年春期高中一年級期終質(zhì)量評估英語試題說明：1.本試卷分第I卷(選擇題,滿分95分)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題,滿分55分)兩部分。2.將所有答案均按題號填涂或填寫在答題卡或答題紙相應的答題處,否則不得分。滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘。第I卷(選擇題,共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howmuchdoeseachticketcost?A.10yuan.B.20yuan.C.30yuan.2.Whowillgetthestamp?A.Theman'ssister.B.Thewoman'scousin.C.Thewoman'ssister.3.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenthemancalledher?A.WatchingTV.B.Takingnotes.C.Dryingherhair.4.Whomdidthewomanseeyesterday?A.Jack'suncleB.Jack'sfather.C.Jack'sbrother.5.HowwillthemangotoLondon?A.Byboat.B.Byplane.C.Bycar第二節(jié)(共15小題,每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題,從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有5秒鐘時間閱讀每小題；聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話你將聽兩遍。聽第六段材料,回答第6至7題。6.Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Awaitress.B.Theman'sfriend.C.Theman'swife.7.Whatdoesn'tthemanorder?A.Ahamsandwich.B.Acupoftea.C.Abowloftomatosoup.聽第七段材料,回答第8至9題。8.WhatisPetergoingtodothisyear?A.Giveupsmoking.B.Findagoodjob.C.Joinaphotographclub.9.WheremayJudygotovisitherfriends?A.ToZhengzhou.B.ToChongqing.C.ToKunming.聽第八段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Cloudy.B.Windy.C.Sunny11.Wheredoesthegirlsuggestgoing?A.ToForestPark.B.Tothemuseum.C.Tothezoo12.Howwilltheygetthere?A.OnfootB.Bybus.C.Bybike.聽第九段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhatcanwelearnaboutKate?A.ShehardlywatchesTV.B.SheisinJapannow.C.SheprefersEnglishprograms.14.WhichcanKateunderstandwell?A.AJapanesedrama.B.AJapanesetalkshow.C.AJapanesefilm.15.WhatdoesthemanthinkofwatchingTV?A.Itisrelaxing.B.Itisbad.C.Itishelpful.16.Whataretheymainlytalkingabout?A.Kate'shobby.B.LifeinJapan.C.Watchingtelevision.聽第十段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhenwasJacobborn?A.In1849.B.In1861C.In1870.18.ForwhomwasJacob'slifework?A.ChildrenB.Poorpeople.C.Oldpeople.19.Whatwerethepoorhouseschangedinto?A.Apark.B.Atallbuilding.C.Afarm.20.WhatdidJacobdoin1889?A.Helearnedsomelaws.B.Hesetupacenter.C.Hepublishedhisbook.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIfyouhadanextra$100,howwouldyouuseittobringmorekindnessinyourcommunity?Ifyouhaveacreativeresponsetothatquestion,readourFAQbelowandapplyforourmonthlycontest.Whatisit?Kindness-In-Actionhelpsindividualsputkindnessideaintoaction.Peoplefromallaroundtheworldsubmittheirideasonwhattheywoulddoiftheyhadanextra$100,andKindSpringselectsawinnereverymonth.Howdoesitwork?First,yousubmityouridea,andifitgetsselected,you’llhearfromoneofourvolunteerreviewersaboutsettingupaphoneorSkypecall.Followingthat,we’llmailyouacheck,you’llhaveamonthtoimplement(實施)theideainyourcommunity,andthenshareyourexperienceandphotoswiththeKindSpringcommunity.We’llalsofeatureitinourmonthlynewsletterthatreachesmorethan100thousandpeoplein150countries,sootherscansharetheideaandspreadmorelove!Whatisthecriteriaforselection?Yourpersonalintention,creativeuseofSmile.Cards,potentialrippleeffect(連鎖反應)inthelocalcommunity,andthevotesfromtheKindSpringcommunity(existingmemberscanloginandvoteaswell).Ultimately,wearetryingtoinspiresmall(notbig!)actsofkindness.Howdidyoustart?WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.Inlessthancoupleweeks,morethan50ideasweresubmittedanddozensofpeoplehelpedusevaluatetheideasbyadding“smiles”.OnJuly1st,weannouncedourfirstwinnerandacommitmenttocontinuethisexperiment.Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe:Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy(慈善事業(yè)),andtospreadgoodideas.ClickHeretoApply.Orjoinourcommunityandhelpusselectthenextwinner1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Awinnerisselectedeveryyear.B.OnlypeoplefromAmericacansubmittheirideas.C.Anunexpectedactofkindnesscontributestoitsorigin.D.Theoneselectedneedstousehisorherownmoneytoimplementtheidea.2.What'sthepurposeofKindness-In-Action?A.Tochoosemorewiseconsumers.B.Topromoteinternationalcooperation.C.Toarousepeopletoexpressthemselves.D.Toencourageactsofkindnessandspreadgoodideas.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook B.Aguidebook C.Awebsite D.Areport.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【導語】本文是應用文。文章主要介紹了一個名為“Kindness-In-Action”的活動。該活動鼓勵人們用額外的一百美元在社區(qū)中傳播更多的善意?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howdidyoustart?部分中的“WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.(五月份我們收到了一筆意外的捐款。為了分享這份喜悅，我們在網(wǎng)上社區(qū)發(fā)布了一個小廣告，征求大家的意見。)”可知，一個意想不到的的善舉促成了該活動，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howdidyoustart?部分中的“Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe:Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy(慈善事業(yè)),andtospreadgoodideas.(這個實驗的目的仍然是：激發(fā)當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的創(chuàng)造性善舉，賦予個人實踐慷慨的能力，建立信任驅(qū)動的慈善模式，并傳播好的思想。)”可知，Kindness-In-Action的目的是鼓勵善良的行為，傳播好的思想，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ClickHeretoApply.(點擊這里來申請。)”可知這篇文章可能來自一個網(wǎng)站，故選C。BDuringtheyearsthatpassedfromIwasbornuntilmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)andmyselfmovedawayfromhome,mymotherdidn’thaveajob.Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,shewouldhaveleftthequestion‘Employment’empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-fulltime.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.WhenIlookatthephoto,Iseeawomanwhowouldhavehadanunlimitednumberofopportunitiesinlife.Sheismorethanjustpretty;itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouthconfirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemostintelligentpersonIknow.Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthegreateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidforalivingorwhoshewas,sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene’swife,andRobert’s,Deborah’sandTimothy’smother.Todaythereareprobablymanywomenwhowillseewhatshedidasawasteofmymother’sgoodabilities.Whyshouldanintelligentanddeterminedwomanbecontentwithmakingsoupandsandwiches?Weallgothroughouradultlifewiththeconceptionthatwehaveneverbeenanythingbutfullydevelopedgrown-ups.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletelyassuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomethingtoday.AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.4.WhydidMomleavethequestion“Employment”empty?A.Becauseshecouldn’twrite. B.Becauseshewasafulltimemother.C.Becauseshecouldn’tfindajob. D.Becauseshewasangryatthisquestion.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMom?A.Diligentandstubborn. B.Beautifulandstrict.C.Intelligentandselfless. D.Ambitiousandclever6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theauthorhastwosiblings.B.TheauthorthinkshighlyofMom’sdevotion.C.Beingafulltimemotherisawasteofability.D.Anintelligentwomanshouldn’tbecontentwithcooking.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnOldYellowedPhotographB.TheMemoriesofMyFamilyC.TheImportanceofSiblings’loveD.TheStandardofBeingaGoodMother【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要作者通過一張發(fā)黃的老照片回憶起自己的媽媽為了照顧家人選擇成為一名全職媽媽的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,shewouldhaveleftthequestion‘Employment’empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-fulltime.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.(如果讓她填寫一份關(guān)于個人資料的問卷，她會把“就業(yè)”一欄空著。她認為她的工作就是做我們的母親——全職的。這是她選擇的方式。)”可知，作者的媽媽之所以空著“就業(yè)”這一欄，是因為她覺得自己的工作就是做我們的媽媽，是全職媽媽。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Sheismorethanjustpretty;itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouthconfirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemostintelligentpersonIknow.(她不僅僅是漂亮；很明顯，她既聰明又生動。我知道，如果她下定決心要找份事業(yè)，整個世界都會拜倒在她的腳下。她年輕時的經(jīng)歷證實了這一點。她在全國最好的學校之一考得很好。事實上，她是我認識的最聰明的人。)”可知，作者的媽媽非常聰明；而根據(jù)文章第四段“Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthegreateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidforalivingorwhoshewas,sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene’swife,andRobert’s,Deborah’sandTimothy’smother.(然而，她一直認為自己是家庭主婦和母親。鎮(zhèn)上的每個人都欽佩她為慈善事業(yè)付出的巨大努力，但如果有人問她以什么為生，或者她是誰，她會回答說她是RobertGreene的妻子，也是Robert，Deborah和Timothy母親。)”可知，作者的媽媽非常聰明，然而她卻為了家人選擇成為家庭主婦和全職媽媽。由此可知，作者的媽媽非常無私。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletelyassuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomethingtoday.AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.(但我們每個人都曾是小孩，當我們從學校匆匆趕回家時，我們確信有人在家里等著我們。這在當時和今天都是有意義的。我永遠感激黃照片里的那個女人在等著我。)”可知，作者對于自己媽媽的奉獻高度評價。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.(有一張發(fā)黃的老照片，是我母親和父親在1942年度蜜月時拍的。他們正坐在一家餐館的桌子旁。我認為，在照片中，我的母親看起來很漂亮。那時她23歲。)”以及最后一段“AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.(我永遠感激黃照片里的那個女人在等著我。)”再結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述的是作者通過一張發(fā)黃的老照片回憶起自己聰明、美麗的媽媽為了照顧家人，選擇成為一名全職媽媽。選項A“AnOldYellowedPhotograph(一張發(fā)黃的老照片)”符合文意。故選A。CResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityareproposinganadditionalwhitetrafficlightthatwillactasasigntohumandriversandpassengersthattheyshouldfollowtheleadofself-drivingvehiclesmovingthroughcrossroads.Drivingisfundamentallychanging.Inthefuture,humandriverswillbesharingtheroadwithautonomousvehicles.Thetransition(轉(zhuǎn)變)toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.Thismakesiturgentfortrafficlightswithafourthcolortobecomeareality.ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthenumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold(閾值).Autonomousvehicleswouldbeincommunicationwitheachotherandwiththetrafficlightsatcrossroadswithinacertainrange.Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight:stopifitstops;continueifitcontinues.Insimulationmodels,autonomousvehicleswereshowntoimprovetrafficflowontheirown.Thehigherthepercentageofautonomousvehiclesatacrossroads,thefasterthetrafficmoved.“Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat'sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords,”sayscivilengineerAliHajbabaie.Asanexample,mostrecently,Tesla’sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Drivingalongtheroads.B.Drivingthroughcrossroads.C.Thetransitiontomanyhumandrivers.D.Thetransitiontoautonomousvehicles.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Howdriversreacttothetraffic.B.Howthewhitetrafficlightworks.C.HowBluetoothtechnologychanges.D.Howautonomousvehiclescommunicatewitheachother.10.WhyisthewhitelightusedaccordingtoAliHajbabaie?A.Tocoordinatetraffic. B.Toslowtrafficflow.C.Tostophumandrivers, D.ToControltrafficlights.11.Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardsaddingafourthcolortotrafficlights?A.Indifferent. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Favorable.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.D【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。北卡羅來納州立大學的研究人員正在提議增設一個白色交通燈，用于告知人類駕駛員和乘客應該跟隨自動駕駛汽車通過十字路口?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線單詞上文“Thetransition(轉(zhuǎn)變)toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.(向自動駕駛汽車的過渡正在逐年推進，人類不再是唯一駕駛汽車的人。)”可知，上文講的是向自動駕駛汽車的過度，所以劃線單詞this指代的是“向自動駕駛汽車的過渡”。故選D。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthenumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold(閾值).(白色交通燈將配備無線藍牙技術(shù)，當任何特定時間在道路上行駛的自動駕駛汽車數(shù)量超過一定閾值時，紅綠燈就會亮起。)”和“Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight:stopifitstops;continueifitcontinues.(混合車輛中的任何人類駕駛員都會被通知通過白燈跟隨前方車輛：如果停下來就停下來；如果繼續(xù)前進就繼續(xù)前進。)”可知，第三段主要介紹了白色交通信號燈的工作原理。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中AliHajbabaie所說的話“Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat’sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords(在任何涉及自動駕駛汽車的情況下，白燈可以用來協(xié)調(diào)交通，并告訴人類司機發(fā)生了什么，這樣他們就知道在接近路口時應該做什么)”可知，白色紅綠燈可用來協(xié)調(diào)交通，故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Tesl’sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.(特斯拉有問題的全自動駕駛汽車在一輛汽車撞上一輛消防車后受到批評。因此，潛在的風險使得研究人員建議在未來幾年給交通信號燈增加第四種顏色。)”可知，特斯拉的交通事故使得人們認為有必要在未來幾年為紅綠燈增加第四種顏色，由此可推知，研究人員對安裝第四種紅綠燈的態(tài)度是支持的，故選D。

DJustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe’dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn’ttastesomeorangejuice.“Ipanicked,andrantothebathroomandstartedtryingtosmellmyperfume,buttherewasnothing,”shesaid.Hort’sexperienceisnowquiteacommonstory.Around86percentofpeoplewhohavehadCOVID-19experienceachangeintheirsenseofsmell.Formost,it’sshort-livedbutforoneineveryfive,particularlytheover-40s,thedamagetakesoversixmonthstoresolve.Thisepidemicofsmellloss,aconditionknowninmedicaltermsasanosmia(嗅覺缺失),hasfocusedattentionbackonthesensethatbiologistCharlesDarwinoncedescribedas“ofextremelyslightservicetomankind”.Almost150yearsafterhesaidthat,wenowknowthatDarwinwaswrong—verywrong.“Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseofsmell,”explainssensoryexpertProfessorEugeniRourafromAustralia’sUniversityofQueensland.“That’saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome(基因組)associatedwithjustonesystem.That’shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody.”Sohowdowesmell?Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.Thesesendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan(嗅覺器官),thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmell.Theolfactoryorganmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.It’sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.Eachofushasauniquesenseofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes.Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.12.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Introducingthetopicofthepassage. B.Presentingauniquestatement.C.Providingsomebackgroundinformation. D.DescribingthepainfullifeofJoanne.13.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.CharlesDarwinisaterriblebiologist.B.Senseofsmellisunimportanttoushumans.C.EugeniRouraagreeswithDarwin'sopinionofsenseofsmell.D.Manygenesinthehumanbodyareassociatedwiththesenseofsmell.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discriminate”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Recognize. B.Understand. C.Admire. D.Reflect.15.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?A.Measurestoimprovethesensesystemofourbody.B.Otherfactorsdeterminingthesensitivenessofoursonsoofsmell.C.Therelationshipbetweenouruniquesmellandthegenesinourbody.D.Theolfactoryorgan’shugeinfluenceonourbrainsandnervesofthenose.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導語】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了由新冠期間人們喪失嗅覺引發(fā)的一些討論和研究?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“JustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe’dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn’ttastesomeorangejuice.(2022年9月，喬安妮?霍爾特被診斷出患有冠狀病毒疾病19，僅僅三天后，她就意識到自己因為嘗不到橙汁的味道而失去了嗅覺。)”可知，第一段舉例子說明患有新冠的人們會失去嗅覺，接著文章介紹了失去嗅覺的一些研究。由此可推知，第一段引出了文章的主題，故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseofsmell(研究人員在人體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了600多個與嗅覺相關(guān)的基因)”和“That’saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome(基因組)associatedwithjustonesystem.That’shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody.(這大約占整個基因組的3%，只與一個系統(tǒng)相關(guān)。這是巨大的，表明嗅覺實際上對人體極其重要)”可知，作者可能會同意，人體內(nèi)的許多基因與嗅覺有關(guān)這一說法，故選D?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.Thesesendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan(嗅覺器官),thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmell.Theolfactoryorganmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.(當空氣中的氣味分子撞擊鼻子內(nèi)壁的神經(jīng)時就會發(fā)生這種情況。它們向嗅覺器官發(fā)送信號，嗅覺器官是大腦解釋氣味的部分。嗅覺器官約占人類大腦的百分之五。)”可知，此處解釋了我們會區(qū)分不同味道的過程，即空氣中的氣味分子撞擊鼻子內(nèi)壁的神經(jīng)，向嗅覺器官發(fā)送信號，大腦就會解釋不同的氣味，結(jié)合劃線單詞所在句子“It’sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.(據(jù)估計，它可以discriminate一百萬種不同的氣味，如各種香料，酸味，甜味等。)”可知，此處承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹大腦能區(qū)分不同的氣味，所以此處指出我們能區(qū)分一百萬種不同的氣味，由此可推知，劃線單詞discriminate意為“區(qū)分”，與A項“Recognize.(識別，區(qū)分)”意思一樣，故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.(其他因素進一步?jīng)Q定了你的嗅覺有多敏感。)”可推知，文章接下來會討論決定我們氣味兒有多靈敏的其他因素。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipsforFirst-TimeCampersNatureprovidesforusinavarietyofways,whetherwerecognizethesegiftsornot.Butnatureisn’tjustthereforustoexplore.____16____BePrepared:WhattoTakeCampingWhilethesaying“alwaysbeprepared”isanobleenoughguidelineforactivitieslikehikingandcamping,sometimes,lessismore.Butdependingontheareawhereyou’restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,____17____.Havingasimplerepairkitandafirst-aidkitmaysaveyoufromminorheadachesandinjuries,aswilldoingyourhomeworkwhenplanningwheretogoandwhattotakecamping.Ifyou’rehiking,besuretobringplentyofcleanwateralong,aswellasnutritiousfoodstokeepyougoing.Forcoffee,cheapinstantcoffeepacketscanlessenthemess.Youmayalsobeabletouserunningwaterorriverstonestokeepitemscoolerlonger(orsimplyuseathermos).DoYourResearchBecomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat’sgoodforwhittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodisgoodforkeepingthemgoing.____18____.Youcanusepineneedlesinteaorrubthemonyourskinifyou’retryingtobestealthywhilehuntingdeer.Ifyouspotelmtreesnearacreekorriver,youmaybeabletofindthefamousmorelmushroomnearby—justmakesureyoucanpositivelyidentifythemushroomorarewithsomeonewhocan!____19____.Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeeptheareaclean.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmaywanttoinvestinametaldetectororaboatforabitofadditionalfun.Youcanalsopurchaseafishinglicense,whichhelpskeepareascleanandlakesandriversstockedwithfish.____20____Idon’tliketohuntorparty;Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthewater.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilistenforthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.I’veseencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!Ilovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsofexperiencesIwouldn’ttradeforanythingintheworld.A.GohuntingB.EnjoyNatureC.youmayhavetofinishyourhomeworkD.andonesmallholeinyourtentcanleaveyouasleeplessmessE.Whereveryoulive,thereareplentyoffreeareasyoucanvisitF.Othertreesmayprovidenutsandfruits,suchaspecans,mulberries,andpersimmonsG.Byfollowingthesetipsforfirst-timecampers,anyonecanengagewithnatureinamoregratefulway【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.E20.B【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。作者給首次露營的人提供了一些建議?！?6題詳解】上文“Butnatureisn’tjustthereforustoexplore.(但是大自然不僅僅是供我們可以探索的。)”指出探索大自然的話題，下文“BePrepared:WhattoTakeCamping(做好準備：露營要做什么)”，“DoYourResearch(做你的調(diào)查)”提出了探索自然的一些建議，G項“通過遵循這些初次露營者的建議，任何人都可以以一種更加感激的方式與大自然交流”承接上文探索大自然的話題，引出后文給出的建議，故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“Butdependingontheareawhereyou’restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,(但是取決于你住的地方，天氣可能是不可預測的，)”指出露營時可能遇到的意外，即天氣不可測，空處應該與“露營時可能遇到的意外”話題有關(guān)，D項“帳篷上的一個小洞可能會讓你失眠”符合，指出天氣不可測試，帳篷上的一個小洞會讓人徹夜難眠，下文“Havingasimplerepairkit(有一個簡單的修理包)”也是提示，說明有東西需要修理，故選D?！?8題詳解】上文“Becomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat’sgoodforwhittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodisgoodforkeepingthemgoing.(熟悉不同的樹木和它們所提供的東西。有些樹木提供的木材可以用來削木頭，制作手杖和拐杖。有些木頭可以用來生火，而有些木頭可以用來燒火。)”指出我們要熟悉不同的樹木的作用，此處列舉了不同樹木的作用，空處也應承接上文，列舉不同的樹木的不同作用，F(xiàn)項“其他樹木可以提供堅果和水果，如山核桃，桑樹和柿子”符合，上文提到的兩個“Some”和選項中“Othertrees”相呼應，故選F?！?9題詳解】下文“Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeeptheareaclean(有些地方收取一點停車費或露營費，或者他們需要收取保護費來保持這個地方清潔。)”指出一些地方的收費情況，空處也應介紹一些地方的收費情況，E項“無論你住在哪里，都有很多免費的地方可以去參觀?！狈?，故選E。【20題詳解】此處是本段小標題，根據(jù)下文“Idon’tliketohuntorparty;Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthewater.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilistenforthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.I’veseencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!Ilovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsofexperiencesIwouldn’ttradeforanythingintheworld.(我不喜歡打獵或參加聚會，我只喜歡在黎明時分坐在沙洲上，看著水面上升起的薄霧。我看到和聽到各種各樣的野生動物，如鹿、貓頭鷹、蝙蝠、鳥、松鼠和海貍。我聽到海貍在晚上用它們寬而扁的尾巴濺起水花。我晚上也能聽到土狼的嚎叫。我見過水腹蛇，甚至黑豹的足跡！我喜歡那種寧靜和小小的刺激，那種我不會用任何東西來交換的體驗。)”可知，本段主要介紹要享受自然，B項“享受自然”能概括本段內(nèi)容，故選B。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)Lifeisfullofupsanddowns,youmustunderstandthatyouwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokaywhenthathappens.Frombeingakidtotransitioningintoa(an)____21____,youwillfailatmanythingsinlifebutthatwillonlytellyouaboutyourself.Youwillgettolearnaboutyourtrue____22____,thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouare____23____.Wemustlearntoembracetheprocessratherthanrunfromit,onlythenwillwebeableto____24____ourgoalsinlife.Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyself,andhowIfaced____25____inlife.Inmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsome____26____,Iusedtogetreallybadgrades.SometimesIwouldgetanFandthatwouldmakemereally____27____,Iusedtothink:“WhatwillIshowmyparents?”.SowhatIusedtodowascoverthosegradesup.IwouldturntheFintoaBjustto____28____myparents.Atthebeginning,everythingwentsmoothly,but____29____,Iwascaughtdoingthat.Ilearnedalotafterthat,IknewthatIhadto,_____30_____thatfailureandlearnfromit,andsomething_____31_____actuallycamefromit.Istarteddoingbetterwithmygrades,thatFturnedintoaBnaturally,andthat.BturnedintoanA.Wheneveryoufaceafailure,neverthinkthatyouarenevergoingto_____32_____fromthis,youmustthinkofwaysto_____33_____yourself.DidyouknowthatittookThomasEdison10,000_____34_____toperfectthelightbulb?BillGatesfailedmanytimes,evenhisfirstcompanywasacompletewreck.Allofthisisproofthatwemustlearnfromourfailures,not_____35_____them!21.A.figure B.adult C.clown D.conductor22.A.strengths B.components C.figures D.symbols23.A.accessibleto B.worthyof C.badat D.ashamedof24.A.achieve B.perform C.adapt D.flow25.A.comedies B.fortunes C.elements D.failures26.A.images B.identities C.subjects D.accounts27.A.excited B.scared C.committed D.emotional28.A.inform B.please C.win D.love29.A.exactly B.briefly C.obviously D.eventually30.A.accept B.charge C.select D.trick31.A.terrible B.objective C.wonderful D.classical32.A.show B.defend C.recover D.disappoint33.A.cause B.approve C.delay D.better34.A.talents B.contests C.expressions D.attempts35.A.runfrom B.jumpat C.screamat D.leavefor【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.C27.B28.B29.D30.A31.C32.C33.D34.D35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者通過自身的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，人生中總有起起伏伏，當遇到失敗時，我們應該勇于面對而不是逃避?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從一個孩子過渡到一個成年人，你會在生活中的許多事情上失敗，但這只會讓你了解自己。A.figure數(shù)字、人物；B.adult成年人；C.clown小丑；D.conductor售票員。根據(jù)空前的“Frombeingakidtotransitioninginto”可知，空處為“成年人”，指的是從孩子過渡到成年人。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你會了解到你真正的優(yōu)勢，你擅長什么，不擅長什么。A.strengths優(yōu)勢；B.components成分；C.figures數(shù)字，人物；D.symbols符號、象征、標志。根據(jù)下文“thethingsyouaregoodat”可知，生活中的失敗會讓你明白自己的優(yōu)勢所在。故選A。【23題詳解】考查短語詞義辨析。句意：你會了解到你真正的優(yōu)勢，你擅長什么，不擅長什么。A.accessibleto可得到的；B.worthyof值得；C.badat不善于；D.ashamedof對……感到羞愧。根據(jù)上文“youwillfailatmanythingsinlifebutthatwillonlytell