2025年考研英語（二）閱讀理解強化訓練試卷及答案考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，回答問題。Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithconsumers,jobsinthissector—rangingfromride-sharingandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign—arecharacterizedbyflexibilityandautonomy.Whileproponentshighlighttheopportunitiesforworkerstosettheirownschedulesandchooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterests,criticsraiseconcernsaboutjobinsecurity,lackofbenefits,andthepotentialforexploitation.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstoworkontheirownterms.Thisisparticularlyappealingtothosewhovaluework-lifebalance,suchasparentsorstudents.Moreover,gigworkoftenservesasagatewaytodiverseexperiencesandskilldevelopment.Workerscansamplevariousindustries,buildaportfolio,andpotentiallytransitiontomorestableemploymentorentrepreneurship.Forbusinesses,gigworkersprovideascalableandcost-effectivelaborsolution,enablingthemtomeetfluctuatingdemandwithouttheoverheadoftraditionalemployees.However,thedownsidesofgigworkareincreasinglyevident.Theabsenceofbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplansleavesworkersvulnerabletofinancialinstability.Thelackofastableincomestreammakesbudgetingandlong-termfinancialplanningchallenging.Furthermore,gigworkersoftenfaceasenseofprecariousness,knowingthattheiremploymentcanbeterminatedwithlittlenoticeorrecourse.Thisvulnerabilitycanexacerbateexistinginequalities,asthosewithoutsavingsoralternativesourcesofincomearemostaffected.Anothersignificantconcernisthepotentialforexploitation.Sincegigworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,theyareoftenexemptfromminimumwagelawsandlaborprotections.Thiscanleadtosituationswhereworkersarepaidbelowlivingwagesfordemandingwork,withlittlerecourseforcomplaintorlegalaction.Thedigitalplatformsthatfacilitategigworkalsotendtohaveconcentratedmarketpower,allowingthemtodictatetermsthatmaynotalwaysbeintheworkers'bestinterest.Despitethesechallenges,thegigeconomyislikelytocontinuegrowing,drivenbytechnologicaladvancementsandchangingworkpreferences.Tomitigatethenegativeimpacts,policymakersareexploringvariousinterventions.Theseincluderedefininggigworkersasemployees,implementingportablebenefitssystems,andcreatingregulatoryframeworksthatprotectworkerswhilemaintainingtheflexibilityofgigwork.Thegoalistoharnessthebenefitsofthegigeconomywithoutsacrificingthewell-beingofthosewhoparticipateinit.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whatarethemainadvantagesofgigwork?3.Whatproblemsdocriticsassociatewiththelackofbenefitsforgigworkers?4.Howdodigitalplatformscontributetothepotentialexploitationofgigworkers?5.Whatmeasuresarementionedaspotentialsolutionstothechallengesofthegigeconomy?6.Theword"transformations"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:7.Thephrase"samplervariousindustries"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas:8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyreasonforthegrowthofthegigeconomy?9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofgigwork?10.Theauthor'stoneindiscussingthegigeconomycanbestbedescribedas:第二部分閱讀理解Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestions.Inrecentyears,theconceptof"mindfulness"hasgainedsignificanttractioninbothacademicandpopulardiscourse.RootedinancientEasternphilosophicaltraditions,particularlyBuddhism,mindfulnessinvolvespayingdeliberateattentiontothepresentmomentwithoutjudgment.Proponentsarguethatcultivatingmindfulnesscanleadtonumerouspsychologicalandphysiologicalbenefits,includingreducedstress,improvedfocus,andenhancedemotionalwell-being.Thescientificbasisformindfulnesspracticeshasbeenthesubjectofextensiveresearch.Studieshaveshownthatregularmindfulnessmeditationcanalterbrainstructuresassociatedwithmemory,attention,andemotionregulation.Forinstance,fMRIscansofindividualswhopracticemindfulnessregularlyhaverevealedincreasedgraymatterdensityinareassuchastheprefrontalcortex,whichislinkedtohigher-ordercognitivefunctions.Theseneurologicalchangescorrelatewithimprovementsinattention,self-control,andresilienceagainststress.Despitethepromisingfindings,incorporatingmindfulnessintodailylifecanbechallengingformany.Thebusypaceofmodernsocietyoftenleaveslittletimeforformalmeditationpractices.Additionally,someindividualsmayfinditdifficulttoquiettheirmindsortoapproachthepresentmomentwithoutjudgment.Forthesereasons,mindfulnessinitiativesinworkplacesandschoolshavefocusedonintegratingbrief,accessiblepracticesintoexistingroutines.Thesemightincludemindfulbreathingexercisesduringbreaks,mindfuleatingpractices,ormindfulwalkingsessions.Theapplicationsofmindfulnessextendbeyondindividualwell-beingtobroadersocietalcontexts.Ineducationalsettings,forexample,mindfulnessprogramshavebeenimplementedtohelpstudentsmanagetestanxiety,improveclassroomfocus,andenhancesocial-emotionallearning.Intheworkplace,mindfulnesstrainingisincreasinglybeingofferedtoemployeestoreduceburnout,improveproductivity,andfosteramorepositiveandcollaborativeenvironment.Theseinitiativessuggestthatmindfulnesshasthepotentialtocontributetoamorecompassionateandresilientsociety.However,theeffectivenessofmindfulnessisnotwithoutitscritics.Someresearchersarguethattheobservedbenefitsmaybeinfluencedbyplaceboeffectsorconfoundingvariablessuchasparticipants'motivationlevels.Otherscontendthatmindfulnesspracticesmaynotbeuniversallyapplicable,potentiallyofferinggreaterbenefitstothosewhoarealreadypsychologicallyhealthy.Despitethesedebates,thegrowingbodyofevidencesupportingthebenefitsofmindfulnesscontinuestoattractinterestfromresearchers,practitioners,andthepublicalike.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatscientificevidencesupportsthebenefitsofmindfulness?13.Whataresomepracticalwaysthatmindfulnessisbeingintegratedintodailylife?14.Howdomindfulnessprogramsbenefiteducationalsettings?15.Whataresomeofthecriticismsraisedregardingtheeffectivenessofmindfulness?16.Theword"traction"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:17.Thephrase"alterbrainstructures"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas:18.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialchallengeforindividualstryingtopracticemindfulness?19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofmindfulnessresearch?20.Theauthor'sperspectiveonthecriticismsofmindfulnesscanbestbedescribedas:---試卷答案1.Thepassageprimarilydiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthegigeconomy,presentingargumentsfrombothproponentsandcritics.2.Proponentshighlighttheflexibilitytosetone'sownscheduleandchooseprojectsalignedwithinterests,alongwithopportunitiesfordiverseexperiencesandskilldevelopment.3.Criticsassociatethelackofbenefitswithjobinsecurity,makingbudgetingandfinancialplanningdifficultandleavingworkersvulnerable.4.Digitalplatformscontributetopotentialexploitationbyallowingthemtodictateterms(likewages)andclassifyworkersasindependentcontractors,exemptingthemfromlaborprotections.5.Potentialsolutionsmentionedincluderedefininggigworkersasemployees,implementingportablebenefitssystems,andcreatingregulatoryframeworks.6."Transformations"referstosignificantchangesorshifts.7."Samplervariousindustries"meansexploringortryingoutdifferentindustries.8.Akeyreasonforthegrowthofthegigeconomyistechnologicaladvancementsandchangingworkpreferences.9.Thepassagesuggeststhatgigworkwilllikelycontinuetogrow,andeffortswillfocusonmitigatingitsnegativeimpacts.10.Theauthor'stonecanbedescribedasobjectiveandbalanced,presentingargumentsfrommultipleperspectives.11.Themainideaisthatmindfulnessinvolvespayingdeliberateattentiontothepresentmomentwithoutjudgmentandhasvariousbenefits.12.Scientificevidenceincludesstudiesshowingthatregularmindfulnessmeditationaltersbrainstructures(e.g.,increasedgraymatterdensityintheprefrontalcortex)andcorrelateswithimprovementsinattention,self-control,andstressresilience.13.Practicalwaysincludebrief,accessiblepracticesintegratedintoroutines,suchasmindfulbreathingexercisesduringbreaks,mindfuleating,ormindfulwalkingsessions.14.Mindfulnessprogramsineducationalsettingsbenefitstud