear,whenPastorBuckleychosesomeothergirlasMary—again—andgavemea5toopenwith,Igotdowntolearningitrightaway.MaybeIwouldn’tbethestar,butifIworkedhardenough,Icoulde6.Surelyreciting(背誦)apoemaloneatthemicrophonewouldgettheaudience’s7.“GentleJesus...”I8asIlayinbedatnight.“Lookuponalittlechild...”Imumbled(咕噥)intothebathroommirrorwithmymouthfulloftoothpaste.I9myselfonstage,theaudienceclapping.Onthebignight,duringthefirsthalf,Irecitedthepoem10.Suddenly,mymindwent11.Istoodthereforwhatseemedlikeforeverbeforereturningtomyseatwith12.Somuchforbeinga(n)13.Iwashardlyawareofthepageantthatfollowed.ButwhenMr.Buckleyannounceditwasover,the14wordscametomeoutofnowhere.“Iremember!”I15.Mr.Buckleylookedmywayand16.Hereintroducedme.Itookmy17onstage,andrecitedthepoemfromstarttofinish.Theroomburstintothunderousapplause,notjustformyrecitation,manytoldmelater,butformy18intryingagain.4.A.forced B.reminded C.chosen D.advised5.A.joke B.song C.poem D.speech6.A.close B.over C.down D.around7.A.inspiration B.concern C.impression D.attention8.A.rested B.practised C.listened D.reflected9.A.pictured B.challenged