考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷2（共9套）

（共185題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀9翻譯句子）（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共

25分。）

Buttherealworldeventuallypenetrateseventheivorytower.Exactlyhowhumanity

becamehumanisstillamatterofdebate.Butthereare.atleast,somewell-formed

hypotheses.[Fl]WhalIhesehypolheseshaveincommonisihaliheyrelynoton

Spencer'sideaofindividualcomDetilion.bulonsocialinleraction.Thatinteractionis.

indeed,sometimesconfrontationalandoccasionallybloody.Butitisfrequently

collaborative,andevenwhenitisnot.itismoreoftenmanipulativethanviolent.Modern

Darwinism'sbigbreakthroughwastheidentificationofthecentralroleoftrustinhuman

evolution.Peoplewhoarerelatedcollaborateonthebasisofnepotism.[F2]lllakes

oulrageousr）rofilorprovocation「orsomeonetododownarelaiivewilhwhomiheyshare

alolgenes.Trustihough.allowsiheunrelaledlocollaborate,bykeepingscoreofwho

docswhatwhen,andpunishingcheats.Veryfewanimalscanmanagethis.Indeed,

outsidetheprimates,onlyvampirebatshavebeenshov/ntotrustnonrelativesroutinely.

[F3]（Well-fedbatswillgivesomeofthebloodtheyhaveswallowedtohungry

neighbours、bulexpeclthefavourloberelumedwheniheyarehungryandwilldeny

favourslothosewhohavecheatedinthepast.）[F4]Thehumanmind,however、seems

tohaveevolvedihetrickofbeingable[oidentifyalargenumberofindividualsandlo

keepscoreofitsrelationswith[hem、delecting[hedishonestorgieedyandtaking

vengeance,evenatsomecosttoitself.Thisprocessmayevenbe-asMattRidley,who

wroteforthisnewspaperacenturyandahalfafterSpencer,describedit——theoriginof

virtue.ThenewsocialDarwinists（thosewhoseesocietyitself,ratherthanthesavannah

orthejungle,asthe"natural"environmentinwhichhumanityisevolvingandtowhich

naturalselectionresponds）havenotabandonedSpenceraltogether,ofcourse.Butthey

haveputanewspinonhim.TherankingbywealthofwhichSpencersoapprovedisbut

oneexampleofawidertendencyforpeopletotrytoout-doeachother.Andthat

competition,whetherathletic,artisticorfinancial,doesseemtobeaboutgeneticdisplay.

[F5]UnfakeabledemonstrationsofasuDoriarilylha）hasalleaslsomeunderlying

geneticcomponenlarcalmoslunfailinglYallractiveloiheoppositesex.Thusbolhofihe

thingsneededlomakeaneconomywork,collaborationandconwetilion,seemlohave

evolvedunderCharlesDarwin'sDenetratinggaze.

1、【Fl】

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些假說(shuō)的共同點(diǎn)在于它們不是依賴(lài)斯賓塞有關(guān)個(gè)體之間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的觀點(diǎn)，

而是依賴(lài)社會(huì)交往互動(dòng)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

2、[F2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：為了無(wú)恥地獲得利益或者為了挑釁，有的人欺騙與自己享有許多共同遺

傳基因的親戚。不過(guò)，彼此信任使得沒(méi)有親戚關(guān)系的人相互合作，他們靠的是記住

誰(shuí)在什么時(shí)候做過(guò)什么事，并且懲罰欺騙行為。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

3、[F3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：(吸飽了血的蝙蝠會(huì)把自己吞下的血吐一些給饑餓的鄰居吸，不過(guò)指望

自己饑餓時(shí)能得到回報(bào)，決不會(huì)讓那些過(guò)去欺騙過(guò)自己的蝙蝠得到好處。)

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

4、[F4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但是，人的頭腦似乎已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到很高級(jí)的程度，獲得了訣竅.能夠識(shí)別

許多個(gè)體，而且能記住和他們的關(guān)系，去察覺(jué)那些不誠(chéng)實(shí)或貪婪的人.進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)，

甚至不惜自己付出代價(jià)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

5、[F5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：一個(gè)人的卓越才能至少受到某些潛在的遺傳因素影響。真實(shí)地、亳無(wú)作

假地表現(xiàn)自己的卓越才能對(duì)異性幾乎總有強(qiáng)大的吸引力。因此，使經(jīng)濟(jì)得以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)所

需的因素中，合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)這兩大因素看來(lái)是在查爾斯?達(dá)爾文的敏銳凝視中進(jìn)化而

來(lái)的。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

[Fl]Eversinceihemid-1980s,whenOPEC'saltemptslokeepiheoilpricehigh

collaDsedinihefaceofrisingSUDDMonlywarhasbeenDMenlenoughlolifliheprice

hackio【helevelsofihe1970s.Thedifferencetodayfromthelasteraofhighprices,says

TomCollina,of20/20Vision,anenvironmentalistgroup,isthat"oilproducersare

pumpingasfastastheycan,butcannotkeeppacewithdemand".Therobusteconomic

growthofAmerica,coupledwithindustrialrevolutionsinChinaandIndia,hashelpedto

ensureaverydifferentmarketforenergy.[F2]Theworldgotusedeorelyingonspare

capacityofafewmillionb/dinSaudiArabiaihalcouldalwayscappricespikesinan

emergency(ildidjustmatinihefirstGulfwarandagainduringanoil-workers'strikein

Venezuelain2003).Huideniandhassteadilyealenawayreservesandinveslnienihas

failedtokeepup.Inthetightmarketsfbrenergysince2004,someidentifieda"fear

premium"of$10-15abarrelreflectingthethreatoflostsupply.Evenslowerdemand

growthin2005didlittletolowerprices.[F3]Thetightnessofcapacilyextendsinlo

refiningandgassuDply,leavingconsumersvulnerableloanyexlernalshocks—suchas

thetwohurricanes.KatrinaandRita,whichhittheGulfofMexicointheautumn.The

hurricanesputadozenoilrefineriesaccountingfor16%ofU.S.capacitytemporarilyout

ofaction.AmericanrefiningfelltoitslowestlevelsinceMarch1987,accordingto

PetroleumEconomist.Thepriceofpetrolroseabove$3agallon—alevelshockingly

hightoAmericans,cheapasitmightseemtoJapaneseorEuropeans.Democratsaccused

theoilcompaniesofpricegouging,whileRepublicansarguedforaneasingof

environmentallawsrestrictingoildrillingandrefinerybuilding.Allthismakesita

producers'world,whichnoonehasexploitedasgleefullyasHugoChavez.Venezuela's

presidenthasalwaysbelievedinoilasatoolofgeopolitics,tobeusedagainstAmerican

"imperialism".In2004heunilaterallyraisedtheroyaltiesonsuper-heavycrude

productionintheOrinocobeltfrom1%to16.6%—andmayyetincreaseitto30%.In

2005heincreasedthetaxratepaidbytheforeignoilcompaniesfrom34%to50%,and

thenhitthemwithhugebillsforunpaid"backtaxes".[F4]Thelatestofhismeasures

wastoinsistonthe22foreigncompaniesoperatingservicecontractstoswitch,by

December31st2005,tojoint-ventures,inwhichthegovernmentwouldholdthelion's

share.AllbutExxonMobileventuallydidso.Strangely,perhaps,consumerscanlearna

comfortinglessonfromallthis.Forallhismischief-making,evenapopulistlikeMr.

ChavezhasneverlookedlikecuttingsuppliestowhatVenezuelacallsits"fundamental

market"inAmerica.AmericawouldnoticeacutinVenezuelansupplies,whichnormally

accountforabout12-13%ofitsimports.Rutitcouldalwaysbuyoilontheworldmarket.

Venezuelawouldbeworsehit.[F5]Itwouldbehard-pressedtofindothermarketsFor

abouthalfofitsproduction,especiallysincemostofitscrude】shighinsulphurand

unsuitableformostrefineries.

6、【Fl】

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：20世紀(jì)80年代中期，由于石油供給增多，石油輸出國(guó)組織試圖保持高

油價(jià)的努力以失敗告終。從那時(shí)起，只有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)才有足夠的力量把油價(jià)提升到70年

代的水平。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

7、[F2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：世界習(xí)慣于依賴(lài)沙特阿折伯每天幾百萬(wàn)桶的額外供油能力。在緊急

時(shí).總能抑制住價(jià)格峰值（在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，就起到了這個(gè)作用。在2003年委

內(nèi)瑞拉石油工人罷工時(shí),又一次起了作用）。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

8、[F3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：產(chǎn)能緊張延伸到石油精煉和汽油供應(yīng)，使消費(fèi)者經(jīng)受不起任何外來(lái)的沖

擊.比如，去年秋天襲擊墨西哥灣的兩次颶風(fēng)，卡特里娜和麗塔，所造成的沖擊。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

9、[F4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：雨果?查維茲總統(tǒng)采取最新措施，堅(jiān)持在2005年12月31日以前把22

家外國(guó)公司控股的服務(wù)業(yè)合同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹腺Y，其中，政府要享有最大份額。除?？松?/p>

美孚公司外，其他公司最終都照辦了。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

10、[F5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：委內(nèi)瑞拉生產(chǎn)的石油，大約有一半難以找到其他市場(chǎng)，特別是由于其大

部分原汕中硫的含量過(guò)高，不適合大多數(shù)石油精煉廠。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Atthemoment,mobileTVismostlystreamedover3Gnetworks.Butsendingan

individualdatastreamtoeachviewerisinefficientandwillbeunsustainableinthelong

runifmobileTVtakesoff.[Fl]Sothegeneralconsensusis」hat3Gstreamingisa

preludetotheconstructionofdedicatedmobile-TVbroadcastnetworks,whichtiansmit

digitalTVsignalsonentirelydifferentfrequenciestothoseusedforvoiceanddata.

Therearethreemainstandards:DVB-H,favouredinEurope;DMB.whichhasbeen

adoptedinSouthKoreaandJapan;andMediaFLO,whichisbeingrolledoutinAmerica.

WatchingTVusinganyofthesetechnologiesrequiresaTVcapablehandset,ofcourse.

AlthoughseveralnewmodelswereunveiledinhasVegasthisweek,nosuchhandselsare

yetavailableinEuropeorAmerica,andfewinAsia.Incontrast,watchingdownloaded

TVprogrammesonaniPodorotherportablevideoplayerisalreadypossibletoday.

[F2]Andunlikeaprogrammestreamedover3Gorbroadcastviaadedicatedmcbile-

TVnelwork,showsstoredonaniPodcanbewatchedonanundergroundirainorin

regionswithpatchynetworkcoverage.Thatsuggeststhatsomeshows(suchas

drama)bettersuitthedownloadmodel,whileothers(suchaslivenews,sportsorreality

shows)arebettersuitedtoreal-timetransmission,notesMichelledeLussanetof

Forrester,aconsultancy.Thetwoapproacheswillprobablyco-exist.FutureiPodsmaybe

abletoreceivereal-timebroadcasts,whilemobilehandsetswillbeabletostorebroadcast

contentordownloaditfromPCsorPVRsforlaterviev/ing.Justasthereareseveral

competingmobile-TVtechnologies,therearealsomanypossiblebusinessmodels.

[F3]Mobileoperatorsmightchoosetobuildtheirownmobile-TVbroadcastnetworks;

ortheycouldformaconsortiumandbuildashaiednetwork;orexistingbroadcasters

couldbuildsuchnetworks.Somechannelswillbegivenawayfbrfree,whileothersarc

forpayingsubscribersonly.Theoutcomewillvaryfromcountrytocountry,depending

ontheregulatoryenvironmentandtheavailabilityofspectrum.Thebigquestionis

whetherthebroadcastersandmobileoperatorscanagreehowtodividethespoils,

assumingthereareany.[F4]Broadcastersownthecontent,butmobileoperators

generallycontrolthehandsets、andtheydonotalwaysseeeyetoeye.[F5]InSouth

Korea,aconsortiumofbroadcasterslaunchedafrcc-to-airDMBnetworklastmonth,but

thecounlry'smobileoperatorswerereluctanltoprovideIheiruserswithhandselsablelo

receiveihebroadcasls,sinceiheywereunwillingloundermineiheprospeclsforiheir

ownsubscrimion-basedmobile-TVservices.

11、[Fl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：因此，人們一致認(rèn)為，使用第三代通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送是建設(shè)專(zhuān)用移動(dòng)電視廣

播網(wǎng)的序幕。專(zhuān)用移動(dòng)電視廣播網(wǎng)用完全不同的頻率把數(shù)字電視信號(hào)傳送到用于接

收語(yǔ)音和數(shù)據(jù)的設(shè)備上來(lái)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

12、[F2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：而且，與第三代通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送的節(jié)目或者專(zhuān)用移動(dòng)電視廣播網(wǎng)播放的節(jié)

目不同，在iPod播放器上存儲(chǔ)的節(jié)目可以在地鐵或網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)差的地區(qū)觀看。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

13、[F3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商可能會(huì)決定自建移動(dòng)電視廣播網(wǎng)，或結(jié)盟建設(shè)合用廣播網(wǎng)；

現(xiàn)有的電視廣播公司也可能自建這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

14、[F4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：電視廣播公司擁有節(jié)目，而一般由移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商控制接收沒(méi)備，二者的意

見(jiàn)常有分歧。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、[F5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：在韓國(guó)，電視廣播公司聯(lián)盟上月開(kāi)始啟用開(kāi)放式的DMB標(biāo)準(zhǔn)移動(dòng)電視

廣播網(wǎng)。但是韓國(guó)的移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商拒絕為用戶(hù)提供能夠接收這種電視廣播的接收機(jī)，

這是因?yàn)樗麄儾辉笓p害自己的以訂戶(hù)為基礎(chǔ)的移動(dòng)電視服務(wù)的前景。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Science,beingahumanactivity,isnotimmunetofashion.[Fl]Forexample,oneof

thefirstmathematicianstostudythesubjectofprobabilitytheorywasanEnglish

clergymancalledThomasBayes,whowasbo「nin1702anddiedin1761.Hisideas

aboutthepredictionoffutureeventsfromoneortwoexampleswerepopularforawhile,

andhaveneverbeenfundamentallychallenged.[F2]Buttheywereeveniually

overwhelmedbyihoseoflhe"freauenlist"school,whichdevelopedIhemethodsbased

onsamplingfromalaigepopulationihalnowdominateihefieldandareusedtopredict

thingsasdiverseastheoutcomesofelectionsandpreferencesforchocolatebars.

Recently,however,Bayes'sideashavemadeacomebackamongcomputerscientists

tryingtodesignsoftwarewithhumanlikeintelligence.Bayesianreasoningnowliesatthe

heartofleadinginternetsearchenginesandautomated"helpwizards'1.Thathasprompted

somepsychologiststoaskifthehumanbrainitselfmightbeaBayesian-reasoning

machine.[F3]Theysuggestthat[heBayesiancapaci【ytodrawstronginferencesfrom

sparsedatacouldbecrucial〔otheway[hemindperceivestheworld,plansactions,

comprehendsandlearnslanguage,reasonsfromconelationtocausation,andeven

understands【hegoalsandbeliefsofotherminds.[F4]Theseresearchershave

conductedlaboratoryexperimenlsihalconvinceihemiheyareoniherighlirack、bulonly

recentlyhaveiheybegunlolookatwhelherihebraincopeswilheverydayiudgmenlsin

therealworldinaBayesianmanner.Inresearchtobepublishedlaterthisyearin

PsychologicalScience,ThomasGriffithsofBrownUniversityinRhodeIslandand

JoshuaTenenbaumoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyputtheideaofa

Bayesianbraintoaquotidiantest.Theyfoundthatitpasseswithflyingcolours.Thekey

tosuccessfulBayesianreasoningisnotinhavinganextensive,unbiasedsample,whichis

theeternalworryoffrequentists,butratherinhavinganappropriate"prior",asitis

knowntothecognoscenti.[F5)ThispriorisanassumptionaboulihewayIhiworld

works—inessence,ahypolhesisaboulrealily—ihalcanbeexpressedasamalhematical

Drobabililydislribulionofihefreauencywithwhicheven【sofaDarlicularmagnilude

happen.

16、[Fl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：例如，一個(gè)名叫托烏斯?貝葉斯的英國(guó)牧師是最早研究概率論的數(shù)學(xué)家

之一。他1702年出生，1761年去世。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

17、[F2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但是，“頻率論”學(xué)派的想法最終壓倒了貝葉斯的想法?！邦l率論”學(xué)派研

究出以在大群體中取樣為基礎(chǔ)的方法?！邦l率論”學(xué)派的方法如今主宰了這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，

被用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)各種不同的事物，比如，選舉結(jié)果，以及對(duì)不同巧克力塊的偏愛(ài)程度

等。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

18、[F3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這心理學(xué)家提出，貝葉斯從少量數(shù)據(jù)得出合理推論的能力可能與人腦的

各種能力密切相關(guān)。人腦能認(rèn)識(shí)世界、安排活動(dòng)、理解并學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言、從相互關(guān)系到

因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理，甚至能理解他人的目標(biāo)和信念。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

19、[F4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這些研究人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做了實(shí)驗(yàn)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)使他們相信自己方向正確。

但是，只不過(guò)最近，他們才開(kāi)始考慮人腦是否依照貝葉斯模式處理真實(shí)世界的口常

問(wèn)題。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

20、[F5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這個(gè)前提是對(duì)世界運(yùn)行方式所做的假?zèng)]，實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)真實(shí)事物的假設(shè)。

這個(gè)假設(shè)是用大數(shù)量事件發(fā)生頻率的數(shù)學(xué)概率分布表達(dá)出來(lái)的。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Thefieldofdevelopmenteconomicsisconcernedwiththecausesofunderdevelopment

andwithpoliciesthatmayacceleratetherateofgrowthofpercapitaincome.[Fl]

WhiletheseIwoconcernsarerelatedloeachother,ilispossibletodevisepoliciesIhat

arelikelytoaccelerategrowihwiihouifullyunderslandingihecausesof

underdeveloDment.Studiesofboththecausesofunderdevelopmentandofpoliciesand

actionsthatmayacceleratedevelopmentareundertakenforavarietyofreasons.[F2]

Therearethosewhoarcconcernedwiththedevelopingcountriesonhumanitarian

grounds;Ihatis,withiheDfoblemofhelpingthepeopleofthesecountriestoatlaincertain

minimummalerialslandardsoflivinginlermsofsuch「aclorsasfood,clolhing,shelter,

andnulrilion.Forthem,lowpercapitaincomeisthemeasureoftheproblemofpoverty

inamaterialsense.Theaimofeconomicdevelopmentistoimprovethematerial

standardsoflivingbyraisingtheabsolutelevelofpercapitaincomes.Raisingpercapita

incomesisalsoastaledobjectiveofpolicyofthegovernmentsofalldeveloping

countries.Forpolicymakersandeconomistsattemptingtoachievetheirgovernments'

objectives,therefore,anunderstandingofeconomicdevelopment,especiallyinitspolicy

dimensions,isimportant.[F3]Finally.therethosewhoareconcernedwith

economicdevelopmenteitherbecausetheybelieveitiswhatDeopleindeveloping

countrieswantorbecausetheybelievethatpoliticalstabilitycanbeassuredonlywith

satisfactoryratesofeconomicgrowth.Thesemotivesarcnotmutuallyexclusive.Those

whoareconcernedwithpoliticalstabilitytendtoseethelowpercapitaincomesofthe

developingcountriesinrelativeterms;thatis,inrelationtothehighpercapitaincomesof

thedevelopedcountries.[F4]Forthem,evenifadevelopingcounlryisabletoimprove

itsmaterialstandardsoflivingthrougharisein[helevelofitspercapitaincome,itmay

stillbefacedwiththemoreintractablesubjectiveproblemofthediscontentcreatedby

thewideninggapiniherelalivelevelsbelweenitselfandIherichercounlries.[F5]

Akhough【herewasonceindevelopmenleconomicsadebaleaslowhelherraisingliving

standardsorreducingtherelativegapinlivingstandardswasiheiruedesideratumof

policy,experienceduringthe1960-80periodconvincedmostobserversthatdeveloping

countriescould,withappropriatepolicies,achievesufEcicntlyhighratesofgiowthboth

toraisetheirlivingstandardsfairlyrapidlyandtobeginclosingthegap.

21、[Fl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：所關(guān)注的這兩個(gè)方面是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。不過(guò)，在尚未充分弄清不發(fā)達(dá)原因

的情況下，制定有助于加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的政策，還是有可能辦到的。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

22、[F2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：有些人出于人道主義立場(chǎng)關(guān)心發(fā)展中國(guó)家。也就是說(shuō).他們關(guān)心的問(wèn)題

是：幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民，在吃、穿、住、營(yíng)養(yǎng)等方面，達(dá)到某種最低限度的物

質(zhì)生活水平。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

23、[F3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：最后，還有一些人，他們之所以關(guān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，要么因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為發(fā)展

經(jīng)濟(jì)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家人民需要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，或是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)到令

人滿(mǎn)意的程度才能保證政治穩(wěn)定。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

24、[F4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，即使一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以通過(guò)提高人均收入水準(zhǔn)來(lái)提高物

質(zhì)生活水平，不過(guò)該國(guó)依然需要應(yīng)付本國(guó)與富有國(guó)家相對(duì)水平差距加大所造成的不

滿(mǎn)而引發(fā)的更加難以處理的主觀感情上的問(wèn)題。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

25、[F5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：制定政策的當(dāng)務(wù)之急究竟應(yīng)是提高生活水平，還是減少生活水平上的相

對(duì)差距，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)一度對(duì)此有過(guò)爭(zhēng)論。然而，1960到1980年期間的經(jīng)驗(yàn)使大多

數(shù)觀察家相信，發(fā)展中國(guó)家，如果政策得當(dāng)，就能實(shí)現(xiàn)相當(dāng)高速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，既能

較快地提高生活水平，又可以開(kāi)始縮小與富有國(guó)家相對(duì)生活水平的差距。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題1.0

分，共20分。）

ThenumbersinthejobsreportforFebruarywerebad,butthetrendswereworse.More

thanhalfOfthe4.4millionjobslostsinceDecember2007,whentherecessionbegan,

vanishedinthelastfourmonths.4'Theunemploymentratehasalsosurgedto8.1

percentlastmonthfrom7.6percentinJanuary-andfrom5.0percentwhenthe

recessionbegan.Theranksoftheunemployednowtotal12.5millionpeople.It's

fortunate,then,thatthenation'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstrisingjoblessness一

unemploymentinsurance-wasreinforcedinthestimuluslawthatpassedlastmonth.The

lawincreasesunemploymentbenefitsby$25aweekandallowsstatestoextendthose

benefitsthroughtheendoftheyear.Italsoprovides$7billiontothestatestocovermore

than500,000workersoftenpart-time,low-wageandfemale-whoaredeniedjobless

benefitsunderoutdatedrulesthatapplyinmanystates.Thosestates,ofcourse,must

reformtheirsystemstospecificallyincludethoseworkersandtobringtheirprograms

moreinlinewithfederalguidelines.CongressandtheObamaadministrationmustalso

bepreparedtodomoreasunemploymentworsensasitinevitablywillinthiscontracting

economy.In1Ith-hourwranglinglastmonth,aprovisionwasstruckfromthestimulus

billthatwouldhaveprovidedMedicaidcoveragetounemployedworkerswhodonot

qualifyorcannotaffordtostayontheirformeremployers'grouphealthinsurance.The

measureshouldbereintroducedandpassedintolaw.Indeed,alljob-relatedpolicies

shouldacknowledgethatemploymentisunlikelytoturnaroundanytimesoon.That's

becausetheeconomy'sotherheadwinds—thehousingbustandthestock-market

wipeout-willdelayanylabormarketrecovery.Withbothsalesandpricesforhomes

declininginmostplaces,manypeoplewhomightotherwisemovetotakeanewjobare

compelledtostayput,especiallyifasalewouldnotbringinenoughmoneytopayoffthe

mortgage.Withstockstanking,manyworkersarelikelytopostponeretirement,

impairingupwardmobilityforotherworkersandcrowdingoutnewentrantstothework

force.1hatmeansthatinadditiontoprovidingrelieffortoday'sunemployed,greater

emphasismustbeplacedonjobtrainingandretrainingandonbettereducationatall

levels.Ifajobslumpisshortandshallow,oldjobscomeback.Ifitislonganddeep,like

thecurrentone,someoldjobsneverreturnandevensomeindustriesneverrevive.That

makesitimperativetoprepareasanationfortheprospectofavastlydifferentfuture.

1、Thetrendswereworse,asisevidencedbythefact(hat.

A^unemploymentinsurancewasreinforcedinthestimuluslaw

asmanyas12.5millionpeopleinAmericaareunemployed

C、theunemploymentralekeptincreasingsincerecessionbegan

D、morethan2.2millionjobsdisappearedinthelastfourmonths

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的"Theunemploymentratehasalsosurgedto8.1percent

lastmonthfrom7.6percentinJanuary-andfrom5.0percentwhentherecession

began”，C應(yīng)為答案。

2、Underthestimuluslawpassedrecently,.

A、theweeklybenefitforeachunemployedworkerreaches$25

B、evenpart-timeworkersarcentitledtounemploymentbenefits

C、morethanhalfamillionworkersareincludedintheinsurance

D^thestateinsuranceprogramsareinlinewithfederalguidelines

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的"Italsoprovides$7billiontothestatestocovermore

than500000workers...oftenpart—time,low-wageandfemale...B應(yīng)為答案。

3、TheObamaadministrationisexpectedto.

A、improveunemployedinsurance

B、detertheeconomyfromworsening

C、introduceaneffectivestimulusbill

D、protectpeoplefromlosingtheirjobs

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“CongressandtheObamaadministrationmustalsobe

preparedtodomoreasunemploymentworsens”和“aprovisionwasstruck...that

wouldhaveprovidedMedicaidcoveragetounemployedworkers..A應(yīng)為答案c

4、Itisimpliedinthetextthatfacilitatesthelabormarketrecovery.

A、theimpairmentofupwardmobility

B、theearlyretirementofmoreworkers

C、thetimelysetupofjob-relatedpolicies

D、thethrivingsalesandpricesforhomes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段中的"That'sbecause...thehousingbust...willdelayanylabor

marketrecovery”,D應(yīng)為答案。

5、Greateremphasismustbeplacedonjobtrainingandretrainingsince.

A、providingreliefforunemployedisfarfromadequate

B、loday'sunemployedshouldbepreparedfbrnewjobs

C>thecurrentrecessionisunexpectedlylonganddeep

D、theeconomicprospectofournationisstillobscure

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifitislonganddeep,likethecurrentone,some

oldjobsneverreturnandevensomeindustriesneverrevive',B應(yīng)為答案。

Momwasrightstandupstraight,brushyourhairandquitrunningaround.Thoserules

mayhaveseemedannoying,butitturnsouttheymakeallthedifferenceintheway

peopleperceiveyou.Actionsdon'tjustspeaklouderthanwords—theycancompletely

drownthemout.Andslouchingormovingtoofastthroughtheofficecanmakeyoulook

likeanunderling,accordingtobodylanguageexperts.There'smuchmorethatyourbody

canconvey.Infact,55%ofwhatyoucommunicateissaidthroughyourbodylanguage

andfacialexpression,accordingtoonestudy.Knowinghowtosendtherightmessage

canhelpyousucceedinv/orkandinlove.Tobeseenaspowerfulandconfidentonthe

job,therulesareclear:Alwaysstandupstraightandofferasolidhandshake.Also,walk

fasthutnottoofast.Slowwalkersappeartobelessambitious,whilethosewhowalktoo

speedilyarcclearlysubordinates,saysKevinHogan,authorofTheSecretLanguageof

Business.Thosewhowalkwithefficiencylooklikeleaders.Bothsexescansoftenupa

littlewhentheyleavetheworkplace.Inanamoroussetting,mencanroundtheirposture

andshouldbendalittle,sothattheireyesmeettheirdates1atthesamelevel.Eyecontact

iskeytoshowinganotherpersonthatyou'relistening,butthereisarightwayanda

wrongwaytodoit.Trainyoureyesontheotherperson's"goldentriangle",thearea

betweentheeyesandthetipofthenose.Butavoidstaringdirectlyintosomeone's

pupils-itcancomeoffascreepy.Inbothbusinessandpleasure,firstimpressionsare

crucial.Forafirstmeeting,thebestwaytogetonaperson'sgoodsideistoliterallystand

ontheirright-handside."Ifaguycomesupandtalkstoagirlonherleftside,he's

alreadylostthebattle,"saysHogan.Becauseofthewaythebrainworks,over90%ofthe

populationthosewhoarerighthanded—viewpeoplewhostandontheirrightmore

favorablythanthosewhostandontheirleft.Agreatwaytobuildupanotherperson's

comfortistomimichisorhermovements.Ifyourdatetakesasipofwine,dothesame

severalsecondslater.Ifyourbosscrossesherlegs,crossyourstoo.Mirroringis

somelhiiig"weinslinclivelyduwhenweareallracled;wejustdon'tnoliue,"saysGregory

Hartley,authorofGetPeopletoDoWhatYouWant.Butwhetherwe'redoingit

unconsciouslyoronpurpose,itwillhavethesameeffect.

6、Theauthorbelievesthatwhenonecommunicateswithothers,actions.

A、don'tspeaklouderthanwords

B、aremoreimportantthanwords

C、cansubstitutewordscompletely

D^arenolessimpressivethanwords

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的"Actionsdon'tjustspeaklouderthanwords--theycan

completelydrownthemout"，B應(yīng)為答案。

7、One'sconfidencecanbeperceivedby..

A、secretlanguageofbusiness

B、whetherheworkseffectively

C、hisnonverbalcommunication

D^whathesaysandwhathedoes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段第一句"Tobeseenaspowerfulandconfidentonthejob-the

rulesareclear:Alwaysstandupstraightandofferasolidhandshake"，C應(yīng)為答案。

8、Itseemsthateyecontactis

A、averytrickyartforustomaster

anoftenoverlookedskilltohave

C、consideredimpoliteoraggressive

D、usuallyassumedtoindicatehonesty

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“…butthereisarightwayandawrongwaytodo

it.Trainyoureyes...itcancomeoffascreepy”,A應(yīng)為答案。

9、Whenitcomestomakingthefirstimpression,.

A、courteousbehaviorhelpsenormously

B、apositiveattitudeisutmostimportant

C、maintainanupbeatmannerandasmile

D、expressyourindividualityappropriately

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第六段中的“…thebestwaytogetonaperson'sgoodsideisto

literallystandontheirright—handside.'Ifaguycomesupandtalkstoagirlonherleft

side,he'salreadylostthebattle.,A應(yīng)為答案。

10、Accordingtothetext,appropriatebodylanguage.

A^manifestsitselfinmimickingyourdate

B、promisesthesuccessinworkandinlove

C>helpsyoufeelmorestrongandconfident

D、helpscreateagoodfirstimpressionofyou

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句"Thoserulesmayhaveseemedannoying,butitturns

outtheymakeallthedifferenceinthewaypeopleperceiveyou”,D應(yīng)為答案。

Bythetimemostpeoplerealizedthatwhaleswerenotoversizefishbutwarm-blooded

mammalswithlargebrains,sophisticatedsocialstructuresandanelaboratelanguageof

squeals,clicksandlowmoans,itwasnearlytoolate.Theorgyofunrestrainedwhale

hunting,whichbeganinthe1600sandbecameindustrializedinthe19thcentury,had

alreadysentmanyspeciesintoseriousdecline.Environmentalgroups,fearingthatthe

whaleswouldbecomeextinct,lobbiedhardtobringthehuntingandkillingtoahalt.In

1986theycameveryclose:theInternationalWhalingCommission(IWC)votcdto

prohibitwhaling,allowingitonlyfbrscientificpurposesor,inahandfulofcases,suchas

amongnativepeoplesinAlaskaandGreenland,topreserveancientfbod-gathering

practices.Butthetreatyhasprovedalltooeasytogetaround.Japan,Icelandand

Norway,inparticular,haveslaughteredtensofthousandsofwhalesinthepast20years.

Thefirsttwocountriesclaimtheyaredoingitforscience,althoughmuchofthemeat

theytakeendsupondinnertables.Norwaydoesn'tevenbotherpretending.Itopenly

floutstheIWC'srules.NowJapanhastippedtheante:altheannualmeetingoftheIWC

lastweekintheCaribbeannationofSt.KiltsandNevis,theJapanesepushedthrougha

resolutioncallingforarepealofthewhalingmoratorium,declaringit"nolonger

necessary".Fortunatelyforthewhales,theresolutionisn'tbinding.Thevotewas33to32

infavor,butitwouldhavetakena75%majoritytooverturntheban.Forwhaling

opponents,however,thevotewasanominoussignofJapan'spowerovertheIWC——and

ofitswillingnesstousestrong-armtacticsandnot-so-subtlebriberytogetitsway.Japan

hasreportedlyshoweredmorethan$100millioninaidinrecentyearson