考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷14（共9

套）

（共190題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題1.0

分,共25分。）

FortyyearsagoSingapore,nowhometotheworld'sbusiestport,wasaforlornoutpost

stillgarrisonedbytheBritish.In1961SouthKoreawaslessindustrializedthantheNorth

anddependentonAmericanaid.Thesecountries,andmanyoftheirneighbours,have

sincetradedtheirwayoutofpoverty.Giventheirsuccess,itiseasytoforgetthatsome

developmenteconomistswereoncepreyto"exportfatalism".Poorcountries,they

believed,hadlittletogainfromventuringintotheworldmarket.Iftheytriedtoexpand

theirexports,theywouldthwarteachother,drivingdownthepriceoftheircommodities.

Thefinancialcrisisofthepastninemonthsisstirringanewexportfatalismintheminds

ofsomeeconomists.Evenaftertheglobaleconomyrecovers,developingcountriesmay

findithardertopursueapolicyof"export-ledgrowth",whichservedcountrieslike

SouthKoreasowell.Underthisstrategy,sometimescalled"exportfetishism",countries

spursalesabroad,oftenbykeepingtheircurrenciescheap.Somesavetheproceedsin

foreign-currencyreserves,ratherthanspendingthemonimports.Thisstrategyisone

reasonwhythedevelopingworld'scurrent-accountsurplusexceeded$700billionin

2008,asmeasuredbytheIMF.Inthepast,thesesurpluseswereoffsetbyAmerican

deficits.ButAmericamaynowrethinkthebargain.Thisimbalance,wherebyforeigners

selltheirgoodstoAmericainexchangeforitsassets,wasonepotentialcauseofthe

country'sfinancialcrisis.Ifthisglobalbargaindoescomeunstuck,howshould

developingcountriesrespond?Inanewpaper,DaniRodrikofHarvardUniversityoffers

anovelsuggestion.Hearguesthatdevelopingcountriesshouldcontinuetopromote

exportables,butnolongerpromoteexports.What'sthedifference?Anexportableisa

goodthatcouldbetradedacrossborders,butneednotbe.MrRodrik'srecommended

policieswouldhelpcountriesmakemoreoftheseexportables,withoutsellingquiteso

manyabroad.Countriesgrowbyshiftinglabourandinvestmentfromtraditional

activities,whereproductivityisstagnant,tonewindustries,whichaboundineconomies

ofscaleoropportunitiestoassimilatebettertechniques.Thesenewindustriesusually

makeexportablegoods,suchascottontextilesortoys.Butwhateverthefetishists

believe,thereisnothingspecialabouttheactofexportingitself,Mr.Rodrikargues.For

example,companiesdonotneedtoventureabroadtofeelthebracingstingof

internationalcompetition.Iftheirproductscanbetradedacrossborders,thenforeign

rivalscancompetewiththemathome.Ascountriesindustrializeanddiversify,their

exportsgrow,whichsometimesresultsinatradesurplus.Thesethreethingstendtogo

together.Butinastatistical"horserace"betweenthethree—industrialization,exports

andexportsminusimports-Mr.Rodrikfindsthatitisthegrowthoftradable,industrial

goods,asashareofGDP.thatdoesmostofthework.

1、Accordingtothepassage,somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheideathat

foreignaidisthekeyfactortopoorcountries,economy.

B、worldmarketisnotfittothepoorcountries.

C、poorcountries'goodscansellagoodpricethroughworldmarket.

D^SingaporeandSouthKorea'ssuccesshasprovedtheirideas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheidea

定位至第一段。由該段倒數(shù)第二句可知，這些發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家堅(jiān)持的“出口宿命論”認(rèn)

為：進(jìn)入世界市場(chǎng)后，貧窮的國(guó)家很難有所得，［B］與之相符，故為正確答案。第

一段第二句雖然提及韓國(guó)依賴美國(guó)的援助，但是并不能說(shuō)明國(guó)外援助是貧窮國(guó)家經(jīng)

濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素，故排除［A］；這些發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為擴(kuò)大進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易會(huì)壓低商

品價(jià)格，故排除IC］；由第一段第三、四句可知，新加坡和韓國(guó)的成功是這些經(jīng)濟(jì)

學(xué)家理論的反例，故排除［D］。

2、Duetothefinancialcrisis,developingcountries

A、foundexportfatalismmorefittothem.

B、arehavingproblemsinexport.

C>begantokeeptheircurrenciesexpensive.

D、becamethecertaincauseofAmerica'sfinancialcrisis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Ihefinancialcrisis和developing

coumries定位至第二段開頭。該段提及“發(fā)展中國(guó)家也許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，繼續(xù)實(shí)行出口帶

動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的模式變得困難了”，意味著發(fā)展中國(guó)家在出口上出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，［B］與之

相符，故為正確答案。由該段第二句可知，出口宿命論由一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提及，并對(duì)

發(fā)展中國(guó)家的出口帶來(lái)了麻煩，并不是說(shuō)發(fā)展中國(guó)家認(rèn)為出口宿命論是適合自己

的，故排除［A］；由該段第三句“讓本國(guó)貨幣匯率保守在低水平上"排除［C］；該段末

句只是提及發(fā)展中國(guó)家成為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的一個(gè)“潛在原因"，［D］的說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕

對(duì)，故排除。

3、ItcanbeinferredfromDaniRodrik'snewsuggestionthatdevelopingcountries

should

A、promotetheirtradeacrossborders.

B、stimulatetheirdomesticneeds.

C^improvetheirproductionofexportablegoods.

D^advancetheirsellingabroad.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞DaniRodrik'snewsuggestion和

developingcountries定位至第三段。該段提到，丹尼?羅德里克認(rèn)為發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)

繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)“可出口商品"，IC］與之相符，故為正確答案。由該段第三句“無(wú)需繼

續(xù)鼓勵(lì)出口”排除［A］；該段末句只是提及鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)“可出口商品”，但并未明確提及

刺激國(guó)內(nèi)需求和境外銷售，故排除［B］和［D］。

4、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat

A、cottontextilesandtoysarelessexportablegoods.

B、traditionalactivitiesarcfullofeconomiesofscale.

C、traditionalindustriesusuallymakeexportablegoods.

D、newindustrieshavemorechancestoacceptbettertechniques.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段。該段第一句提及新興產(chǎn)業(yè)

擁有更多技術(shù)改進(jìn)的機(jī)會(huì)，［D］與之相符，故為正確答案。由該段第二句可知，棉

紡織品和玩具為可出口商品，故排除［A］；該段首句指的是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)容易形成規(guī)模

經(jīng)濟(jì)，而傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)很不景氣，故排除［B|；由該段第二句可知，新興產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)常生產(chǎn)

如棉紡織品或玩具等出口商品，故排除［0。

5、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"astatisticalhorserace"mostprobablymeans

A、acomparisoninstatistics.

B、ahorsecompetition.

C、anindexofsportsindustry.

D、araceofmathematics.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)

horserace的理解。由原文可推知，此處并非指真正的賽馬，而是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)方面

的.由此可以引申為“比賽即數(shù)據(jù)比賽或?qū)Ρ?［A］與之相符.故為正確答案.

［B］“賽馬比賽”、［C］“體育產(chǎn)業(yè)指數(shù)”和［D］“數(shù)學(xué)比賽”都與原文中上下文的含義不

符，故均排除。

InafamousepisodeoftheTVshowSeinfeld,a"closetalker"makesothers

uncomfortablebystandingmerecentimetersfromtheirfaceswhilespeaking.What

makesthisinvasionofourpersonalspacesouncomfortable?Anewstudyfingersthe

amygdala,aregionofthebrainthatactslikeawarningbellwhensomeonegetstooclose

forcomfort.Psychologistshavestudiedpersonalspacesincethe1960s.They'vefound

thatAmericansandnorthernEuropeanspreferalargerpersonalspacethansouthern

Europeans,forexample,whereaspeoplewithautism(atendencytoviewlifeintermsof

one'sownneedsanddesires)tendtounknowinglyinvadeothers'personalspace.Studies

inmonkeyshavehintedthattheamygdala,analmond-shapedregioninthemiddleofthe

brainthathelpsusrecognizethreats,playsaroleinpersonalspace.Butthetheoryproved

hardtotestinhumans.Then,about15yearsago,neuroscientistsattheCalifornia

InstituteofTechnologyinPasadenameta42-year-oldwomanwithararegenetic

disorderthatdestroyedbothsidesofheramygdala.Inearlyexperiments,thescientists

discoveredthatthewoman,referredtoasSM,couldn'tspotfearinotherpeople'sfaces;

shealsoratedpeopleasmoretrustworthythananaveragepersondid.Andshewas

extremelyoutgoing,"almosttothepointwhereitisn'tnormal/saysteammemberDaniel

Kennedy.Evenifshe'sonlyjustmetsomeone,hesays,SMwillinvadetheirpersonal

space—touchingtheirarmasshetalksorpokingtheirstomach.Inthenewstudy,

KennedyandhiscolleaguesmorerigorouslytestedSM'ssenseofpersonalspace.They

comparedherwith20healthysubjectsinaseriesofexperiments.Inonetest,an

experimenterslowlywalkedtowardasubjectuntilthesubjectfeltuncomfortableandtold

theexperimentertostop.SMletexperimentersgetabouttwiceascloseasothersubjects

did,0.34metersversus0.64meters,theteamreportsonlinethisweekinNature

Neuroscience.Sheevenfeltfinestandingnosetonosewithanexperimenter.Further

experimentsrevealedwhy.Kennedyandhiscolleaguesplacedeighthealthysubjects,one

atatime,insideafunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingscanner,whichmeasuresbrain

activity.Thenanexperimenterstoodeitherabout4.5metersawayfromthemachineor

rightnexttothemachine'sopening.Thesubjects'amygdalaslitupwithsignificantly

moreactivitywhenthestrangerstoodcloseby."Ourfindingssupporttheideathatthe

amygdalafunctionsasthebrakesinsocialinteractions,"Kennedysays."Ifyoutakeaway

theamygdala,itseemslikeyouarelesstunedto...social(behaviors)thatcancause

discomfort."Thestudyis"anovelpieceofresearch"thatisthefirsttoidentifya

neural(ofanerveorthenervoussystem)sourceofpersonalspaceinpeople,saysRichard

Davidson,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison."Itsalsopartofa

growingseriesofstudiesthatunderscoretheimportanceoftheamygdalainhumansocial

interactions,"hesays.

6、Accordingtothepassage,studiesinmonkeys

A、weremadebysomepsychologists.

B、hintedthattheamygdalaplaysaroleinpersonalspace.

C、showedthatAmericanstendtoinvadeothers,personalspaceunknowingly.

D、showedthatAmericanspreferalargerpersonalspacethannorthernEuropeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞studiesinmonkeys定位至第二段。該段

倒數(shù)第二句提到“對(duì)猴子的研究表明，扁桃腺在個(gè)人空間中起著作用?！保跙］與之相

符，故為正確答案。第二段首句只是提及“心理學(xué)家從19世紀(jì)60年代開始研究個(gè)

人空間”，但是并未說(shuō)明下文對(duì)猴子的研究是心理學(xué)家做的，故排除［A］：由第二段

末句可知，［C］和［D］都屬于對(duì)心理學(xué)家所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)的推測(cè)，與題干提到的studiesin

monkeys不相符，故均排除。

7、The42-year-oldwomanmentionedinthethirdparagraph

A^ismoretrustworthythanotherpeople.

B、doesn*tlikestaynearothers.

C^isnotsharponpersonalspace.

D^isabnormalinmind.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段。該段對(duì)該女性的基本狀況

進(jìn)行了介紹，由她不能夠從其他人的臉色中辨識(shí)出恐懼，即使她只是與人初識(shí)，

SM也會(huì)侵犯他們的個(gè)人空間等可以推知，她在個(gè)人空間方面不是很敏感。［0與之

相符，故為正確答案。該段第二句說(shuō)的是她對(duì)別人抱有更多的信賴，而非她比別人

更可信，故排除［A］；由該段末句可知，她喜歡與人靠近甚至發(fā)生身體接觸，故排

除［B］；該段首句只是提及她扁桃腺的兩側(cè)失去功能，并非精神不正常，故排除

ID］。

8、WecanlearnfromthenewstudymadebyKennedyandhiscolleaguesthatSM

A、hasnodittcrcncetotheothers.

B、canafforda0.34meterspersonaldistance.

C、feelsuncomfortablewiththe20healthypeople.

D、preferstostandingnosetonosewiththeothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞thenewstudymadebyKennedyandhis

colleagues定位至第四段。該段第四句提及SM可接受的接近距離比其他受試者大

約少一半，分別是o.34米和0.64米，由此推知，她可以接受O.34米的人際

距離，［B］與之相符，故為正確答案。［A］"SM與其他人沒(méi)有差異”與該段第二句相

悖，故排除；該段第二句只是提及把她與20位健康的參試者進(jìn)行了一系列試驗(yàn)對(duì)

比，并未提及她和他們?cè)谝黄鸩皇娣?，故排除［C］；該段末句只是說(shuō)她覺得站立時(shí)

鼻子貼鼻子的距離也可以接受，并不意味著她偏愛這樣站立，故排除［D］。

9、Itcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthat

A、SMhasnobrainactivity.

B、Kennedyadvisespeopletotakeawaytheiramygdala.

CNpeoplewithoutamygdalatendtohavemorediscomfort.

D、personalspaceinfluenceshealthysubjects,brainactivities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干提示定位至第五段。該段測(cè)量受試者的腦部活

動(dòng)，當(dāng)陌生人靠近時(shí)，受試者的扁桃腺因顯著地更多活動(dòng)而發(fā)紅，表明他們的腦部

活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了變化。由此毒斷人際距離可能影響腦部活動(dòng)，［D］與之相符，故為正確

答案。［A］的說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，該第四句只是表明SM腦部活動(dòng)與其他人的不同，故

排除；原文中Kennedy只是對(duì)摘除扁桃腺這個(gè)假設(shè)做了推測(cè)，并沒(méi)有建議大家摘

除，故排除［B］；由第五段末句可知，摘除扁桃腺會(huì)降低對(duì)不適行為的敏感度，即

對(duì)其容忍度更高，IC］與之相反，故排除。

10、Theword"novel"(Line1,Para.6)mostprobablymeans

A、believable.

B、false.

C、original.

D、common.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第六段。由定位句下文“這是第一

次驗(yàn)證人們個(gè)人空間的神經(jīng)原由”中的“第一次”可推知，該研究應(yīng)該是新穎的，因

此［C］“初始的，首創(chuàng)的”與之相符，故為正確答案。原文此處不涉及其可信度，故

排除［A］“可信的"；由原文可知，這是一次正確、重要的研究，故排除［B］；由原文

提及的初創(chuàng)性和下文提及的重要性可以排除［D］“普通的”。

Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedby

Machiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye*snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanofthe

KennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNational

IntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedon

persuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercionandforce.

Havinganalysedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhisprevious

books,hehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,

inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"one

oughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itis

muchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.But

modernleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextof

leadershipischanging,theyobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpoweris

becomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasingly

diffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermore

important.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion,

Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.Theconclusionof

ThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhard

andsoftpower,whichhecalls"smartpower",isthebestapproach.Thedominant

theoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the"neochar-ismaticand

transformationalleadershipparadigm".Anyoneallergictomanagementjargonwill

alreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr.Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinrounding

upandsummarisingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingle,

slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadership

andhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.There

arcplentyofanecdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicaland

corporate.Alas,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andasherehearsestheprosandconsof

varioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsihejellylo【hewall.Heisathismost

interestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadership—inparticular,thequestionof

whetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie—andheprovidesahelpful12-

pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,

differentsortsofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmay

struggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthat

leadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.

11>Accordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs,Mr.Nye

A、isnowihedeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentaiHarvard.

B、believesthatitismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.

C、arguesthatcoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.

D、concludesthat"smartpower"isthebestchoiceforleaders.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段提到奈伊是前任院長(zhǎng)，而［A］中用了now一詞，

與原文不符；［B］出現(xiàn)在第二段，是奈伊引用了馬基雅維利的結(jié)論，而不是奈伊自

己的看法，也可以排除；［C］出現(xiàn)在文中第三段，文中說(shuō)這并不意味著強(qiáng)權(quán)威逼應(yīng)

該讓位于說(shuō)服力，與之相反，他主張將這兩種觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，由此可知［C］不準(zhǔn)

確；由第三段最后一句可知［D］是正確答案。

12>WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatMr.Nye

A、establishesthedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.

B、doesnotlikethedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.

C、summarizesdifferentapproachestoleadership.

D、believesitisnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。文中并未提到是奈伊建立了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主流理論模

型，故排除IA］；文中也并未提到奈伊對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主流理論模型的喜好，故排除

［B］：由第四段第二句可知［C］正確：最后一段提到優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在某些時(shí)候是否也

有必要說(shuō)謊的問(wèn)題上奈伊體現(xiàn)出了他的風(fēng)趣幽默，但是未提及奈伊在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的

看法，故排除|D］。

13,Thesentence"Mr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall."(Line2,Para.5)most

probablymeans

A、Mr.Nyedoesn,tlikethejelly.

B、Mr.Nyeisexcitedtofinishhisnewbook.

C、Mr.Nycbelievesthereissomethingwrongwithhiswall.

D、Mr.Nyedoesnotmakeaconclusion.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第五段。在對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力

理論家的看法進(jìn)行了大致的介紹之后，本文作者感嘆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的確是一個(gè)難以把握的

主題，因?yàn)榭偸怯懈鞣N理論不斷出現(xiàn)，而這些理論都有著各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，因

此，即使是奈伊也難以作結(jié)論。［A］和［C］停留在表面，與文章實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，

可以排除，而［B］與前后文無(wú)法銜接；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，互選出答案［D］。

14、Accordingtothepassage,Machiavelli

A、istheauthorofthebookThePowerstoLead.

B>promotestheideaof'softpower".

C^believeshardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.

D^isoneofthemostimportantmodernleadershiptheorists.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段提到，馬基雅維利認(rèn)為硬實(shí)力比軟實(shí)力更為安

全，即更為可取，故［C］是正確答案。第三段中明確提到了奈伊才是ThcPoweisto

Lead一書的作者，從而排除［A］；據(jù)第一段第二句可以判斷提出“軟實(shí)力”這一概念

的同樣是奈伊，從而排除［B］；第二段最后說(shuō)到現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論家卻并不同意馬

基雅維利的這一觀點(diǎn)，可見馬基雅維利不是現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論家，從而排除［叫。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A、JosephNyeandMachiavelli

B、SecretsofLeadership

C、SoftPowerandHardPower

D、WhatIsSmartPower?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了奈伊在其新作中對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力問(wèn)題的探討。

馬基雅維利并非文章主要內(nèi)容，只是為了與奈伊的某些觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故排除

［A］；［B］準(zhǔn)確概括了文章主題，為正確答案。第二段第一-句提到奈伊先生在其之前

的著作中曾分析過(guò)利用“軟實(shí)力''和"硬實(shí)力''在政治和外交中的應(yīng)用，并非其書的主

旨，也并非本文的主旨，故排除［C］；本文最核心的問(wèn)題是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的問(wèn)題，并非智

能實(shí)力，智能實(shí)力只反映了文章的一個(gè)部分，而不能從整體上對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概

括，故［D］不準(zhǔn)確。

In2007aFrenchfoodcompanywantedtobuyafamily-ownedfirminIndia.The

patriarchwas72,andtheFrenchfirmwantedtosendsomeoneofsimilarexperienceto

talktohim.Butbecauseofitsyouthfulcorporateculture—mostpeoplearepushedoutof

thedoorintheirmid-40s-ithadnoonetosend.Intheend,throughExperconnect,an

employmentagencyinPariswhichplacesretiredpeople,itfounda58-ycar-oldformer

headofaEuropeanconsumer-goodsfirm,andsenthimouttoMumbai.Francehasapoor

recordwhenitcomestokeepingolderpeopleintheworkforce.Theretirementageis60,

not65asinmostdevelopedcountries.In2005only37.8%ofpeopleaged55-64had

jobs,versus56.8%inBritainand44.9%inGermany.Themainreasonisthatinthe

1980s,whentherewashighunemployment,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement.

Thatentrenchedtheideathatolderworkerswerelessproductive,saysCarolineYoung,

Experconnect'sfounder.Nowcompaniesareworriedaboutlosingtheirmostskilled

workers,especiallyasthebaby-boomgenerationnearsretirement.Areva,anuclear-

powergroup,recentlylaunchedaschemetoaddresstheneedsofolderemployees,and

planstouseabout100retiredpeopleayearthroughExperconnect.Becausenuclear

powerwasunpopularfordecades,Arevastoppedtrainingengineers,sothatmuchofits

expertiselieswithitsoldeststaff.Nowitistakingmuchmoreinterestinthem."Wehave

tobringaboutarevolutioninopinion/'saysJeanCassingena,itshuman-resources

strategist.Unlikeotherrecruitmentagencies,Experconnectkeepsitsworkersonitsown

books,sotheycancarryondrawingtheirpensions.Theytendtoworkpart-timeonone-

offprojects.Engineersandpeoplewithhighlevelsoftechnicalskillaremostindemand

inFrance,saysMsYoung,asyoungerpeopleincreasinglychoosetogointofieldssuch

asmarketing.Thales,adefenceandaerospacefirm,isusingaformerradarexpert,for

instance,andLouisBergerFrance,anengineeringfirm,oftenusesretiredengineersto

managebiginfrastructureprojects.SofterindustriesalsomakeuseofExperconnect.

Danone,afoodfirm,hirespeopleforone-offmanagementroles."Olderpeoplehaveseen

itallandtheyarclevel-headed,'1saysThomasKunz,itsheadofbeverages.Thebeauty

industryisshortoftoxicologiststodeterminewhethernewlotionsaresafe,andonefirm

hasjusttakenona75-year-old.TwofamousFrenchluxury-goodscompaniesplantouse

retiredworkersintheirhandbagdivisions.Onewantstosafeguarditsknowledgeoffine

leathersandsewing;theotherwantstoapplyexpertisefromtheaerospaceindustryto

makenewkindsofmaterialsforhandbags.Despiteanimpressivehandfulofhigh-profile

clients,ExpcrconnccthasfounditdifficulttoconvinceFrenchcompaniesthatolder

workerscanbevaluable.Ithas2,700retiredpeopleonitsbooks,andhassofarplaced

just50ofthemon"missions**.Oldprejudices,astheysay,diehard.

16>Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanknowthat

A、theIndiafirmhasbeenfoundedfor72years.

B、mostFrenchworkersretireintheirmid-forlies.

C、theFrenchfirmfinallyfoundsomeonesuitabletotalktothepatriarch.

D、noFrenchworkerswantedtogotoIndia.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析?：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段主要列舉了一個(gè)事例，用以引出文章主題。

第一段中提到Thepatria「chwas72,指的是企業(yè)的倉(cāng)J始人已經(jīng)72歲高齡，并非該家

族企業(yè)已成立72周年，因此排除［A］；文中說(shuō)大多數(shù)人在45歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)被擠出

公司，并非退休，而且下文中也明確指出了法國(guó)的退休年齡為60歲，故排除［B］；

該法國(guó)公司最終通過(guò)一家中介機(jī)構(gòu)找到了合適的人選，故［C］為正確答案；文中并

未提及員工是否愿意前往印度，故排除［D］。

17>"Inthe1980s,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement"iscitedinParagraph2as

anexampleto

A、showwhyolderworkerswerelessproductive.

B、illustratethepoorconditionofkeepingtheoldpeopleinworkforceinFrance.

C、comparetheconditionofoldpeoplebetweenFranceandtheotherdeveloped

countries.

D、assessthepolicyofFrancegovernmentatthattime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示可以迅速定位到第二段。文中提到了20

世紀(jì)80年代法國(guó)政府出臺(tái)的讓老年人提早退休的政策，以應(yīng)付經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，雖然是

這個(gè)政策使得老齡化意味著生產(chǎn)力低下，但作者并不同意這一觀點(diǎn)，作者引用這個(gè)

例子是為了說(shuō)明老年人在法國(guó)的地位，故答案為［B］。

18、What'sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthepassage?

A^ItishardforFrenchfirmstobelievethevalueofolderworkers.

B>Itishardforolderworkerstobelievetheirvalue.

C、Itisdifficulttoconvinceyoungerworkerstoworkhard.

D>Itisdifficulttoconvinceolderworkerstolearnnewtechnologies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。文章最后一段說(shuō)到雖然職業(yè)中介機(jī)構(gòu)Experconnect成功

地為一些客戶提供了服務(wù)，但是山于法國(guó)公司固有的偏見，為老齡工人尋求職位并

不容易，于是有了最后的感嘆“成見難改”，因此推測(cè)這句話的意思為［A］。

19、Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethat

A、thelifeofmostFrencholderworkersarcdifficult.

B、olderworkersaremorevaluablethantheyoungerinsomeareas.

C、theFrenchyoungerworkersdonotworkhardenough.

D^mostFrencholderworkersdonotwanttoworkanymoreafterretirement.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文說(shuō)的是法國(guó)老齡員工人的就業(yè)問(wèn)

題，但是文中并未提到法國(guó)老年人的生活困難，由此排除［A］；文中也舉了多個(gè)例

子來(lái)說(shuō)明老齡工人在某些方面要強(qiáng)于年輕人，故［B］為正確答案；［C］和［D］在文中

均沒(méi)有提及，故排除。

20、Wecanlearnfromthispassagethattheauthor

A、believesolderworkersarclessproductive.

B、holdsthatFrenchgovernmentiswrongfbrtheearlyretirementpolicy.

C^believesolderworkersarevaluable.

D、holdsthatolderworkersshouldnotcompetewithyoungerones.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題問(wèn)作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。作者在文中列舉了好幾個(gè)老齡

工人成功就業(yè)的事例，文末作者又認(rèn)為老齡工人生產(chǎn)力不高是種偏見，因此可以判

斷作者是支持老年人就業(yè)并且相信老年人的價(jià)值的，故選［C］。［A］與作者的觀點(diǎn)相

悖：文中已經(jīng)提到了提早退休政策的制定是有當(dāng)時(shí)的背景，只是現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)境遷，故

排除［B|；［D］在文中并沒(méi)有提及，而且老齡工人是有一定的市場(chǎng)需求的，并沒(méi)有對(duì)

年輕人就業(yè)形成大的沖擊。

ThinkofthelonelinessfeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernative

Alaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasa

mother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1974一hewasthelastnative

speakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortof

beingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswas

vanishingandtriedtorecordandlearnwhatevertheycouldofavanishingtongue.In

remotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtotheirgravesa

systemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?

Plentyoflanguages-amongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChib-cha—have

gonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.Shouldanyonelose

sleepoverthefactthatmanytongues-fromManchu(spokeninChina)to

Hua(Botswana)andGwich'in(Alaska)—areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?

Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbyto

preservelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateand

publiciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome

6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoday,some50%to90%couldbegonebytheendof

thecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehave

diedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastand

South-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshape

ofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.Ayoungsterinanypartofthe

SovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthe

keytosuccess;citizensofChinafacesimilarpressuretofocusonMandarin,themain

Chinesedialect.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.In

yearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstooknativechildrenawayfromtheir

familiestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesof

theBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthe

wronglanguage.Butinanageofmasscommunications,thethreatstolinguisticdiversity

arelesscrucialandmorespontaneous.Parentsstopusingtraditionaltongues,thinkingit

willbebetterfortheirchildrentogrowupusingadominantlanguage(suchasSwahiliin

EastAfrica)oraglobalone(suchasEnglish,MandarinorSpanish).Andevenifparents

trytokeeptheoldspeechalive,theireffortscanbedoomedbyfilmsandcomputer

games.

21、AccordingtoParagraph1,MarieSmith'ssolituderesultsfromthefactthat

A、shelivesaloneandnooneaccompaniesher.

B、peoplearoundhercouldnotunderstandherlanguage.

C、sheisthelastpersonhavingEyakasmother-tongus.

D、asanativeAlaska,shelivesfarawayfromthatplace.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MarieSmith飛提示定位至第一段。解

答本題的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)第一段前兩句話的理解：第一句提示讀者設(shè)想瑪麗?史密斯的孤

獨(dú)感；第二句解釋了造成孤獨(dú)感的原因，即她是世界上最后一位掌握埃亞克人母語(yǔ)

的人。所以正確答案是［C］。［A］“沒(méi)人陪伴”未在文中出現(xiàn)；［B］有一定的干擾性：文

中只提到瑪麗是世界上最后一位掌握埃亞克人母語(yǔ)的人，這并不意味著她不能和周

圍的人交流，而且她是土生土長(zhǎng)的阿拉斯加州人，不可能不被她周圍的人理解；

［D］中shelivesfarawayfromthatplace并未在文中提及，故排除。

22、Whatdocampaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesdotosaveendangered

languages?

A、Takemeasurestoslowdownlanguages,vanishingrate.

B、Trytomakeknownlanguages'acceleratingvanishingrate.

C>Tryalltheirouttorecordandreconstructthevanishinglanguages.

D、Slowdownlanguages5vanishingrateandmeanwhilemakeitknown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguages

定位至第三段。該段段首提到了雖然為保存語(yǔ)言而進(jìn)行游說(shuō)的人較少，但是他們?cè)?/p>

努力同時(shí)從兩方面改變現(xiàn)狀：降低令人擔(dān)憂的語(yǔ)言加速消逝的速度，同時(shí)使語(yǔ)言加

速消逝的現(xiàn)狀為公眾所注意。由此可知［D］為正確答案。

23、InParagraphs4and5theauthordiscussesthat

A、masteringRussianisthekeytosuccessintheSovietUnion.

B、citizensofChinashouldfocusontheacquisitionofMandarin.

C、Englishreachesitspresentglobalstatusasaworldlanguage.

D、languagesfaceobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpower.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第四、五段。第四段開頭提到“甚

至一些充滿活力的語(yǔ)言也受到了因政治權(quán)力傾向而強(qiáng)制推行的主流語(yǔ)言的威脅”，

接下來(lái)分別以蘇聯(lián)的俄語(yǔ)、中國(guó)的普通話和作為世界語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)為例，證明政治傾

向?qū)φZ(yǔ)言流行的影響。因而正確答案是［D］。

24Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthevanishinglanguagesthroughouttheworld?

A、Concerned.

B、Indifferent.

C^Pleased.

D、Sympathetic.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。解答本題需要根據(jù)文中作者的措辭來(lái)判斷：笫一段中提

到了瑪麗的“孤獨(dú)”；第二段用了“難道……”的反問(wèn)句式和引起人們“失眠”的結(jié)果;

第三段提到“為保存語(yǔ)言而進(jìn)行游說(shuō)的人較少“；以及下文從三個(gè)方面例證造成語(yǔ)言

消逝的措辭和結(jié)構(gòu)安排可見：［B］“漠不關(guān)心”和［C］“高興”，都不符合文章主旨，因

為本文是要喚起人們對(duì)這些瀕臨滅絕的語(yǔ)言的重視；［D］“感到同情”不準(zhǔn)確，作者

是對(duì)這些語(yǔ)言的處境感到擔(dān)憂和關(guān)切。由此可知［A］“擔(dān)憂”為正確選項(xiàng)。

25、Inthefuture,thenumberoflanguageswill

A、stopdecreasing.

B、begintoincrease.

C、continuetodecrease.

D、stopincreasing.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本題需要對(duì)全文綜合理解。首先，在歷史上就存在語(yǔ)言

消逝的現(xiàn)象；其次，近年來(lái)這一消逝開始加速；最后，雖然最后一段開頭提到“在

大眾傳播工具盛行的時(shí)代，語(yǔ)言多樣化所受威脅的嚴(yán)峻性降低，自發(fā)性提高”，但

是依然說(shuō)明了語(yǔ)言選擇趨向集中的事實(shí)和趨勢(shì)，所以正確答案是［C］。

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀9翻譯句子）（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共

20分。）

Muchoftheexcitementamonginvestigatorsinthefieldofintellige