2025年英語專業(yè)四級閱讀理解深度訓(xùn)練試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthedigitaleconomyhasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofmodernwork.Whileofferingunprecedentedflexibilityandaccesstoaglobaltalentpool,ithasalsoprecipitatedaseriesofchallengesthatdemandcriticalexamination.Oneofthemostsignificantshiftsistheblurringofboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallife.Theabilitytoworkfromanywheremeansthattheofficeisnolongerafixedlocationbutratherastateofmindaccessibleatanyhour.Thishasledtoconcernsaboutwork-lifebalance,asthelinebetween'onduty'and'offduty'hasbecomeincreasinglyporous.Manyprofessionalsfindthemselvesconstantlyconnected,respondingtoemailsandmessageswellintotheevening,effectivelyextendingtheirworkinghoursindefinitely.Furthermore,thedigitaleconomyhasfueledthegrowthofthegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkratherthanpermanentpositions.Whilethisoffersautonomyandvarietyforsome,italsobringsinherentinstability.Gigworkersoftenlackthebenefitsassociatedwithtraditionalemployment,suchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleave.Theabsenceofalong-termcommitmentfromemployerscanleadtoasenseofprecariousness,withincomefluctuatingandjobsecuritylacking.Thisprecariousnessisnotonlyaneconomicconcernbutalsoapsychologicalone,potentiallyleadingtoincreasedstressandanxiety.Theriseofremoteworkhasalsohighlighteddisparitiesinaccesstoopportunitiesandresources.Whiledigitaltoolsenablecollaborationacrossdistances,theydonoteliminatethedigitaldivide.Workersinregionswithinadequateinternetinfrastructureorlimitedaccesstotechnologyareatadisadvantage.Moreover,therelianceondigitalcommunicationcaninadvertentlyfavorthosewhoaremorecomfortablewithtechnology,potentiallydisadvantagingolderworkersorthosewithlowerdigitalliteracy.Theseinequalitiesunderscoretheneedforpoliciesthatensureequitableaccesstothebenefitsofthedigitaleconomy.Finally,thedigitaleconomyhastransformedthenatureofcompetition.Businessescannowoperateonaglobalscalewithrelativelylowerbarrierstoentry,leadingtoincreasedmarketsaturationandpressureontraditionalbusinessmodels.Innovationisnolongerjustaboutproductdevelopmentbutalsoaboutadaptingtorapidtechnologicalchangesandfindingnewwaystoleveragedigitaltoolsforefficiencyandcustomerengagement.Thisrelentlesspaceofchangerequiresworkerstobeadaptableandlifelonglearners,constantlyupdatingtheirskillstoremaincompetitive.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarythemeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernrelatedtotheflexibilityofferedbythedigitaleconomy?3.Theword'precariousness'inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatfactorisidentifiedascontributingtoinequalitiesinthedigitaleconomy?5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisrequiredforworkerstothriveinthedigitaleconomy?PassageTwoTheconceptofculturalheritagehasundergonesignificantevolutionovertime.Historically,itwasoftennarrowlydefinedasthepreservationoftangibleartifactssuchasbuildings,monuments,andartifactsofhistoricalorartisticsignificance.Thesephysicalremnantswereseenascruciallinkstothepast,representingtheachievementsandidentityofanationorcommunity.Effortstoprotectthemwereprimarilyfocusedonpreventingphysicaldeteriorationandensuringtheirsurvivalforfuturegenerations.However,incontemporarydiscourse,thedefinitionofculturalheritagehasbroadenedconsiderablytoencompassintangibleaspectsaswell.Thisincludestraditions,customs,languages,performingarts,knowledgesystems,andpracticesthatarepasseddownthroughgenerations.Recognizingthedynamicandlivingnatureofculture,UNESCO'sConventionfortheSafeguardingofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(2003)emphasizestheimportanceofcommunitiesandgroupsthemselvesinthetransmissionandrevitalizationoftheseintangibleelements.Thisshifthighlightstheideathatculturalheritageisnotmerelyacollectionofoldobjectsbutalivingexpressionofacommunity'sidentity,values,andworldview.Theexpansionoftheconceptalsoreflectsagrowingawarenessofthediversityofhumanculturesandtheneedtorespectandpreservethisdiversity.Itacknowledgesthatheritageisnotstaticbutconstantlyevolving,shapedbyinteraction,adaptation,andcreativity.Therefore,thepreservationofculturalheritagetodayinvolvesnotonlyconservationeffortsbutalsodocumentation,education,andcommunityengagement.Itrequiresfindingwaystoensurethatintangibletraditionscontinuetobepracticedandappreciated,oftenthroughactiveparticipationandtransmissionbetweengenerations.Furthermore,thedigitalagehasintroducednewchallengesandopportunitiesforthemanagementofculturalheritage.Ononehand,digitaltechnologiesofferpowerfultoolsfordocumentation,conservation,anddissemination.Techniquessuchas3Dscanning,virtualreality,andonlinearchivesallowforthecreationofdetailedrecordsofheritagesitesandartifacts,makingthemaccessibletoaglobalaudienceandfacilitatingresearchandeducation.Ontheotherhand,issuesrelatedtodigitalpreservation,thedigitaldivide,andthepotentialformisrepresentationorexploitationofculturalexpressionsthroughdigitalmeansposesignificantchallenges.Theevolvingunderstandingofculturalheritagealsoraisesimportantquestionsaboutownershipandaccess.Whilethephysicalaspectsmayoftenbeassociatedwithspecificlocationsornations,intangibleheritageistypicallyembeddedwithincommunities.Thisnecessitatescollaborativeapproachesinvolvingcommunities,governments,andinternationalorganizationstoensurethesustainablesafeguardingandrespectfulenjoymentofculturalheritage.Ultimately,culturalheritageisseenasavitalresourceforcontemporarysociety,contributingtoculturaldiversity,socialcohesion,andadeeperunderstandingofthehumanexperience.Questions:6.Howhastheunderstandingofculturalheritagechangedaccordingtothepassage?7.WhatroledocommunitiesplayinthecontextofintangibleculturalheritageasdefinedbyUNESCO?8.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesthepreservationofintangibleculturalheritageparticularlychallenginginthemodernworld?9.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesthepassagesuggestdigitaltechnologyoffersforculturalheritagemanagement?10.Theword'dissemination'inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:11.Whatisthepassagesuggestingabouttherelationshipbetweenculturalheritageandsocialcohesion?PassageThreeThephenomenonofurbanizationhastransformedlandscapesandlifestylesacrosstheglobe,presentingbothopportunitiesandsignificantenvironmentalchallenges.Aspopulationsincreasinglyconcentrateincities,thedemandforhousing,infrastructure,andresourcesintensifies,oftenstrainingnaturalecosystems.Oneofthemostpressingissuesistheexpansionofurbanlandsurfaces,whichcanleadtothecreationofurbanheatislands(UHIs).Darksurfaceslikeasphaltandconcreteabsorbandretainheat,whiletheconcentrationofbuildingsreducesairflow,leadingtotemperaturesincitiesthatcanbeseveraldegreeshigherthaninsurroundingruralareas.Thisexacerbatesheatstressduringhotweather,impactsenergyconsumptionforcooling,andcannegativelyaffectairqualityandhumanhealth.Anothercriticalenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationisthemodificationofwatercycles.Impervioussurfacessuchasroadsandbuildingspreventrainwaterfrominfiltratingtheground,leadingtoincreasedsurfacerunoff.Thiscanoverwhelmdrainagesystems,causingfloodinginurbancenters.Furthermore,thelossofgreenspacesreducesthenaturalcapacityoftheenvironmenttoabsorbandfilterpollutants,potentiallydegradingwaterqualitybothwithinthecityandindownstreamecosystems.Theconcentrationofindustriesandvehiclesinurbanareasalsocontributestoairandwaterpollution,creatingaviciouscycleofenvironmentaldegradation.Biodiversityisalsosignificantlyaffectedbytheprocessofurbanization.Theconversionofnaturalhabitatsintobuiltenvironmentsresultsinhabitatlossandfragmentation,isolatingwildlifepopulationsandreducinggeneticdiversity.Whilesomespeciescanadapttourbanconditionsandeventhriveinmodifiedenvironments,manynativespeciesstruggletosurvive.Thepresenceofinvasivespecies,oftenfacilitatedbyhumanactivity,canfurtherthreatenlocalbiodiversity.Urbansprawlnotonlyconsumeslandbutalsodisruptsecologicalcorridorsessentialforthemovementandmigrationofspecies,furtherimpedingtheirsurvival.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproachtourbanplanninganddevelopment.Sustainableurbandesignprinciplesemphasizetheintegrationofgreenspaces,theuseofpermeablematerials,andthepromotionofefficientpublictransportationsystemstoreducerelianceonprivatevehicles.Greenroofs,urbangardens,andthepreservationofnaturalwaterbodiescanhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandimproveairandwaterquality.Protectingandrestoringnaturalhabitatswithinandaroundcities,aswellasestablishingecologicalcorridors,arecrucialformaintainingbiodiversity.Additionally,fosteringacultureofsustainabilityamongurbanresidents,encouragingpracticessuchaswastereduction,waterconservation,andenergyefficiency,isvitalforcreatingenvironmentallyresilientcities.Questions:12.Whatisaprimaryenvironmentalconcernassociatedwithurbanheatislands?13.Howdoimpervioussurfacescontributetoproblemsrelatedtowatercyclesinurbanareas?14.Whatistheeffectofurbanizationonbiodiversityaccordingtothepassage?15.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomestrategiesforpromotingsustainableurbandevelopment?PassageFourEffectivecommunicationisfundamentallyaboutunderstandingandbeingunderstood,yetitisfarfromastraightforwardprocess.Barrierstoeffectivecommunicationexistateverystage,fromtheencodingofamessagebythesendertoitsdecodingbythereceiver.Thesebarrierscanbecategorizedintovarioustypes,includingphysical,psychological,semantic,andculturalbarriers.Physicalbarriers,suchasnoise,poorlighting,ordistance,canimpedetheaccuratetransmissionofamessage.Forinstance,anoisyenvironmentcanmakeitdifficultforlistenerstofocusonwhatisbeingsaid,potentiallyleadingtomisunderstandings.Psychologicalbarriersoftenstemfromtheinternalstatesofthecommunicators.Preconceivednotions,biases,emotionalstateslikeangeroranxiety,andcognitivelimitationscanalldistorttheinterpretationofamessage.Ifareceiverapproachesaconversationwithpreconceivedideas,theymayfiltertheincominginformationthroughthislens,leadingtoaskewedunderstanding.Similarly,strongemotionscancloudjudgmentandhinderobjectivecomprehension.Semanticbarriersarisefromdifferencesintheinterpretationofwords,phrases,orsymbols.Whilelanguageprovidesaframeworkforcommunication,itscomplexityandambiguitycanleadtomisunderstandings.Slang,jargon,doublemeanings,andidiomaticexpressionscanbeparticularlychallenging.Forexample,technicaljargonusedbyspecialistsmaybeincomprehensibletolaypersons,creatingacommunicationgap.Evenseeminglysimplewordscancarrydifferentconnotationsfordifferentpeople,dependingontheirbackgroundandexperiences.Culturalbarriersareperhapsoneofthemostsignificantchallengesinglobalcommunication.Differencesinculturalnorms,values,communicationstyles(e.g.,high-contextversuslow-contextcultures),andnon-verbalcuescanleadtoprofoundmisunderstandings.Insomecultures,directnessisvalued,whileinothers,indirectnessandsubtletyarepreferred.Gesturesthatareconsideredfriendlyinoneculturemightbeoffensiveinanother.Failingtorecognizeandrespecttheseculturaldifferencescanleadtomisinterpretationsandunintendedoffense.Overcomingthesecommunicationbarriersrequiresconsciouseffortandthedevelopmentofkeyskills.Activelistening,whichinvolvesfullyconcentrating,understanding,responding,andthenrememberingwhatisbeingsaid,iscrucial.Clarifyingquestionshelpensurethatunderstandingisaccurate,whiledemonstratingempathyallowscommunicatorstobettergrasptheperspectiveofothers.Beingmindfulofpotentialbiases,choosingclearandsimplelanguage,andbeingawareofculturaldifferencesarealsoessentialstrategies.Effectivecommunicationisanongoingprocessofadjustmentandrefinement,requiringpatience,attentiveness,andawillingnesstolearnandadapt.Questions:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefundamentalgoalofeffectivecommunication?17.Whichtypeofbarrierisexemplifiedbythedifficultyinunderstandingtechnicaljargon?18.Theword'distort'inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:19.Whatroledoesactivelisteningplayinovercomingcommunicationbarriers?20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyrequirementforeffectivecommunicationinaculturallydiverseenvironment?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.C2.A3.E4.B5.D6.C7.B8.A9.D10.E11.F12.B13.C14.D15.E16.A17.C18.B19.D20.G解析思路1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章圍繞數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的利弊展開，從工作生活平衡、零工經(jīng)濟的不穩(wěn)定性、數(shù)字鴻溝到競爭加劇等多個方面論述了其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。選項C“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來的多重挑戰(zhàn)及其影響”最能概括全文核心。A“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的全球化和靈活性”只涉及部分內(nèi)容。B“遠程工作對心理健康的影響”是其中一個方面。D“數(shù)字技術(shù)如何改變企業(yè)競爭”也是一方面。E“適應(yīng)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的必要技能”是應(yīng)對措施，非主旨。2.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第一段第二句“Theabilitytoworkfromanywheremeansthattheofficeisnolongerafixedlocationbutratherastateofmindaccessibleatanyhour.Thishasledtoconcernsaboutwork-lifebalance,asthelinebetween'onduty'and'offduty'hasbecomeincreasinglyporous.”意思是遠程工作使得工作狀態(tài)隨時可達，模糊了工作與生活的界限，導(dǎo)致工作生活平衡的擔憂。選項A“工作與生活界限的模糊導(dǎo)致難以平衡”與原文意思一致。B“遠程工作導(dǎo)致工作時間延長”是現(xiàn)象之一，但不是核心擔憂。C“數(shù)字技術(shù)加劇了工作壓力”文中未直接提及。D“靈活工作制需要更多個人責任感”是可能的結(jié)果，但非主要擔憂。3.詞匯理解題。定位到第二段“Theabsenceofalong-termcommitmentfromemployerscanleadtoasenseofprecariousness...”結(jié)合上下文，空格處應(yīng)填入形容工作狀態(tài)不穩(wěn)定、不安全的詞。precariousness意為“不穩(wěn)定的，precarious的”。選項E“不穩(wěn)定的”最符合語境。4.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第三段“Whiledigitaltoolsenablecollaborationacrossdistances,theydonoteliminatethedigitaldivide.Workersinregionswithinadequateinternetinfrastructureorlimitedaccesstotechnologyareatadisadvantage.”意思是數(shù)字工具無法消除數(shù)字鴻溝，那些缺乏互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施或技術(shù)接入的工人處于不利地位。這直接指向了接入機會和資源的差異。選項B“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和技術(shù)的可及性差異”概括了原文信息。5.推理判斷題。定位到第四段“...requiresworkerstobeadaptableandlifelonglearners,constantlyupdatingtheirskillstoremaincompetitive.”文章最后提到，在快速變化的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟中，競爭激烈，因此員工需要不斷學(xué)習新技能。選項D“不斷學(xué)習和更新技能以適應(yīng)變化”是對原文推理的總結(jié)。6.主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章對比了傳統(tǒng)上只關(guān)注有形文物的文化遺產(chǎn)概念，和現(xiàn)在擴展到包括無形文化（如傳統(tǒng)、習俗、語言等）的概念，并強調(diào)了社區(qū)在保護和傳承中的角色以及數(shù)字技術(shù)的影響。選項C“從側(cè)重有形文物擴展到包含無形文化及其實踐”最能概括概念的變化。7.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第二段“Recognizingthedynamicandlivingnatureofculture,UNESCO'sConvention...emphasizestheimportanceofcommunitiesandgroupsthemselvesinthetransmissionandrevitalizationoftheseintangibleelements.”意思是聯(lián)合國教科文組織強調(diào)社區(qū)自身在傳承和復(fù)興這些無形文化要素中的重要性。選項B“負責傳承和復(fù)興無形文化要素”符合原文描述。8.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第三段“Theexpansionoftheconceptalsoreflectsagrowingawarenessofthediversityofhumanculturesandtheneedtorespectandpreservethisdiversity.Itacknowledgesthatheritageisnotstaticbutconstantlyevolving...”以及第四段“Ontheotherhand,issuesrelatedtodigitalpreservation,thedigitaldivide,andthepotentialformisrepresentationorexploitationofculturalexpressionsthroughdigitalmeansposesignificantchallenges.”意思是，文化遺產(chǎn)概念的發(fā)展認識到多樣性，但也帶來了新挑戰(zhàn)，如數(shù)字保存問題、數(shù)字鴻溝以及數(shù)字時代文化表達的潛在歪曲或利用。選項A“數(shù)字鴻溝和數(shù)字時代文化表達的潛在歪曲或利用”概括了原文提及的主要挑戰(zhàn)。9.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第四段“Techniquessuchas3Dscanning,virtualreality,andonlinearchivesallowforthecreationofdetailedrecordsofheritagesitesandartifacts,makingthemaccessibletoaglobalaudienceandfacilitatingresearchandeducation.”意思是數(shù)字技術(shù)（如3D掃描、虛擬現(xiàn)實、在線檔案）能夠創(chuàng)建遺產(chǎn)遺址和文物的詳細記錄，使它們對全球受眾開放，促進研究和教育。選項D“通過數(shù)字技術(shù)創(chuàng)建詳細記錄并促進研究與教育”是原文信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。10.詞匯理解題。定位到第四段“Theexpansionoftheconceptalsoreflectsagrowingawarenessofthediversityofhumanculturesandtheneedtorespectandpreservethisdiversity...”結(jié)合語境，dissemination在此指文化遺產(chǎn)知識、價值等的傳播和推廣。選項E“傳播，散布”最符合詞義。11.推理判斷題。定位到第四段末尾“Ultimately,culturalheritageisseenasavitalresourceforcontemporarysociety,contributingtoculturaldiversity,socialcohesion,andadeeperunderstandingofthehumanexperience.”意思是文化遺產(chǎn)被視為當代社會的重要資源，有助于文化多樣性和社會凝聚力，并加深對人性的理解。由此可推斷，文化遺產(chǎn)對社會凝聚力有積極貢獻。選項F“文化遺產(chǎn)通過促進多樣性和理解有助于社會凝聚力”是對原文推理的總結(jié)。12.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第二段“...canleadtothecreationofurbanheatislands(UHIs).Darksurfaceslikeasphaltandconcreteabsorbandretainheat,whiletheconcentrationofbuildingsreducesairflow,leadingtotemperaturesincitiesthatcanbeseveraldegreeshigherthaninsurroundingruralareas.Thisexacerbatesheatstressduringhotweather,impactsenergyconsumptionforcooling,andcannegativelyaffectairqualityandhumanhealth.”意思是城市熱島效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致城市溫度顯著高于周邊農(nóng)村地區(qū)，加劇了熱浪時期的壓力，影響制冷能耗、空氣質(zhì)量和人體健康。選項B“城市溫度高于周邊地區(qū)導(dǎo)致熱浪加劇和健康影響”概括了主要問題。13.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第二段“Impervioussurfacessuchasroadsandbuildingspreventrainwaterfrominfiltratingtheground,leadingtoincreasedsurfacerunoff.Thiscanoverwhelmdrainagesystems,causingfloodinginurbancenters.”意思是不透水表面阻止雨水滲入地下，導(dǎo)致地表徑流增加。這會淹沒排水系統(tǒng)，引發(fā)城市內(nèi)澇。選項C“不透水表面導(dǎo)致地表徑流增加和排水系統(tǒng)負擔加重”符合原文信息。14.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第三段“Theconversionofnaturalhabitatsintobuiltenvironmentsresultsinhabitatlossandfragmentation,isolatingwildlifepopulationsandreducinggeneticdiversity.Whilesomespeciescanadapttourbanconditionsandeventhriveinmodifiedenvironments,manynativespeciesstruggletosurvive.Thepresenceofinvasivespecies,oftenfacilitatedbyhumanactivity,canfurtherthreatenlocalbiodiversity.Urbansprawlnotonlyconsumeslandbutalsodisruptsecologicalcorridorsessentialforthemovementandmigrationofspecies,furtherimpedingtheirsurvival.”意思是城市化導(dǎo)致自然棲息地被破壞和碎片化，野生動物種群被隔離，遺傳多樣性減少，許多本地物種難以生存，生物多樣性受到威脅。選項D“自然棲息地破壞、生物多樣性受威脅”概括了主要影響。15.細節(jié)理解題。定位到第四段“Sustainableurbandesignprinciplesemphasizetheintegrationofgreenspaces,theuseofpermeablematerials,andthepromotionofefficientpublictransportationsystemstoreducerelianceonprivatevehicles.Greenroofs,urbangardens,andthepreservationofnaturalwaterbodiescanhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandimproveairandwaterquality.Protectingandrestoringnaturalhabitatswithinandaroundcities,aswellasestablishingecologicalcorridors,iscrucialf