專題29完形填空之議論文類

《考點(diǎn)?題型?技巧》

0考向分析

議論文是一種通過剖析事物或論述事理來提出主張或發(fā)表見解的文體。議論文分為兩

種，一種是夾敘夾議型，另一種是純議論型。

議論文是一種剖析事理、論述事物、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。議論文的目的

不僅是客觀地解釋事物，還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。議論文是高考完形填空題中

較難的一種體裁，它一般由三個要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。做好這類題的關(guān)鍵在于要抓

住作者的論點(diǎn)。

議論文中對于論點(diǎn)的提出通常有三種形式：

1.開門見山，直接提出論點(diǎn)

在有些議論文中作者開頭就提出論點(diǎn)，通過論證，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一個

話題供大家討論。一般來說，這種形式的議論文作者態(tài)度明確，我們也能很容易地把握作者

對某一件事的看法。

2.導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)

在有些議論文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過對某一現(xiàn)象的論述來贊揚(yáng)

或批評某一事物，進(jìn)而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后再用具體的論據(jù)去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

3.水到渠成式得出結(jié)論

在有些議論文中作者開頭只是列舉一系列生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不是表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，通過

對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后自然得出結(jié)論，而此結(jié)論就是文章的論點(diǎn)。

議論文形式的完形填空不像記敘文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我們對整個文章的把

握相對來說也難得多。

趣:考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航

由于與其他文體相比，英語議論文類似英語說明文，因此，它具有英語說明文的一些語言

特點(diǎn)，比如：時態(tài)較為統(tǒng)一，多用現(xiàn)在時；強(qiáng)調(diào)語言表達(dá)的客觀性；盡可能指明信息來源

等等。但作為一種獨(dú)立的文體，英語議論文在語言上也有一些自己特有的表達(dá)形式：

1.較多使用表達(dá)委婉語氣的詞語和句子

與英語說明文相比，英語議論文不僅需要說明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而且還要讓讀者接受自己的觀

點(diǎn)，因此，在詞語表達(dá)上除了客觀之外，還必須注意委婉。在英語中，常用虛擬語氣，讓

步狀語從句和情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,would,should等。

2.使用有辯論、推理等含義的連接詞和過渡詞等詞語結(jié)構(gòu)

英語議論文講究辯論推理的條理性和邏輯性，因此，往往較多地使用這類性質(zhì)的過渡詞和

連接詞，常用的包括：since（既然），nowthal（既然），iherefore（因而），consequendy

（因此），accordingly（因此）,hence（因而），inthatcase（在那種情況下），because（S

為），so（所以）。另外，還有些句型也常出現(xiàn)在英語議論文中，比如：Itfbllowsthat…（因

而...）,If...,wemayconcludethat…（如果....，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論....），Should

itbethecase（如果是這樣的話....）,Idon*twantto...,but…（我并不想.....但是.....），

Ifyouadmit....then…（如果你承認(rèn)....，那么....），Itistruethat...*but…（誠然.....

但是……），Evenif...（即使……）等。

3.使用重復(fù)。

英文一般講求簡潔，因此為表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)偶爾使用重復(fù)可以使語句的強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容得到突出。

4.使用倒裝

倒裝是進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種手段，它利用了語句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充滿著

風(fēng)險與機(jī)遇的改革的新時代正向我們走來”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Nowoningtousistheneweraofreformfullofventuresandchances.

5.使用轉(zhuǎn)義

轉(zhuǎn)義是一種對詞語靈活運(yùn)用的修辭手段，主要有比喻、擬人、夸張、反語?、婉轉(zhuǎn)等，比喻

又包括明喻、暗喻、換喻、提喻等。

解答這類題要遵循下列原則:

1.從首尾句入手，抓住中心

議論文的寫作思路一般為：提出問題-分析問題-解決問題。因此，文章的第一、二句

話通常為文章的主題句，而文章的結(jié)尾句常為文章的結(jié)論。由此可見，我們必須充分利用文

章的首尾句，推測出文章的中心，從而理解全文。

2.緊扣信息詞，把握作者觀點(diǎn)

考生耍弄清文章的行文邏輯，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、

指代關(guān)系等。有時文章的第一、二段并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是對某個事物的介紹或描述，然

后用信息詞，如but,however,yet等將自己的觀點(diǎn)引出，因此，閱讀時一定要特別留意這

些信息詞。

3.從語境入手，確定邏輯關(guān)系

句與句之間總要反映出因果、假設(shè)、條件、類推等邏輯關(guān)系。這些邏輯關(guān)系常常通過

ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,asaresult,asaconsequence,onthecontrary,aboveall,firstof

all,secondly,finally,incase等單詞或短語表達(dá)出來。但有時作者并不使用這些單詞或短語，

而是將邏輯關(guān)系暗含于文章中，這就需要考生根據(jù)語境來確定邏輯關(guān)系。

4.理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論

如果我們連論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論都沒把握住的話，只能是漫無目的地選擇答案了。?般說來，

能說明論點(diǎn)的答案可以在論據(jù)里得到印證，且作為論點(diǎn)的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合

起來,便論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相輔相承，從而便幽篇史.章上下一致。如果我們所詵的答案前后矛盾，

論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相悖，最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)自相矛盾，那就說明我們對文章的把握缺乏條理性和系

統(tǒng)性，我們就需重新來理順文章的各部分，直到條理清楚為止，然后再根據(jù)自己對文章的把

握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。

【題型分析】

【題型一根據(jù)首段或首句】

Allofusgothroughsomedifficulttimesasweapproachteenageyears.It'stheagewhenwehave

todealwiththemost36inourlife.ThisIransilion（過渡）fromchildhoodtoadulthoodis

37forsome,butroughforothers.Themostimpcrtantthingaboutbeingateenageris

38.Whenweareteenagers,wewouldgetblamedorevenpunishedforanythingwrong

wcdo.

36.A.chancesB.changesC.feelingsD.expectations

37.A.smoothB.practicalC.demandingD.necessary

38.A.knowledgeB.independenceC.confidenceD.

responsibility

【題型二作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度】

Youdonothavetotrainyourself6tofeelthepsychologicalbenefitsofexercise.

Whatreallymattersis7,notintensity（強(qiáng)度）ofyourexercise.Youcantrywalkingfor30

1.A.familiarB.newC.oldD.strange

2.A.senseB.kindC.typeD.matter

3.A.asB.sinceC.withD.for

4.A.happenedB.occurredC.inventedD.created

5.A.realizedB.thoughtC.recognizedD.discovered

6.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what

7.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.graduallyD.immediately

8.A.necessityB.equipmentC.toolD.treasure

9.A.conductedB.finishedC.rememberedD.forgotten

10.A.waitB.stopC.holdD.stay

11.A.howlongB.howoftenC.howmanyD.howmuch

12.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything

13.A.thingsB.goodsC.dataD.basics

14.A.correctB.rightC.properD.suilable

15.A.riverB.wellC.springD.perfume

16.A.dropsB.bottlesC.piecesD.bags

17.A.madeB.achievedC.developedD.grew

18.A.possessionB.ponentC.partD.reason

19.A.bringB.takeC.lendD.give

20.A.soulB.mindC.heartD.spirit

2、Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld,wherepeoplearcmeanttobe

connected.Inthisrespect,digitaltechnologieshave41ourlife.

Thepossibilitytobeconnectedallthetimehasbroughtourpersonalspacetoa(n)42

aswe'veknownil.Peoplehavebeeso43in(heworldufnetworksihatonecanoftenbe

contactedevenifthey'drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,textandemail,notonlyfromour

44butfromourmobilephonesaswell.

Mostpeoplehavebee45ondigitaltechnologysimplybecauseithasbeeanecessary

partoflife,andatthispointnot46itwouldmakethemansocialoutsider.47、

manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected.Fromthispointofview,beingreachable

mightteellikea48tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.

Butsolitude（獨(dú)處）stillcanbepossibleforthosewho49wantit.puterscanbe

50andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Ofcourse,thechoicetobe“ofTand、'on"hasmany

51aswellasdisadvantages.Whentravelersendup52inmountains,andirobile

phonescanmeanlifeordeath,althoughtheycanalsomakepeoplefeel53andforcedto

answerunwantedcalls.

Actually,attitudestowardsdigitaltechnologiesasasociety54widely.Somefind

（hemagift.Othersconsider（hemacurse.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'shard（oimaginewhatlife

wouldbelikewithoutthe55indigitaltechnologies.

41.A.reshapedB.respectedC.ignoredD.preserved

42.A.alarmB.stageC.endD.balance

43.A.sensitiveB.intelligentC.considerateD.reachable

44.A.neighborsB.putersC.friendsD.monitors

45.A.impressedB.hardC.dependentD.focused

46.A.findingB.usingC.protectingD.changing

47.A.Also.B.Instead.C.Otherwise.D.Therefore.

48.A.pleasureB.benefitC.burdenD.shame

49.A.slightlyB.barelyC.merelyD.really

50.A.soldoutB.brokenupC.shutdownD.joinedin

51.A.aspectsB.advantagesC.weaknessesD.exceptions

52.A.hiddenB.lostC.relaxedD.deserted

53.A.trappedB.excitedC.confusedD.amused

54.A.varyB.ariseC.spreadD.exist

55.A.hopesB.testsC.interestsD.achievements

3、Thelazybvaulivaualiunsandstudyabiuadyetusaicgonebecauseofllicpaiidvniiu（流行

?。?Many,whobelievetravelisintheirgenes,findit71tobekeptinthesameplacefor

solong.MyfriendJamesisoneofthemandisgrowingboredandupset,72fortheold

travellingdays.Howtopullthroughthedepressingsituation?Therearemanywaystoanswerthe

question,but“being73isnotoneofthem.

Peoplealwayshaveastrong74tobeonthego.However,itshowsourtrueability

whenthatdemandcan'tbe75instantly.Travelisagoodwaytomeetnewpeopleand

76newthings,butwehave77ifwecan'tmakeit.

Wecangooffthe78pathandtravelintheoffseason.Byconnectingwithmunities

andspendingourmoneyinwaysthatsupport79.itwillbeamoremeaningfulwayto

80thedifferencesthatmaketheworldcolorful.

Wccanplanatripinsteadwhilewccan't81bethere.uExpcctationsplaya82

roleinourlife.Andourfuture—rnindednesscanbeasourceof83ifweknowgood

thingsare84Ineveryway,travelisagreatthingto85.“saidMatthew

Killingsworth,aprofessorat(heUniversityofPennsylvania.So86atripisnearlyas

enjoyableasactuallytakingone.Makingplansisitsown87Itmakesusrememberthere

isabig,88worldcutthere.

Manyofus,meinduced,havetakenwhatwehaveforgranted.TomSwick,atravelwriter,

tellsmehe89toviewtravelasaroutine."Now.Ilookforwardtoexperiencingitasa

90___,“sayshe.

71.A.unbearableB.unpredictableC.unreliableD.uncertain

72.A.headingB.petingC.switchingD.longing

73.A.optimisticB.activeC.desperateD.hesitant

74.A.pressureB.sorrowC.fancyD.desire

75.A.reservedB.satisfiedC.explainedD.ignored

76.A.experienceB.recoverC.riskD.provide

77.A.curiosityB.alternativesC.advancesD.regret

78.A.hiddenB.brokenC.beatenD.frozen

79.A.hobbiesB.sheltersC.fictionsD.locals

80.A.refuseB.appreciateC.decreaseD.avoid

81.A.meniallyB.raiciyC.pliysicallyD.merely

82.A.negativeB.mildC.valuelessD.significant

83.A.concernB.chaosC.independenceD.joy

84.A.offthetrackB.inthewayC.around(heerD.tothepoint

85.A.lookforwardtoB.lookdownonC.lookoutforD.lookbackat

86.A.cancelingB.plottingC.adjustingD.denying

87.A.rewardB.tocusC.priceD.form

88.A.frighteningB.rollingC.appealingD.resting

89.A.usedB.hopedC.agreedD.wanted

90.A.serviceB.giftC.trendD.play

3、Oneoftheeasiestthingsintheworldistobeeafaultfinder.However,lifecanbe[

whenyouarcnotbusyfindingfaultwithit.

Severalyearsago12aletterfromseventeenyearoldKerry,whodescribedherselfasa

worldclassfaultfinder,almostalways3bythings.Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthat

annoyedher,and4wasevergoodenough.Shewashighlyselfcriticalandalsofoundfault

withherfriends.Shebecameareally5person.

Unfortunately,ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeher6.Herbestfriendwasseriously

hurtinacarcrash.Whatmadeitalmost1todealwithwasthatthedaybeforethe8,

Kerryhadvisitedherfriendandhadspentthewholetimecriticizingher9ofboyfriends,the

wayshewasliving,thewaysherelated（ohermother,andvariousotherthingsshefeltsheneeded

to10.Itwasn'tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecameIIherhabitof

findingfault.Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthanto12everythingso

harshly（刻?。?Shewasabletotransferhernewwisdomtootherpartsofher13aswell.

Perhapsmostofusaren'tasextremeatfaultfinding,14whenwe'rehonest,wecanbe

sharply15oftheworld.I'mnotsuggestingyou16problems,orthatyoupretend

thingsare17thantheyare,butsimplythatyoulearrtoallowthingstobeastheyare

18mostofthetime,andespeciallywhenit'snotareallybig19.

Trainyourselfto"bileyourtongue”,andwithalittle20,you'llgetreallygoodat

lettingthingsgo.Andwhenyoudo,you'llgetbackyourenthusiasmandlovefbrlife.

1.A.lonelyB.greatC.quietD.uneasy

2.A.receivedB.answeredC.cxpcutcJD.icjccicd

3.A.threatenedB.interruptedC.botheredD.spoiled

4.A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing

5.A.caringB.boringC.interestingD.surprising

6.A.attitudeB.planC.measureD.explanation

7.A.urgentB.unnecessaryC.certainD.impossible

8.A.occasionB.eventC.accidentD.adventure

9.A.memoryB.noticeC.evidenceD.choice

10.A.hearB.contributeC.expressD.admit

11.A.awareofB.afraidofC.curiousaboutD.confusedabout

12.A.discussB.realizeC.judgeD.settle

13.A.familyB.lifeC.careerD.education

14.A.soB.orC.butD.for

15.A.proudB.sureC.hopefulD.critical

16.A.faceB.createC.solveD.ignore

17.A.rarerB.betterC.strangerD.worse

18.A.atleastB.atlastC.byfarD.sofar

19.A.taskB.dealC.resultD.duty

20.A.practiceB.speechC.restD.pity

5^LawmakersinNewJerseyrecentlyadvancedabillthatwouldbanbusinessesfromgoing

cashless—amove(hatwouldputthestateatoddswith(heglobalIrendtowardelectronic

paymentsbutwould[resistancefromlocalofficialswhoseenocashpoliciesasunfair.

Almost1of3Americiinsin2018saytheydon'tusecashduringatypicalweekofpurchases,

accordingtothePewstudyreleasedthisweek.ThefindingsreveallifethatAmericansarebeing

lessreliantonpapercurrency,mirroring2inSweden,IndiaandChina.Butstateandlocal

officialssay(hatrestaurantsandshopsdothatadoptcashlesspolicieshaveleftsomemembersof

themunitybehind—individualswithoutthe3toopenabankaccountorwholackaccess

tolinesofcreditorthemobileappsthatpowerdigitalpayments.

TheNewJerseymeasure,whichwouldapplyonlytofacetofacesalesandwould4

internetandphonepurchases,esasofficialspush5effortstobarnocashrulesinNew

YorkandPhiladclpliia.6cashlesspoliciesofferuuiisumcrsliicpromiseufconvenience

andprovidebusinessesgreaterprotectionagainsttheft,theyalsocanexcludelowincconsumersor

undocumentedimmigrants,criticssay."Cashfreebusinessesarediscriminatorybydesignandpose

7tolowinemuniliesthatmaynothaveaccesstocreditordebit,"NewYorkCouncilmember

ToriessaidonTwitterwhenheintroducedabillthatwouldbanthepractice.

AccordingtothePewstudy,thedeclineintheuseof8currencyisunevenamong

thepopulationwhenrace,ageandineareaccountedfor.Pewfoundasignificant9in

cashlessadoptiontiedtoannualhouseholdine,withadultsmakingatleast$75,000more（han

twiceaslikelytomakealltheirpurchaseswithoutusingcashinatypicalweek,10with

peoplewhomakelessthan$30,000.ThePewfindingssuggestthatthe11ofgoing

cashlessmayewithacostthatonlysomegroupsofpeoplewillbear.Americanswithlowerines

arcroughlyfourtimesaslikelythanhigherearnerstomakealmostalloftheirpurchaseswithcash,

accordingtothestudy.

Ashasbeennoted,businessleadershave12cashlesspoliciesbypointingtohigher

securityand13customerserviceandefficiency.Someadvocateshavefocusedon

providingpeoplewhoareunderservedbythe14bankingsystemwithmoreaffordable

options,attackingtherootcausebehindthe_15_ofcashlesspayments.

1.A.setupB.putupC.backupD.stepup

2.A.depositsB.exchangesC.shiftsD.currencies

3.A.ideasB.meansc.directionsD.outlets

4.A.attractB.excludec.advanceD.include

5.A.oppositeB.associatedc.similarD.collective

6.A.WhileB.Providedc.BecauseD.As

7.A.discountsB.tnipsc.challengesD.risks

8.A.electronicB.physicalc.virtualD.circulating

9.A.similarityB.expensec.gapD.consumption

10.A.linkedB.associatedc.binedD.pared

11.A.outesB.effectsc.benefitsD.disadvantages

12.A.adoptedB.defendedc.developedD.criticized

13.A.hinderedB.acplishedc.improvedD.desired

14.A.liaditiunalB.fadingc.aggicsxivcD.unqualified

15.A.TransformationsB.developmentsc.criticismsD.creations

6^We'veallheardthedangersofhelicopterparenting.Remainingtoo46inakid's

life,especiallythroughoutcollege,canleadtodepression,lackofselfrelianceandfeelingsof

entitlement.

Superficially,thiswisdomissound.Butsomeacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheysee

signsotatroublingbacklash（反沖）.Theconcern:warningsIhatmomsanddadsshould47

“Iheoverparentingtrap“一arediscouragingparentsfromgettinginvolvedatall.

Yes,parentscanbeintrusive.48.thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusingto

stepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.Onemomkept49aboutherson's

signsofdepressionuntilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantto“helicopterin.”

Thatmeanscolleges,whichhavespentthepastdecadelearningto5()parentswho

gettooinvolved,nowhaveadifferent51.Butthesolutiontobothisthesame:devising

waystochannelmomsanddadsinto(herightkindof52role.

Muchofthisbeganbecauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudents53

withtheirparentslikeneverbefore,thankstosmartphones.Andwith54ineducation

soaring,universityleadershavestartedtoviewparentsasinvestmentpartners.Mostofthemhave

paidforthiseducationfortheirchildrenorgoneintodebtforthiseducation.Andinsomesense,

they'reentitledtoknowandbeassuredthatcollegesarc55theirchildren'swelfare.

Crucially,parentoutreachprogramshavealsoservedasbuffers(緩沖)，56

students-orworse,(heirprofessors—thedisforlof(henagging.At(heUniversityofMaryland,

forexample,theparentofficehashandled57forweeklyacademicprogress