英語語法基礎(chǔ)形意結(jié)合簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)雜句語法基礎(chǔ)形意結(jié)合英語是形式和意義高度統(tǒng)一。Dogruns.Dogsrun.一個(gè)s，要么在前，要么放在后，語法叫主謂一致。但底層邏輯就是：s就是一個(gè)記號(hào)，用來明確標(biāo)記主語是復(fù)數(shù)（在前）還是單數(shù)（在后）。形意結(jié)合英語是形式和意義高度統(tǒng)一。用這種視角理解語法：用助動(dòng)詞不同形式來明確標(biāo)記事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間。（協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞）例：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜歡英語。Heissinging.他在唱歌。

Hehasgotmarried.他已結(jié)婚。形意結(jié)合用這種視角理解語法：用動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式來明確標(biāo)記動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。（在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。）例：Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.看起來他正在他的房間里面讀書。不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生形意結(jié)合用這種視角理解語法：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來標(biāo)記事實(shí)還是想象。例：Sheshouldhaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterhermotherinhospital.（虛擬）她本該出席你的生日晚會(huì)的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽?？偨Y(jié)一下，英語要求「形意結(jié)合」，句子的意思（時(shí)間、狀態(tài)、人稱、虛實(shí)……）要和形式（時(shí)態(tài)、從句、虛擬語氣……）一一對(duì)應(yīng)。簡(jiǎn)單句所有的英語句子都必須有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：用一句話概括：一個(gè)英語句子有且僅有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。英語的句子就像一棵大樹。這棵樹的「樹干」就是謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞的不同，決定了樹干是不是有賓語、有什么樣的賓語。就有了5種簡(jiǎn)單句，如下圖。簡(jiǎn)單句并列句比如下面兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：Iamdancing.Sheissinging.怎么把它們連起來形成一個(gè)句子？最簡(jiǎn)單的，就是通過一個(gè)并列連詞and：Iamdancingandsheissinging.如果畫成樹就變成了：And標(biāo)記issinging為并列句并列句英語中的并列連詞包括但不限于for,and,nor,but,or,yet和so，它們的首字母組成了FANBOYS，便于記憶。只要滿足上述等式關(guān)系，理論上我們可以通過并列連詞增加無數(shù)個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞（樹干），如下圖：并列句并列連詞可以連接多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞（樹干），但屬于并列關(guān)系的謂語動(dòng)詞，無論有多少個(gè)，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都只算一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)雜句一棵樹不可能只有樹干，還應(yīng)該有很多樹枝。這些樹枝搭架在樹干上，層層疊疊，就形成了高階復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句。復(fù)雜句=樹干+從句（樹枝）看兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：Achild’sparentsaredead.Achildisanorphan.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，這句話可以寫成一個(gè)定語從句：Achildwhoseparentsaredeadisanorphan.用樹表示：復(fù)雜句從屬連詞whose讓其后面的句子變成樹枝，從而保證句子只有一個(gè)樹干（謂語動(dòng)詞）。復(fù)雜句簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。而如果我們需要增加動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能通過以下三種方式：并列連詞，構(gòu)成并列句從屬連詞，構(gòu)成從句非謂語動(dòng)詞看兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：Therearesomechildreninthepool.Somechildrenareswimminginthepool.并列連詞：Therearesomechildreninthepoolandtheyareswimming.And標(biāo)記areswimming為并列句復(fù)雜句從屬連詞：Therearesomechildrenwhoareswimminginthepool.

復(fù)雜句非謂語動(dòng)詞：Therearesomechildrenswimminginthepool.

動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式swimming本身就是標(biāo)記。復(fù)雜句長(zhǎng)難句，就是上面三種句型的隨意組合。我們要做的，就是根據(jù)「標(biāo)記」找出句子的樹干和樹枝，這樣就沒有讀不懂的句子了。Theboy,whoiscryingasifhisheartwouldbreak,said,whenIspokentohim,thathewasveryhungrybecausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.可以拆解一下：復(fù)雜句EnglishforUnmannedaerialvehicle無人機(jī)專業(yè)英語Project

1:WhatIsaCivilUASPilotJobLike?OccupationOverviewOccupationalPre-requisiteWorkConditionsandCompetencyProfileinfancy[??nf?nsi]n.初期honeinon[h??n?n?n]磨煉remuneration[r??mju?n??re??n]n.薪水，報(bào)酬aquaculture[?ɑ?kw?k?lt??r]n.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)silviculture['s?lv??k?lt??]n.森林學(xué)，造林學(xué)viticulture[?v?t?k?lt??r]n.葡萄栽培Infrastructure[??nfr?str?kt??r]n.基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)lucrative[?lu?kr?t?v]adj.賺大錢的rundown[?r?nda?n]n.介紹，描述photogrammetry[?f??t???ɡr?m?tr?]n.攝影測(cè)量學(xué)NewWordsoverlap[???v??l?p]n.重疊resolution[?rez??lu??n]n.分辨率LiDAR['la?dɑ?]n.激光雷達(dá)photographer[f??t?ɡr?f?(r)]n.攝影師powerline[?pa??la?n]輸電線infrared[??nfr??red]adj.紅外線的enforcement[?n?f??sm?nt]n.執(zhí)行，實(shí)施canopycover[?k?n?pi?k?v?(r)]冠層覆蓋NewWordsThedroneindustryisoneofthenewestindustriesintheworld.Sinceitsinfancyinthepast10years,theoperationofdroneshasalwaysbeenwiththemilitaryandresearchers.Thelandscapehasdramaticallychangedwiththeadvancementofminiaturizingcomponentsandlowercosts.Accordingtoindustryestimates,thedronebusinesscangeneratebillionsfortheworldeconomyandcreatethousandsofnewjobsoverthenext10years.無人機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)是最有前景的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。自過去十年間無人機(jī)開始發(fā)展以來，無人機(jī)一直用于軍隊(duì)和科研研究。隨著無人機(jī)部件的小型化和越來越低的價(jià)格，局面已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著變化。根據(jù)行業(yè)估計(jì)，在下一個(gè)十年，無人機(jī)能給世界經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來數(shù)十億美元，并創(chuàng)造數(shù)以千計(jì)的新工作。Part1OccupationOverviewThishascreatedanewopportunityforanewbreedofdroneenthusiasts.Manyarehobbyiststhatwewouldcategorizeasrecreationaldroneoperators.SuchactivitieslikebuildingandflyingDIYdronesandparticipatingindroneracingordronesoccerhastakentraction.這已經(jīng)為無人機(jī)愛好者新群體創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的機(jī)遇。他們中的多數(shù)是業(yè)余玩家，可歸類為消費(fèi)級(jí)無人機(jī)操控者。像組裝飛行DIY無人機(jī)、參加無人機(jī)競(jìng)速比賽或者無人機(jī)足球賽已經(jīng)引領(lǐng)無人機(jī)的發(fā)展。Part1OccupationOverviewThenaturalprogressionofenteringtheamateurmarketaswellasundertakingalotofaerialphotographytohoneinontheirflyingskillisnowverypopular.ThosewhodosohavealsofoundthatthereissomeremunerationinvolvedandfinallyenteringthecommercialmarketisthegoalofsomepilotswhoseeacareerasaDronePilot.從入圈到通過航拍來磨煉飛行技能是很自然的過程，這在現(xiàn)在是非常普遍的。他們也已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這會(huì)給他們帶來一些收入，并且最終一些無人機(jī)飛手的目標(biāo)是能夠進(jìn)入商業(yè)市場(chǎng)，并將其作為一項(xiàng)事業(yè)來干。Part1OccupationOverviewDronepilotscanbeawell-payingprofession.Itisarapidlyexpandingvocationthatisplayingalargerandlargerroleinseveralindustries.Ifyouareinterestedinmakingthisjump,thereisonequestionyouwillneedtoaskfirst:whatjobsareavailableforskilleddronepilots?Thedronemarketisatrainthatcontinuestobuildmomentumandshowsnosignsofslowingdown.Withthousandsofexpertdronepilots,thebusinessisnowasflourishingaseveranddevelopssteadilyaboutdiversityandquantity.無人機(jī)飛手會(huì)是一個(gè)高收入職業(yè)。它是一個(gè)快速擴(kuò)張的職業(yè)，已經(jīng)在好幾個(gè)行業(yè)扮演越來越大的角色。如果你對(duì)跳槽找工作感興趣，那么你需要先問一個(gè)問題：什么樣的工作適合有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的無人機(jī)飛手呢？無人機(jī)市場(chǎng)就好比一列繼續(xù)輸出動(dòng)力的火車，并且沒有減速的跡象。隨著數(shù)以千計(jì)的專業(yè)無人機(jī)飛手的加入，無人機(jī)市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在一如既往地繁榮，并在多樣性和數(shù)量上穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。Part1OccupationOverviewCreating3Dmodelsandmapsusingdronesisajobwithwideapplications.Anyindustrythatneedsheavyconstructionlikemining,urbanplanning,andcivilengineeringmaybenefitfroma3Dterrainmodel.Agood,comprehensivemodelcanhelpthesefirmsplanhowmuchexcavationhastobeperformed,theslopeandlengthofstreetsthatwillneedtobeperformed,orthemitigatingmeasuresforclassifiedgeologicalhazards.使用無人機(jī)創(chuàng)建3D模型和地圖是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)用廣泛的工作。任何需要大型工程的行業(yè)，如采礦業(yè)、城市規(guī)劃和土木工程都可能受益于三維地形模型。一個(gè)好的、全面的模型能幫助這些公司規(guī)劃必須挖多少土方，需要設(shè)計(jì)什么坡度和長(zhǎng)度的街道，或者規(guī)劃針對(duì)不同類型地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的緩解措施。Part1OccupationOverviewDronefilmmakingisalucrativefieldthat’sfantasticforpeoplewhoalreadyhavefilmmakingexperience.Aerialvideostakenbydroneshavebecomeastandardelementofcontemporaryfilm.Ifyoucanhookupwithamovieproducer,thenyou’vegotanopportunitytoearnhundredstothousandsofRMBscapturingacoupleofminute’svaluesofaerialfootage.無人機(jī)電影制作是一個(gè)利潤(rùn)豐厚的領(lǐng)域，尤其對(duì)那些已經(jīng)有電影制作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來說。無人機(jī)拍攝的空中影像已經(jīng)成為了當(dāng)代電影的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元素。如果你能夠和電影制片人聯(lián)系，那么通過捕捉幾個(gè)幾分鐘有價(jià)值的航拍鏡頭，你就有機(jī)會(huì)賺取幾百上千的人民幣。Part1OccupationOverviewDronestakeawaythisthreatandcanevendothejobquicker.Sincepowerlinesgenerallyrunthroughnarrowcorridors,dronescanquicklyflyandpayseveralmilesonasinglebatterybicycle.Thereisalsothematterofdeterminingdamagedsections—aproblemsolvedwithaspecialdevicecalledathermalcamera.Thermalimagingdependsontheinfraredenergyradiatedbyallthings.Thisinfraredenergyisstrongerwhenthingsemitheat.Withthisprinciple,theheataccumulationduetointerruptedcurrentflowindegradedpowerlinesiseasilyidentified.無人機(jī)可以去除這些威脅，并且可以做的更快。由于電線通常穿過狹窄的通道，無人機(jī)能快速飛行，并且單次充電就能飛上好幾英里。還有就是因?yàn)橐环N叫做熱成像儀的特殊設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)電線上有損壞的地方。熱成像依賴于物體輻射的紅外能量。當(dāng)物體散發(fā)熱量時(shí)，紅外能量就會(huì)增加?；谶@個(gè)原理，老化電線上由于斷路帶來的熱量積聚就很容易檢測(cè)到。Part1OccupationOverviewLawenforcementagencieswouldprobablyprefertohaveanin-housedronepilotoneoftheirranks,whichwillpermitthemtoparticipateindrone-aidedsearchandrescueataminute’snotice.Shouldyourneighborhoodlawenforcementagenciesneedanofficertoserveasadronepilot,youmightstillofferyourservicestogivetheirowndepartmenttraining.執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)可能更愿意吸納一名無人機(jī)飛手，這是首要事情之一，這樣就允許他們參與隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備的無人機(jī)輔助的搜救任務(wù)。萬一你的街區(qū)執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)需要一名辦事員去充當(dāng)一名無人機(jī)飛手，你也許仍然可以為他們部門培訓(xùn)提供你的服務(wù)。Part1OccupationOverviewWVR=withinvisual[?v??u?l]rangeabbr.在視距范圍內(nèi) BVLOS=Beyond[b??j?nd]Visual[?v??u?l]LineOfSight視距外privilege[?pr?v?l?d?]n.權(quán)限aeronautical[?e?r??n??t?kl]adj.航空的NewWordsBasicRequirementsBeatleast16yearsoldBeabletoread,speak,write(exceptionsmaybemadeifthepersonisunabletomeetoneoftheserequirementsforamedicalreason,suchashearingimpairment)BeinaphysicalandmentalconditiontosafelyoperateasmallUASNocriminalrecordcertificationReceiveatleastjuniormiddleschooleducationPart2OccupationalPre-requisite身心ExperienceRequirementsYoucanattendoneoftrainingorganizationsthatgrantedbyAOPAorUTC.Theseorganizationsoffercoursescoveringtheoreticalknowledgeandpracticaloperation.Youneedahighschooldiplomatogetintomosttrainingorganizations.Thetraininggenerallylasts1months.Whenyoufinishallcourses,youarequalifiedtotakeAOPAorUTCexams.Part2OccupationalPre-requisite高中文憑Oral,PracticalandWrittenTests1)ApplicationProcessScheduleanappointmentwithaKnowledgeTestingCenter,whichadministerinitialandrecurrentUAVknowledgeexams.ViewthelistofKnowledgeTestingCenterstofindonenearyou.Applicantsmustbringgovernment-issuedphotoIDtotheirtest.2)WrittenTestThereare100multiple-choicequestions.ForWVRpilot,youneedtoscoreover70percent;whileforBVLOSpilot,80+pointsarenecessary.Onlywhenyoupasswrittentests,canyouattendoraltests.Part2OccupationalPre-requisiteOral,PracticalandWrittenTests3)OralTestInoraltest,youaregiven10multiple-choicequestions,andthepassinggradeis7.Whenyoupasstheoraltest,youcangoonwiththepracticaltest.4)Practicalteststandards

Fixed-wingplane:WVRpilotcanusestabilizemode(flightcontrollerinternalloopcontrol).a:takeoff(wheeled/Catapult/Handthrowing)b:enginefailurestimulationatthe3rdside,Simulatedtouchdownheightislessthan5m.c:landorrecycleatdesignatedreignPart2OccupationalPre-requisite固定翼視距內(nèi)駕駛員實(shí)踐考試可使用姿態(tài)模式（飛控內(nèi)回路參與控制）科目a：起飛（輪式/彈射/手拋等）科目b：在第3邊模擬發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效，模擬接地高度小于5m；科目c：降落或定區(qū)域回收。Oral,PracticalandWrittenTests

BVLOSpilotcanusestabilizemode(flightcontrollerinternalloopcontrol).a:takeoff(wheeled/Catapult/Handthrowing)b:horizontalfigure8track,diameterofbothcyclesis50mc:enginefailurestimulationatthe3rdside,Simulatedtouchdownheightislessthan5md:groundstationrouteplanning,modifyheightandpositionofwaypoint,emergencyoperatione:landorrecycleatdesignatedreignPart2OccupationalPre-requisite固定翼超視距駕駛員實(shí)踐考試可使用姿態(tài)模式（飛控內(nèi)回路參與控制）科目a：起飛（輪式/彈射/手拋等）；科目b：水平8字：左右兩圓直徑50m；科目c：在第3邊模擬發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效，模擬接地高度小于5m；科目d：地面站航線規(guī)劃，修改航路點(diǎn)高度和位置，緊急情況操作科目e：降落或定區(qū)域回收。Oral,PracticalandWrittenTestsRotor:WVRpilot(helicopter/multirotor)canuseGPSmode(bothinternalandoutsideloopofflightcontrollerparticipateincontrol).a:hoverb:horizontal360otrackatlowspeedc:horizontalfigure8track,diameterofbothcyclesis6md:landatdesignatedpointPart2OccupationalPre-requisite旋翼機(jī)視距內(nèi)駕駛員實(shí)踐考試可使用GPS模式（飛控內(nèi)、外回路均參與控制）科目a：懸停；科目b：慢速水平360°；科目c：水平8字：左右兩圓直徑6m；科目d：定點(diǎn)降落。Oral,PracticalandWrittenTests

BVLOSpilot(helicopter/multirotor)canusestabilizemode(flightcontrollerinternalloopparticipatesincontrol;flightcontrollercannothoveratfixedpoint).a:hoverb:horizontal360otrackatlowspeedc:horizontalfigure8track,diameterofbothcyclesis6m.d:groundstationrouteplanning,modifyheightandpositionofwaypoint,emergencyoperation.e:landatdesignatedpointPart2OccupationalPre-requisite旋翼機(jī)超視距駕駛員實(shí)踐考試可使用增穩(wěn)模式（飛控僅內(nèi)回路參與控制，飛控不能執(zhí)行定點(diǎn)功能）科目a：懸停；科目b：慢速水平360°；科目c：水平8字：左右兩圓直徑6m；科目d：地面站航線規(guī)劃，修改航路點(diǎn)高度和位置，緊急情況操作科目e：定點(diǎn)降落。competency[?k?mp?t?nsi]n.能力manoeuvre [m??nu?v?(r)]n.機(jī)動(dòng)動(dòng)作accessory[?k?ses?ri]n.附件requisition[?rekw??z??n]n.正式要求，需要NewWords(1)DronePre-FlightPreparation

DronePre-FlightPreparationdescribestheknowhowofthetechniciantosetuptheequipment&devicesbeforeflyingoperation.Thepersonwhoiscompetentinthiscompetencyunitshallbeabletochargedronebattery,formatstoragecard,propellers,checkweatherandenvironmentcondition,installdronesensors,recordpre-flightlog,setupGroundControlStation(GCS),checkcompasscalibration,andlocatetake-off/landingzone.Theoutcomeofthiscompetencyunitistoenablethereadinessoftherotarydroneforflightoperationasrequiredbyprojectbrief.Part3WorkConditionsandCompetencyProfile無人機(jī)飛行前準(zhǔn)備描述了技術(shù)人員在飛行前對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行設(shè)置的技巧。BESTREGARDSTOALLOFYOU!THANKS!EnglishforUnmannedaerialvehicle無人機(jī)專業(yè)英語Project2:HowtouseRadioControlSystemBasicOperationModelSelectMODELTYPEREVERSEFAILSAFETHRCUTDUALRATEsuperheterodyne['sju:p?'het?r?da?n]adj.超外差的PWM=Pulse-widthmodulationabbr.脈沖寬度調(diào)制PCM=Pulse-codemodulationabbr.脈沖編碼調(diào)制knob[n?b]n.旋鈕ratchet[?r?t??t]n.棘齒CCPM=collective-cyclicpitchmixing[k??lekt?v][?sa?kl?k]abbr.差分螺距混合控制結(jié)構(gòu)Swash[sw??]AFR傾斜盤功能比率NewWordsThefirstgeneraluseofradiocontrolsystemsinmodelsstartedintheearly1950swithsingle-channelself-builtequipment;commercialequipmentcamelater.Theadventoftransistorsgreatlyreducedthebatteryrequirements,sincethecurrentrequirementsatlowvoltageweregreatlyreducedandthehighvoltagebatterywaseliminated.第一次將無線電控制系統(tǒng)用在模型上始于20世紀(jì)50年代早期，而且是單通道DIY設(shè)備；商用的要晚些。晶體管的出現(xiàn)極大地降低了電池參數(shù)要求，因?yàn)榈蛪簵l件下電流要求大幅降低，并且市面上不再有高壓電池了。Part0IntroductionInbothtubeandearlytransistorsets,themodel'scontrolsurfaceswereusuallyoperatedbyanelectromagneticescapementcontrollingthestoredenergyinarubber-bandloop,allowingsimpleon/offruddercontrol(right,left,andneutral)andsometimesotherfunctionssuchasmotorspeed.在電子管和早期晶體管時(shí)代，模型的控制面通常通過電磁擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)來進(jìn)行控制，一般是控制儲(chǔ)存在橡皮圈環(huán)里的能量來實(shí)現(xiàn)，可以進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的開/關(guān)方向舵控制，又是也可進(jìn)行如電機(jī)速度的控制。Part0IntroductionCrystal-controlledsuperheterodynereceiverswithbetterselectivityandstabilitymadecontrolequipmentmorecapableandatlowercost.Multi-channeldevelopmentswereofparticularusetoaircraft,whichreallyneededaminimumofthreecontroldimensions(yaw,pitchandmotorspeed),asopposedtoboats,whichrequiredonlytwoorone.晶振控制的超外差式接收機(jī)具有更好的選擇性和穩(wěn)定性，使得控制設(shè)備性能更出眾且價(jià)格更低。多通道技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)飛機(jī)來說特別有用，最起碼需要三個(gè)控制維度(偏航，俯仰和電機(jī)速度)，對(duì)于船來說，僅僅需要一個(gè)或兩個(gè)維度的控制。Part0IntroductionAstheelectronicsrevolutiontookoff,single-signalchannelcircuitdesignbecameredundant,andinsteadradiosprovidedproportionallycodedsignalstreamswhichaservomechanismcouldinterpret,usingPulse-widthmodulation(PWM).隨著電子技術(shù)的革命，單信號(hào)通道電路設(shè)計(jì)變得多余，取而代之的是無線電提供了比例編碼信號(hào)流技術(shù)，伺服系統(tǒng)可以進(jìn)行譯碼，使用的是脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)。SomemoremodernFM-signalreceiversthatstilluse"PWM"encodinginsteadcan,thankstotheuseofmoreadvancedcomputerchipsinthem,bemadetolockontoandusetheindividualsignalcharacteristicsofaparticularPWM-typeRCtransmitter'semissionsalone,withoutneedingaspecial"code"transmittedalongwiththecontrolinformationasPCMencodinghasalwaysrequired.Part0Introduction由于使用了更先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)芯片，一些更現(xiàn)代的FM信號(hào)接收機(jī)仍然使用“PWM”編碼，可以鎖定并使用特定PWM型RC發(fā)射器單獨(dú)發(fā)射所具有的獨(dú)特信號(hào)特性，不需要與控制信息一起傳輸?shù)奶厥狻按a”，而PCM編碼總是需要的。Eachtransmitterhasanindividuallyassigned,uniqueIDcode.Inordertostartoperation,thereceivermustbelinkedwiththeIDcodeofthetransmitterwithwhichitisbeingpaired.Oncethelinkismade,theIDcodeisstoredinthereceiverandnofurtherlinkingisnecessaryunlessthereceiveristobeusedwithanothertransmitter.Whenpurchasingadditionalreceivers,thisprocedureisnecessary;otherwisethereceiverwillnotwork.開始操控時(shí)，接收機(jī)必須和正在配對(duì)的發(fā)射機(jī)ID碼建立連接。一旦這種連接建立了，ID碼就存儲(chǔ)在接收機(jī)中，并且除非該接收機(jī)被用到另一個(gè)發(fā)射機(jī)上，否則就沒必要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的連接。Part1BasicOperationInitially,theT14SGassignsthefirstmodeltomodel-01inthetransmitter.TheMODELSelectfunctionoftheLinkageMenuisusedtoaddmodelsandtoselectamongstmodelswhicharealreadyset.剛開始，T14SG在發(fā)射機(jī)上分配給第一個(gè)模型的是model-01.關(guān)聯(lián)菜單下的模型選擇功能用來添加模型，并在已經(jīng)設(shè)置好的模型中選擇模型。Whenanewmodelisadded,theModeltypeselectscreenandSystemmodesetupscreenautomaticallyappear.Pleasebeawarethatthetransmitterwillstoptransmittingtemporarilywhenyouchangethemodel.當(dāng)添加完一個(gè)新建模型后，會(huì)自動(dòng)出現(xiàn)模型類型選擇和系統(tǒng)模式設(shè)置屏幕。要注意當(dāng)你改變模型時(shí)，發(fā)射機(jī)將暫時(shí)停止發(fā)射信號(hào)。Part1BasicOperationAdjusttheneutralpositionandcontrolsurfaceanglewiththelinkage,andfinetunethemwiththeSub-TrimandEndPointfunctions.Toprotectthelinkage,alimitpositioncanalsobesetwiththeEndPointfunction.TheEndPointfunctioncanadjusttheamountofup/downandleft/rightmovementandlimitofeachchannel.用連桿調(diào)整中立位置和控制舵面的角度，并且使用中立微調(diào)和舵機(jī)行程量功能進(jìn)行細(xì)微調(diào)整。為了保護(hù)連桿，也需要用行程量功能設(shè)置限制位。行程量功能能調(diào)整每一個(gè)通道的上下左右運(yùn)動(dòng)及限制位。Part1BasicOperationD/Rfunctionisusedtoadjustthethrowandoperationcurveofthestickfunctions(aileron,elevator,rudderandthrottle)foreachswitchposition(airplane)oreachflightcondition.ThisisnormallyusedafterthemodelerhasdefinedthemaximumthrowdirectionsintheEndPointsettings.可調(diào)比率功能用來對(duì)每個(gè)條件內(nèi)或每個(gè)開關(guān)的控制桿功能(副翼，升降舵，方向舵和油門)的舵角及EXP曲線進(jìn)行設(shè)定。可調(diào)比率功能一般是在調(diào)整完EPA功能的最大舵角后進(jìn)行設(shè)定。Part1BasicOperationThecopyfunctionisusedtocopyparameters,settings,etc.Fromonemodeldataintoasecondmemory.Itmaybeusedforgettingahead-startonsettingupmodelswithalmostthesamesettings.Also,thisfunctionmaybeusedtomakeabackupcopyofamodelsetupbeforeanychangesaremade.復(fù)制功能用于復(fù)制參數(shù)，設(shè)置等。從一個(gè)模型數(shù)據(jù)到第二個(gè)存儲(chǔ)器。它可用來復(fù)制已有的模型設(shè)定，僅需要修改不同的部分。此外，當(dāng)嘗試對(duì)模型設(shè)置進(jìn)行改變之前，還可以用這一功能進(jìn)行模型設(shè)置的備份。Part2ModelselectSixswashtypesareavailableforhelicopters.Sixtypesofmainwingsandthreetypesoftailwingsareavailableforairplanesandgliders.Functionsandmixingfunctionsnecessaryforeachmodeltypearesetinadvanceatthefactory.Note:TheModelTypefunctionautomaticallyselectstheappropriateoutputchannels,controlfunctions,andmixingfunctionsforthechosenmodeltype.直升機(jī)有6種傾斜盤類型供選擇。固定翼飛機(jī)和滑翔機(jī)有6種主翼類型和3種尾翼類型。每一種模型必備的功能和混控選項(xiàng)在出廠前已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)置。重要：模型類型功能會(huì)為選擇的模型類型自動(dòng)選擇合適的輸出通道、控制功能和混控功能。Part3MODELTYPEWhentheModelTypeselectioncommandisaccessed,allofthedataintheactivememoryiscleared.Besurethatyoudon’tmindlosingthisdata,orbackituptoanothermemoryusingthecopyingfunctions.Whenchangingthehelicopterswashtypewithinthefollowinggroups,youcanleavethesettingsotherthantheSWASHfunction.However,thisisinitializedwhenyouchangetheswashtypetotheotherswashtypegroup.在此模型類型畫面中選擇模型類型設(shè)定后，之前所做的其他設(shè)定將被清楚。你不用在意丟失數(shù)據(jù)，或者你可以使用復(fù)制功能把它備份到另一存儲(chǔ)器上。當(dāng)在下述傾斜盤類型組合內(nèi)進(jìn)行變更時(shí)，則傾斜盤功能以外的數(shù)據(jù)可以被保留。然而，如果跨越組合進(jìn)行更改，則設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被清空。Part3MODELTYPEWithCCPMhelicopters,alwayscompleteyourservoreversingpriortoanyotherprogramming.Ifyouusepre-builtAirplane/Sailplanefunctionsthatcontrolmultipleservos,itmaybeconfusingtotellwhethertheservoneedstobereversedorasettinginthefunctionneedstobereversed.Seetheinstructionsforeachspecializedfunctionforfurtherdetails.Alwayscheckservodirectionpriortoeveryflightasanadditionalprecautiontoconfirmpropermodelmemory,hookups,andradiofunction.帶集合傾斜盤結(jié)構(gòu)的直升機(jī)，先使用舵機(jī)反向功能令傾斜盤可以正常上下動(dòng)作。如果你使用預(yù)置好的控制多個(gè)舵機(jī)的固定翼/滑翔機(jī)功能時(shí)，究竟應(yīng)該對(duì)舵機(jī)進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)、還是通過功能設(shè)定進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)，是非常難以分清的。針對(duì)特殊的功能，請(qǐng)參照該功能的說明進(jìn)行設(shè)定。在任何飛行前都要檢查舵機(jī)方向，這作為一項(xiàng)額外的注意事項(xiàng)，以確認(rèn)合適的模型內(nèi)存、線路連接及無線電功能。Part4REVERSETheT14SGsystemalsoprovidesuswithanadvancedbatterymonitoringfunctionthatwarnsyouwhenthereceiverbatteryhasonlyalittlepowerremaining.Inthiscase,eachservoismovedtothedefinedfailsafeposition.Thebatteryfailsafemaybereleasedbyoperatingapredefinedcontrolonthetransmitter(defaultisthrottle),donotcontinuetofly,landassoonaspossible.Remember,ifthepredefinedcontrolsuddenlymovestoapositionyoudidnotcommand,landatonceandcheckyourreceiverbattery.T14SG系統(tǒng)給我們提供了先進(jìn)的電池監(jiān)控功能，在接收機(jī)電池缺電時(shí)可以報(bào)警。在這種情況下，每個(gè)舵機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到預(yù)先設(shè)定好的位置上。電池缺電保護(hù)可以通過操控發(fā)射器上預(yù)先定義好的控制開關(guān)進(jìn)行解除，解除后請(qǐng)不要繼續(xù)飛行，須立即著陸。記住，如果預(yù)定義的控制開關(guān)突然轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到失控保護(hù)的位置上，需要立即著陸，并檢查接收機(jī)電池電壓。Part5FAILSELFRemembertosetthethrottlechannelfailsafefunctionsothattheservomovestothemaximumslowsideforairplanesandtotheslowsidefromthehoveringpositionforhelicopters.Crashingofthemodelatfullhighwhennormalradiowavescannotbereceivedduetointerference,etc.,isverydangerous.記住要設(shè)置油門通道的失控保護(hù)，固定翼飛機(jī)一定要設(shè)定在最低位，直升機(jī)一定要設(shè)定在比懸停狀態(tài)再低一點(diǎn)的位置。在由于干擾無法正常收到信號(hào)時(shí)，高速墜落時(shí)非常危險(xiǎn)的。Part5FAILSELFIfthebatteryfailsafeisresetbythethrottlestick,itmaybemistakenforanenginemalfunctionandwillberesetatthrottleslowandthemodelwillcontinuetofly.Ifyouhaveanydoubts,immediatelyland.如果將電池缺電保護(hù)的解除開關(guān)設(shè)定在油門操縱桿上，缺電保護(hù)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障兩者容易混淆，在油門桿低位時(shí)，會(huì)重置，航模會(huì)繼續(xù)飛行。如有任何疑問，請(qǐng)迅速降落。Part5FAILSELFThrottlecutprovidesaneasywaytostoptheengine.Generallyspeaking,modelerswilldosobyflippingaswitchwiththethrottlestickatidle.Theactionisnotfunctionalathighthrottletoavoidaccidentaldeadsticklandings.Theswitch’slocationanddirectionmustbechosen,asitdefaultstoNULL.通常來說，航模操控者只需撥動(dòng)開關(guān)使得油門桿在怠速位，便可關(guān)閉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作在高速油門狀態(tài)下不會(huì)工作，這樣可以避免意外熄火迫降。開關(guān)的位置和方向必須設(shè)定好，因?yàn)殚_關(guān)的初始設(shè)定為無。Note:SinceconditionsarenotofferedwhenanAirplaneisselected,theThrottleCutoptionswillvaryfromtheoptionsnotedbelow.注意：由于選擇固定翼時(shí)并未提供條件，油門熄火選項(xiàng)將隨著下面列出的情形而變化。Part6THRCUTIftheThrottleCutswitchisactivated,oron,thisstatuswillcontinueeveniftheconditionischangedtoaninhibitedsetting.Iftheconditionisinhibited(INH)theThrottleCutisoffiftheSWisintheoffpositionandthethrottlestickislow.如果油門熄火開關(guān)啟動(dòng)或者打開，這種狀態(tài)將會(huì)繼續(xù)保持，即使這種狀態(tài)切換到不啟動(dòng)條件下。如果處于不啟動(dòng)條件下，SW處于關(guān)閉位置且油門桿處于低位。油門熄火開關(guān)將關(guān)閉。Part6THRCUTThisisnormallyusedaftertheEndPointprogramminghasbeencompletedtodefinethemaximumthrow.Whenmixingisappliedfromonechanneltoanotherchannel,bothchannelscanbeadjustedatthesametimebyadjustingtheoperationratethroughthedualratefunction.Part7DUALRATEBESTREGARDSTOALLOFYOU!THANKS!EnglishforUnmannedaerialvehicle無人機(jī)專業(yè)英語主講教師：劉肩山Project3:QuadcopterAssemblyandCommisioningsturdy [?st?:di]substantial[s?b?st?n?l] kit [k?t]bargain [?bɑ:g?n]rugged [?r?g?d]readily [?red?li]gimbal ['d??mb?l]genuinely['d?enj??nl?]compatible [k?m?p?t?bl]miscellaneous[?m?s??le?ni?s]NewWords堅(jiān)定的;強(qiáng)壯的，健全的;堅(jiān)固的，耐用的;大量的;結(jié)實(shí)的，牢固的;重大的;衣物和裝備;成套用品;配套元件;交易;契約，協(xié)定;特價(jià)商品;便宜貨;崎嶇的;凹凸不平的;結(jié)實(shí)的;樂意地;快捷地;輕而易舉地;便利地;萬向節(jié);真誠(chéng)地;真正地;真地;誠(chéng)實(shí)地;兼容的，相容的;和諧的，協(xié)調(diào)的;混雜的;各種各樣的;五花八門的;多方面的;wrap [r?p]tiewrapassorted[??s?:t?d]solderingiron rosin[?r?z?n]coredsolderthreadlockerAllenwrenches[rent?]leads ['ledz]sparingly['spe?r??l?] excess[?k?ses]NewWords膝毯，披肩，圍巾，圍脖;扎帶各式各樣的;五顏六色的;混雜的;烙鐵;松香焊錫螺紋螺絲膠艾倫（內(nèi)六角）扳手線索;鉛框;保守地;節(jié)約地;仁慈地;缺少地;超過;超額量;多余量;wrap [r?p]tiewrapassorted[??s?:t?d]solderingiron rosin[?r?z?n]coredsolderthreadlockerAllenwrenches[rent?]leads ['ledz]sparingly['spe?r??l?] excess[?k?ses]NewWords膝毯，披肩，圍巾，圍脖;扎帶各式各樣的;五顏六色的;混雜的;烙鐵;松香焊錫螺紋螺絲膠艾倫（內(nèi)六角）扳手線索;鉛框;保守地;節(jié)約地;仁慈地;缺少地;超過;超額量;多余量;wrap [r?p]tiewrapassorted[??s?:t?d]solderingiron rosin[?r?z?n]coredsolderthreadlockerAllenwrenches[rent?]leads ['ledz]sparingly['spe?r??l?] excess[?k?ses]NewWords膝毯，披肩，圍巾，圍脖;扎帶各式各樣的;五顏六色的;混雜的;烙鐵;松香焊錫螺紋螺絲膠艾倫（內(nèi)六角）扳手線索;鉛框;保守地;節(jié)約地;仁慈地;缺少地;超過;超額量;多余量;keepoff shoulder [????ld?(r)]sufficiently [s?'f??ntl?]oneatatimetricky [?tr?ki]offsetsocket [?s?k?t]flux [fl?ks] pad [p?d]tinned [t?nd]soakup [s?uk?p]NewWords（使）不接近;肩膀;（衣服的）肩部;山肩;路肩;足夠地，充分地;一次一個(gè)狡猾的;微妙的;排列不正插座;燈座;窩，穴;熔化;熔解;流出;墊，襯墊;護(hù)具;罐頭的;鍍錫的，包錫的;吸收，（使）充滿;大量而迅速地吸取;out-of-the-boxopticallyisolatedsuspension[s??spen?n]stickout[stikaut]standoffcoupled ['k?pld]adhesive[?d?hi:s?v]silicone[?s?l?k??n]electricaltapeBubbleWrapcushioning['k???n??]NewWords拆盒即可使用的，開箱即用的;光隔離懸浮;懸架;懸浮液;暫停;堅(jiān)持;伸出來;板金銅柱連結(jié)的，聯(lián)系的;黏合劑，粘著劑;硅樹脂;絕緣帶，電線包布;氣泡布;減震，緩沖;stock [st?k] oval [???vl]boreoutdrill [dr?l] NewWords提供貨物;備有;橢圓形的;卵形的;鏜孔;鉆頭Itcanbeflownindoorsorout.Eventhoughitiscompact,theF330issubstantialandcaneasilycarryabatterythatwillpermit15minuteflights.TheF330cancarryaGoProtypecameraorFPVsystemifdesired.TheARF(AlmostReadytoFly)kitisasuperbargainandincludesmotors,ESCs(ElectronicSpeedControls)andPropellers.TheDJIMotorsandESCsprovidedintheARFkitareofhighquality,verydurableandlonglasting.Theframeisextremelyruggedandallreplacementpartsarereadilyavailableandinexpensive.Part1TheDJIF330FlameWheelisinexpensive,sturdyandsmall.TheF450FlameWheelARFkithasalargerframe,30ampESCsand10”propsforonly$10.00morethantheF330.TheF450iswellsuitedtocarryingaGoProcamera,brushlessgimbal,landinggearandalargerbatteryforlongerflights.TheF330andF450FlameWheelareexcellentplatformsforthePX4andPixHawkFlightcontrollersaswellastheAPM.Ihave,infact,convertedmypersonalF330tousethePX4flightcontrollerwithgreatsuccess.IstronglyrecommendtheF330andF450ARFkits,theyarereliable,ruggedandinexpensiveandaresuitableformanyuses.Part2TheDJIF450FlamewheelisanexcellentlargeralternativetotheF330Part3ComponentsrequiredinadditiontotheFlamewheelARFkit1、AFlightControlBoardwithUBloxGPSmoduleandpowersupplymodule.2、RCequipment:RCtransmitteranda5+channelradioreceiver3、A3cell1800mahto2650mahLiPobatteryandanappropriatebatteryCharger.4、femaletofemale3wirereceiver/servocables,abatterystrap,tiewrapsandsomeassortedhardware.5、Youwillalsoneedanadjustablesolderingiron,rosincoredsolder,bluethreadlockerandsomesmallMetricAllenwrenches.GototheDJIwebsiteFlamewheelsupportsection

togetaPDFcopyoftheir“manual”.noneisincludedinthekits.Itismoreofanassemblydiagramthanamanual,butthepicturesaredefinitelyuseful.TheDJIinstructionsshowsolderingtheESCstothePowerDistributionBoard(bottomframeplate)first.Inourexampletheywereputinafterframeassemblybecauseitmakesitpossibletofitthingsmoreclosely.ButitdoesrequireabitofcreativitywhensolderingtheESCleadstothebottomplate/powerdistributionboard.Yourchoice.Part4FrameandMotorAssemblyUseBlueorpurpleremovablethreadlockerverysparinglyonthethreadsoftheAllenscrewswhenyouassembletheframe.Trytokeepexcessthreadlockeroffoftheplastic.Thisisnotactuallyachievable,butdothebestyoucan.Motorandframescrewshaveashoulderonthemandyouneedtotightenthemallsufficientlysothattheshoulderfullyseats.Agoodmethodistoinstallallscrews(withLocktite)looselythentightenallthescrewsoneachframearmoneatatime.Dothisinonesitting.Part4FrameandMotorAssemblyWheninstallingthemotors,pre-bendthemotorleadsupwardwheretheyexitthemotorbottomsothatthemotorcansitflat.Havetheleadsexittowardsthecenterofthecopter.Motorbottomscrewsa