2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句解題技巧提升試卷（含答案）考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀理解Directions:Beloweachpassage,thereareseveralquestions.Eachquestionconsistsofthreeparts:aquestionstem,threeanswerchoices,andaninstruction.Readthepassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)toeachquestion.Markyouransweronyouranswersheet.Passage1Thehumanbrainisanextraordinarilycomplexorgan,capableofstoringandprocessingvastamountsofinformation.However,muchofthiscapacityremainsuntapped,lyingdormantbeneaththesurfaceofourconsciousawareness.Recentcognitivescienceresearchsuggeststhatbyunderstandingandleveragingthebrain'sinherentplasticity,individualscansignificantlyenhancetheirlearningandproblem-solvingabilities.Thisplasticity,essentiallythebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife,isnotmerelyatheoreticalconceptbutapracticaltoolthatcanbeharnessedthroughspecificmentalexercisesandenvironmentalstimuli.Oneeffectivemethodforunlockingthebrain'spotentialisthroughthepracticeofmindfulnessmeditation.Thisancienttechnique,whichinvolvesfocusingone'sattentiononthepresentmomentwithoutjudgment,hasbeenshowntopromotestructuralchangesinthebrain.Studiesusingneuroimagingtechniqueshaverevealedthatregularmindfulnesspracticecanincreasethedensityofgraymatterinthehippocampus,aregioncriticalforlearningandmemory.Furthermore,itenhancestheconnectivitybetweentheprefrontalcortexandtheamygdala,leadingtoimprovedemotionalregulationandstressmanagement.Theseneurologicaladaptationstranslateintotangiblebenefitsforcognitivefunction,includingenhancedfocus,betterdecision-making,andincreasedcreativity.Whilemindfulnessmeditationofferssignificantadvantages,itisnottheonlystrategyforenhancingbrainfunction.Anotherpromisingapproachistheengagementinchallengingcognitivetasksthatpushthebrainbeyonditscomfortzone.Thisprinciple,knownas"neurobics,"involvesactivitiesthatstimulatethebraininnovelways,suchaslearningamusicalinstrument,masteringanewlanguage,orsolvingcomplexpuzzles.Theseactivitiespromotethegrowthofnewneuronsandsynapses,aprocessknownasneurogenesis.Byconsistentlyexposingthebraintonovelexperiences,individualscanstrengthentheircognitivereserve,makingthemmoreresilienttoage-relatedcognitivedeclineandneurodegenerativediseases.Itisalsocrucialtorecognizetheroleofsleepinoptimizingbrainfunction.Sleepisnotmerelyapassivestateofrestbutanactiveprocessthatisessentialformemoryconsolidation,cognitiverestoration,andemotionalwell-being.Duringsleep,thebrainundergoesaseriesofcriticalfunctions,includingtheclearanceofmetabolicwasteproductsandthereorganizationofneuralnetworks.Researchhasconsistentlydemonstratedastrongcorrelationbetweenadequatesleepdurationandimprovedcognitiveperformance.Individualswhoconsistentlyobtainsufficientsleeptendtoexhibitbetterattention,sharpermemory,andenhancedproblem-solvingskillscomparedtothosewhosufferfromsleepdeprivation.Ultimately,thepotentialofthehumanbrainisfargreaterthanmostpeoplerealize.Byincorporatingpracticessuchasmindfulnessmeditation,engaginginneurobicactivities,andensuringadequatesleep,individualscanunlocktheircognitivepotentialandleadmorefulfillinglives.Thesestrategiesarenotonlybeneficialforenhancingdailycognitivefunctionbutalsoforlong-termbrainhealthandwell-being.Thekeyliesinunderstandingthebrain'sremarkableplasticityandactivelyengaginginpracticesthatpromoteitsoptimalfunctioning.Questions1-5arebasedonthepassageabove.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thehumanbrainhasalimitedcapacityforinformationstorageandprocessing.B.Ancienttechniqueslikemindfulnessmeditationcansignificantlyenhancebrainfunction.C.Thebrain'splasticitycanbeharnessedthroughspecificmentalexercisesandenvironmentalstimuli.D.Sleepdeprivationistheprimaryfactorcontributingtocognitivedecline.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatismindfulnessmeditation?A.Aformofphysicalexercisethatimprovesbrainstructure.B.Atechniquethatinvolvesfocusingattentiononthepresentmomentwithoutjudgment.C.Amedicaltreatmentforneurodegenerativediseases.D.Amethodforincreasingthedensityofgraymatterinthebrain.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toargueagainsttheeffectivenessofneurobics.B.Toexplainthenegativeeffectsofsleepdeprivation.C.Topersuadereaderstoincorporatebrain-enhancingpracticesintotheirdailyroutines.D.Tocriticizetheconceptofbrainplasticity.4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthebrain'sabilitytochange?A.Thebraincannotchangeitsstructureorfunctiononceitreachesadulthood.B.Thebrain'sabilitytochangeislimitedbygeneticfactors.C.Thebrainiscapableofreorganizingitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.D.Thebrain'splasticitydiminishessignificantlyaftertheageof30.5.Theword"tangible"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.IntangibleB.MeasurableC.TheoreticalD.SubtlePassage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddebateaboutitspotentialimpactontheglobaleconomyandthefutureofwork.WhilesomeenvisionafuturewhereAIautomatesmundanetasks,leadingtoincreasedefficiencyandproductivity,othersraiseconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkersandtheexacerbationofeconomicinequality.UnderstandingthemultifacetednatureofthisimpactiscrucialforpolicymakersandbusinessesalikeastheynavigatethetransitiontowardsamoreAI-integratedworld.OneofthemostsignificantpotentialbenefitsofAIisitsabilitytoaugmenthumancapabilitiesinvariousdomains.Inhealthcare,forinstance,AI-powereddiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracyandspeedthanhumanradiologists,leadingtoearlierdetectionofdiseasesandimprovedpatientoutcomes.Inthefinancialsector,AIalgorithmscanassesscreditrisksmoreeffectively,enablingmoreefficientallocationofcapital.Similarly,increativeindustries,AIcanassistingeneratingnovelideas,composingmusic,ordesigninggraphics,pushingtheboundariesofhumancreativity.Theseapplicationshavethepotentialtodriveinnovation,improveproductivity,andcreateneweconomicopportunities.However,theriseofAIalsoposeschallengestothelabormarket.Automationofroutineandrepetitivetaskscouldleadtojobdisplacementincertainsectors,particularlyinmanufacturing,dataentry,andcustomerservice.WhilenewjobswillundoubtedlyemergeinfieldsrelatedtoAIdevelopment,maintenance,andoversight,theskillsrequiredfortheserolesmaydiffersignificantlyfromthoseofthedisplacedworkers.Thismismatchcouldresultinaskillsgap,exacerbatingeconomicinequalityandrequiringsignificantinvestmentsineducationandretrainingprograms.GovernmentsandbusinessesmustcollaboratetoensureasmoothtransitionforworkersaffectedbyAI-drivenautomation.Furthermore,theethicalimplicationsofAIcannotbeoverlooked.Issuessuchasalgorithmicbias,privacyconcerns,andthepotentialformisuseofAItechnologyrequirecarefulconsiderationandregulation.Forexample,AIsystemstrainedonbiaseddatasetsmayperpetuateexistingsocietalbiases,leadingtounfairoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.EnsuringtransparencyandaccountabilityinAIsystemsisessentialtobuildpublictrustandmitigatetheserisks.Additionally,protectingindividualprivacyinanincreasinglydata-drivenworldnecessitatesthedevelopmentofrobustdataprotectionframeworksandethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopmentanddeployment.TheintegrationofAIintotheglobaleconomyisnotaquestionofif,butratherwhenandhow.Thepotentialbenefitsareimmense,butsoarethechallenges.ProactivemeasuresmustbetakentoharnessthepositiveaspectsofAIwhilemitigatingitsnegativeconsequences.Thisrequiresamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingcollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,educationalinstitutions,andcivilsociety.Byfosteringacultureofinnovation,investingineducationandretraining,andestablishingethicalframeworks,wecannavigatetheAIrevolutioninawaythatmaximizesitsbenefitsandminimizesitsrisks,ensuringamoreequitableandprosperousfutureforall.Questions6-10arebasedonthepassageabove.6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Artificialintelligencewillcompletelyreplacehumanworkersinthefuture.B.TherapidadvancementofAIhassparkedwidespreaddebateaboutitspotentialimpact.C.GovernmentsandbusinessesmustcollaboratetoensureasmoothtransitionforworkersaffectedbyAI.D.TheethicalimplicationsofAIaremoresignificantthanitspotentialeconomicbenefits.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepotentialbenefitofAIinthehealthcaresector?A.AIcanincreasethecostofmedicaltreatments.B.AI-powereddiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracyandspeed.C.AIwillreplacehumandoctorsentirely.D.AIreducestheneedformedicalresearch.8.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopersuadereadersthatAIwillleadtojobdisplacementinallsectors.B.ToargueagainsttheuseofAIincreativeindustries.C.ToexplainthepotentialbenefitsandchallengesofAIintheglobaleconomy.D.TocritiquetheethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment.9.Theword"multifaceted"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.SimpleB.LimitedC.DiverseD.Monolithic10.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingiscrucialfornavigatingtheAIrevolution?A.ReducingthenumberofnewjobscreatedbyAI.B.IgnoringtheethicalimplicationsofAI.C.Fosteringacultureofinnovationandinvestingineducation.D.FocusingsolelyonthepotentialeconomicbenefitsofAI.Passage3Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,asgrowingawarenessofenvironmentaldegradationandsocialinequalityhaspromptedindividuals,organizations,andgovernmentstoseekmoreresponsibleandequitablewaysoflivinganddoingbusiness.Atitscore,sustainabilityencompassesthreeinterconnectedpillars:environmental,social,andeconomic.Eachpillarisessentialforcreatingatrulysustainablefuture,andneglectinganyoneofthemcanunderminetheoverallsuccessofsustainabilityinitiatives.Theenvironmentalpillarfocusesonpreservingthenaturalworldandmitigatingthehumanimpactonecosystems.Thisinvolvesaddressingissuessuchasclimatechange,deforestation,pollution,andbiodiversityloss.Sustainablepracticesinthisareaincludereducinggreenhousegasemissions,conservingwaterandenergy,promotingrenewableenergysources,andimplementingwastereductionandrecyclingprograms.Byprotectingtheenvironment,weensurethatnaturalresourcesareavailableforfuturegenerationsandthatecosystemsremainhealthyandresilient.Thesocialpillarofsustainabilityemphasizestheimportanceofsocialequity,humanwell-being,andcommunitydevelopment.Thisinvolvesaddressingissuessuchaspoverty,inequality,accesstoeducationandhealthcare,andsocialjustice.Sustainablepracticesinthisareaincludepromotingfairlaborpractices,ensuringaccesstobasicservicesforall,fosteringcommunityengagement,andsupportingculturaldiversity.Byprioritizingsocialequity,wecreateamorejustandinclusivesocietywhereeveryonehastheopportunitytothrive.Theeconomicpillarofsustainabilityfocusesonpromotingeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentthatisenvironmentallyandsociallyresponsible.Thisinvolvesmovingawayfromthetraditionalmodelofendlessconsumptionandresourcedepletiontowardsamorecirculareconomythatemphasizesresourceefficiency,reuse,andrecycling.Sustainablepracticesinthisareaincludeinvestingingreentechnologies,promotingsustainableagriculture,supportingethicalbusinesspractices,andencouraginginnovationthataddressesenvironmentalandsocialchallenges.Byfosteringasustainableeconomy,wecancreatelong-termprosperitywhileminimizingnegativeimpactsontheenvironmentandsociety.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresaholisticapproachthatintegratesthethreepillarsintoallaspectsofsociety.Thisnecessitatescollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,NGOs,andindividuals,aswellasashiftinmindsettowardsamorelong-termandresponsibleperspective.Whilethechallengesaresignificant,thebenefitsofsustainabilityareundeniable.Byworkingtogethertoaddressenvironmental,social,andeconomicissues,wecancreateamoreequitable,prosperous,andsustainablefutureforall.Questions11-15arebasedonthepassageabove.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theconceptofsustainabilityisbecominglessimportantintoday'sworld.B.Sustainabilityencompassesthreeinterconnectedpillars:environmental,social,andeconomic.C.Theenvironmentalpillarofsustainabilityismoreimportantthanthesocialandeconomicpillars.D.Governmentsaretheonlyonesresponsibleforachievingsustainability.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonesustainablepracticerelatedtotheenvironmentalpillar?A.Increasinggreenhousegasemissions.B.Promotingrenewableenergysources.C.Focusingsolelyoneconomicgrowth.D.Neglectingsocialjusticeissues.13.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toargueagainsttheimportanceofsocialequityinsustainability.B.Toexplainthenegativeimpactsofacirculareconomy.C.Topersuadereadersthatachievingsustainabilityrequiresaholisticapproach.D.TocriticizetheroleofNGOsinsustainabilityinitiatives.14.Theword"interconnected"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.IndependentB.IsolatedC.LinkedD.Separate15.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingisessentialforachievingsustainability?A.Ashiftinmindsettowardsamorelong-termandresponsibleperspective.B.Prioritizingeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalprotection.C.IgnoringtheroleofNGOsinsustainabilityinitiatives.D.Focusingonlyontheenvironmentalpillarofsustainability.---試卷答案Passage11.C*解析思路：文章首段提出大腦具有未開發(fā)的潛力，第二段引出“可塑性”概念，第三段說明可以通過練習和刺激來利用這種可塑性。第四段進一步強調(diào)睡眠的作用。第五段總結(jié)，強調(diào)通過特定方法可以解鎖大腦潛力。全文圍繞“大腦的可塑性及其提升方法”展開，C選項準確概括了主旨。2.B*解析思路：第二段明確提到“mindfulnessmeditation”（正念冥想）是“involvingfocusingone'sattentiononthepresentmomentwithoutjudgment”（專注于當下時刻而不加評判）的一種練習。A、C、D選項在文中均未提及或與定義不符。3.C*解析思路：文章從第二段開始介紹正念冥想、神經(jīng)刺激、睡眠等具體提升大腦功能的方法，并在最后一段總結(jié)，鼓勵讀者將這些方法融入日常生活。全文的基調(diào)是積極倡導，旨在說服讀者采取行動，故C選項為正確目的。4.C*解析思路：第一段明確指出大腦的“plasticity,essentiallythebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife”（本質(zhì)上是大腦通過在其一生中形成新的神經(jīng)連接來重組自身的能力）。C選項與原文定義完全一致。5.B*解析思路：第二段提到這些（由正念冥想帶來的）好處是“tangiblebenefitsforcognitivefunction”（認知功能的實際好處）。結(jié)合上下文，這些好處是可以通過觀察或測試衡量的，故“tangible”（可觸摸的，在此引申為可感知的、可衡量的）與B選項的“measurable”（可衡量的）意思最接近。Passage2