晉中市人民醫(yī)院輸血醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語術(shù)語考核一、單選題（每題2分，共20題）1.Whatisthemedicaltermfortheprocessofremovingbloodfromthebodyandreturningitaftertreatment?-A.Hemodialysis-B.Phlebotomy-C.Bloodtransfusion-D.Apheresis2.Whichtermreferstotheabnormaldestructionofredbloodcellsinthebloodstream?-A.Thrombocytopenia-B.Leukopenia-C.Hemolysis-D.Erythrocytosis3.Theterm"HemoglobinS"isassociatedwithwhichblooddisorder?-A.Sicklecellanemia-B.Thalassemia-C.Hemophilia-D.Polycythemia4.Whatisthetermforthestudyofbloodandblood-formingorgans?-A.Hematology-B.Immunology-C.Pathology-D.Cardiology5.Whichofthefollowingisacorrecttermfortheproteinresponsiblefortransportingoxygenintheblood?-A.Hemoglobin-B.Erythroprotein-C.Leukoglobin-D.Thromboglobin6.Theprocessofmatchingbloodtypesfortransfusioniscalled:-A.Cross-matching-B.Bloodtyping-C.ABOgrouping-D.Antigentesting7.Whatisthemedicaltermfortheconditionwhereapersonhasanabnormallylownumberofplatelets?-A.Anemia-B.Thrombocytopenia-C.Leukemia-D.Erythroblastosis8.Whichtermdescribesthepresenceofantibodiesagainstredbloodcells?-A.Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn-B.Erythroblastosisfetalis-C.Autoimmunehemolyticanemia-D.Alloimmunehemolyticanemia9.Theterm"CBC"standsfor:-A.CompleteBloodCount-B.CoagulationBloodCount-C.CardiovascularBloodCount-D.ClinicalBloodCount10.WhatisthetermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesA,B,andOantigens?-A.Rhsystem-B.ABOsystem-C.Lewissystem-D.Kellsystem二、多選題（每題3分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthecoagulationcascade?-A.FactorX-B.FactorV-C.FactorXIII-D.FactorVIII2.Whatarethemajorfunctionsofplatelets?-A.Bloodclotting-B.Transportingoxygen-C.Immuneresponse-D.Woundhealing3.Whichconditionsmayleadtohemolyticanemia?-A.Sicklecelldisease-B.Autoimmunehemolyticanemia-C.G6PDdeficiency-D.Thalassemia4.Whataretheprimarycausesofanemia?-A.Irondeficiency-B.VitaminB12deficiency-C.Chronicdisease-D.Bloodloss5.Whichtestsarecommonlyusedtoassessbloodtransfusioncompatibility?-A.ABOandRhtyping-B.Cross-matching-C.Antibodyscreening-D.Complementfixationtest6.Whatarethemajortypesofredbloodcellantigens?-A.AandBantigens-B.Rhantigens-C.Kellantigens-D.Duffyantigens7.Whichofthefollowingaresignsofdisseminatedintravascularcoagulation(DIC)?-A.Thrombocytopenia-B.Purpura-C.Petechiae-D.Bleedinggums8.Whatarethecommoncausesofthrombocytopenia?-A.ITP-B.Chemotherapy-C.Liverdisease-D.Bonemarrowfailure9.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofwhitebloodcells?-A.Neutrophils-B.Lymphocytes-C.Monocytes-D.Eosinophils10.Whatarethecomplicationsofbloodtransfusion?-A.Acutetransfusionreaction-B.Transfusion-relatedimmunomodulation-C.Transfusion-transmittedinfections-D.Ironoverload三、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theprocessofremovingplasmafrombloodiscalled________.2.ThetermforthebloodgroupthathasneitherAnorBantigensis________.3.Theprimaryfunctionoferythropoietinistostimulate________production.4.Theconditionwhereapersonhasantibodiesagainsttheirownredbloodcellsiscalled________.5.Theproteinthatbindstocalciuminbloodcoagulationis________.6.ThetermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesantigensCandc,D,E,andeis________.7.Theprocessofdestroyingoldordamagedredbloodcellsiscalled________.8.ThetermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesantigensA,B,andOis________.9.Theconditionwhereapersonhasanabnormallyhighnumberofredbloodcellsiscalled________.10.ThetermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesantigensLewisaandLewisbis________.四、簡答題（每題5分，共5題）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenhemolyticanemiaandaplasticanemia.2.Describetheroleofplateletsinbloodclotting.3.Whatarethemajorstepsinthecoagulationcascade?4.ExplaintheimportanceofABOandRhbloodtypingintransfusionmedicine.5.Describethecommoncausesofthrombocytopenia.五、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"患者因急性失血導(dǎo)致血紅蛋白水平顯著下降，需要進(jìn)行緊急輸血治療。"2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"在輸血前，必須進(jìn)行交叉配血試驗以確保血型兼容性。"答案與解析一、單選題1.D.Apheresis-解析：Apheresis是指通過體外循環(huán)去除或分離血液成分的過程，如血小板或血漿。Phlebotomy是抽血，Hemodialysis是血液透析，Bloodtransfusion是輸血。2.C.Hemolysis-解析：Hemolysis是指紅細(xì)胞的異常破壞。Thrombocytopenia是血小板減少，Leukopenia是白細(xì)胞減少，Erythrocytosis是紅細(xì)胞增多。3.A.Sicklecellanemia-解析：HemoglobinS是鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血的特征性血紅蛋白變異。Thalassemia是地中海貧血，Hemophilia是血友病，Polycythemia是紅細(xì)胞增多癥。4.A.Hematology-解析：Hematology是研究與血液和造血器官相關(guān)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科。Immunology是免疫學(xué)，Pathology是病理學(xué)，Cardiology是心臟病學(xué)。5.A.Hemoglobin-解析：Hemoglobin是負(fù)責(zé)運輸氧氣的蛋白質(zhì)。Erythroprotein、Leukoglobin和Thromboglobin均不是真實存在的血液蛋白。6.A.Cross-matching-解析：Cross-matching是輸血前驗證受血者與供血者血型兼容性的試驗。Bloodtyping是血型測定，ABOgrouping是ABO分型，Antigentesting是抗原檢測。7.B.Thrombocytopenia-解析：Thrombocytopenia是血小板數(shù)量異常減少。Anemia是貧血，Leukemia是白血病，Erythroblastosis是紅細(xì)胞生成異常。8.D.Alloimmunehemolyticanemia-解析：Alloimmunehemolyticanemia是指因外來抗體攻擊自身紅細(xì)胞導(dǎo)致的溶血性貧血。Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn是新生兒溶血病，Erythroblastosisfetalis是胎兒溶血病，Autoimmunehemolyticanemia是自身免疫性溶血性貧血。9.A.CompleteBloodCount-解析：CBC是全血細(xì)胞計數(shù)，包括紅細(xì)胞、白細(xì)胞和血小板等指標(biāo)。CoagulationBloodCount是凝血功能檢查，CardiovascularBloodCount是心血管血常規(guī)，ClinicalBloodCount是臨床血常規(guī)。10.B.ABOsystem-解析：ABO系統(tǒng)包括A、B和O抗原。Rhsystem是Rh系統(tǒng)，Lewissystem是Lewis系統(tǒng)，Kellsystem是Kell系統(tǒng)。二、多選題1.A,B,C,D-解析：FactorX、FactorV、FactorXIII和FactorVIII都是凝血級聯(lián)反應(yīng)中的關(guān)鍵因子。2.A,D-解析：血小板的主要功能是止血和傷口愈合。Transportingoxygen是紅細(xì)胞的職能，Immuneresponse是白細(xì)胞的功能。3.A,B,C-解析：Sicklecelldisease、Autoimmunehemolyticanemia和G6PDdeficiency均可導(dǎo)致溶血性貧血。Thalassemia是地中海貧血，通常不直接引起溶血。4.A,B,C,D-解析：鐵缺乏、維生素B12缺乏、慢性疾病和失血都是貧血的常見原因。5.A,B,C-解析：ABO和Rh分型、交叉配血試驗和抗體篩查是評估輸血兼容性的常用方法。Complementfixationtest是補體結(jié)合試驗，主要用于自身免疫性溶血性貧血的檢測。6.A,B,C,D-解析：A和B抗原、Rh抗原、Kell抗原和Duffy抗原都是常見的紅細(xì)胞抗原。7.A,B,C,D-解析：DIC的典型表現(xiàn)包括血小板減少、紫癜、瘀點出血和牙齦出血。8.A,B,C,D-解析：ITP是自身免疫性血小板減少性紫癜，化療、肝疾病和骨髓衰竭均可導(dǎo)致血小板減少。9.A,B,C,D-解析：Neutrophils、Lymphocytes、Monocytes和Eosinophils都是白細(xì)胞的不同類型。10.A,B,C,D-解析：輸血反應(yīng)、免疫調(diào)節(jié)、感染和鐵過載都是輸血的常見并發(fā)癥。三、填空題1.Plasmapheresis-解析：Plasmapheresis是血漿分離術(shù)。2.Opositive-解析：O型血沒有A或B抗原，但Rh陽性。3.Erythrocytes-解析：Erythropoietin刺激紅細(xì)胞生成。4.Autoimmunehemolyticanemia-解析：自身免疫性溶血性貧血是免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊自身紅細(xì)胞。5.Prothrombin-解析：Prothrombin在凝血過程中與鈣結(jié)合。6.Kellsystem-解析：Kell系統(tǒng)包括C、c、D、E和e抗原。7.Hemolysis-解析：Hemolysis是紅細(xì)胞破壞過程。8.ABOsystem-解析：ABO系統(tǒng)包括A、B和O抗原。9.Polycythemia-解析：Polycythemia是紅細(xì)胞增多癥。10.Lewissystem-解析：Lewis系統(tǒng)包括Lewisa和Lewisb抗原。四、簡答題1.Explainthedifferencebetweenhemolyticanemiaandaplasticanemia.-解析：Hemolyticanemia是由于紅細(xì)胞被異常破壞導(dǎo)致的貧血，病因包括自身免疫或感染。Aplasticanemia是由于骨髓造血功能衰竭導(dǎo)致的貧血，表現(xiàn)為全血細(xì)胞減少。2.Describe