形容詞與副詞重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)一形容詞和副詞的句法功能1.形容詞主要用來修飾名詞、代詞,表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征。可作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語或狀語等。Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定語)IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表語)Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主語補(bǔ)足語)Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作狀語)點(diǎn)津:(1)通常只作表語的形容詞:①以“a-”開頭的形容詞:afraid害怕的,alone孤單的,alive活著的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒著的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主語的形容詞:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。2.副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞甚至整個(gè)句子?？勺鳡钫Z、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作狀語)Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表語)Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作狀語)點(diǎn)津:(1)有些副詞并不修飾動(dòng)詞,而是修飾整個(gè)句子,表示說話人的看法。常見的這類副詞有:表遞進(jìn)besides,further,then,moreover等表結(jié)果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表轉(zhuǎn)折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表對比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列舉first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表時(shí)間meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同,另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同?？键c(diǎn)二形容詞和副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化1.大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly構(gòu)成。主要變化規(guī)律:轉(zhuǎn)換方法例詞一般情況,在形容詞詞尾直接加-lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以-le結(jié)尾,去e直接加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e結(jié)尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytrue—truly其他特殊情況以ll結(jié)尾的詞只加yfull—fully以ic結(jié)尾的詞加allyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically2.在英語中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞。需要在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。Itbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容詞)Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副詞)點(diǎn)津:下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等?？键c(diǎn)三形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級1.比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級后加-er,-est構(gòu)成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊變化見下表:特殊情況構(gòu)成方式例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾字母,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級前加more,most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily點(diǎn)津:①少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及以-er或-le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級形式common—commoner/more

common—commonest/mostcommon②表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,沒有最高級,也不能用比較級。(2)不規(guī)則形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比較等級的用法(1)基本用法①兩者相比,表示“和……一樣”,用“as+原級+as”表示。Heworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.點(diǎn)津:在同級比較中,若出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其語序?yàn)?as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Johnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②兩者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原級+as”。Itisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③兩者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比較級+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比較級+than”。Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoutcome.Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.點(diǎn)津:有些形容詞本身含有比較的意義,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(優(yōu)于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年長于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,較重要于)。④三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物比較,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the+最高級+比較范圍”。Hersonsarethemostimportantthinginherlife.(2)特殊用法①“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。Learningbecomesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越……,就越……”。Theharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原級+than”表示“與其說……不如說……”。Shelooksmoreasleepthanclever.④“morethan+主語+can+謂語”表示“非……所能;……不能”。ThebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定詞+比較級”表示肯定的最高級Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)常用句型a....倍數(shù)+as+原級+as...Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍數(shù)+比較級+than...Thenewbuildingisthreetimeshigherthantheoldone.c....倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比較級的修飾語(1)修飾比較級的常用詞和短語有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高級的修飾語有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序數(shù)詞等。Iwouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.考點(diǎn)四常用的分詞形容詞和副詞

-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別:-ed形容詞,通常說明人,意為“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容詞通常說明事物,意為“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。這樣成對的形容詞有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。Thewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.點(diǎn)津:原則上,-ed形容詞通常直接用于說明人,若修飾事物,則多為look(表情),air(神態(tài)),appearance(外貌),cry(哭聲),face(表情),voice(聲音),mood(情緒)等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。Rogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.語法填空題考法1.看到空格處修飾的是名詞,要想到用形容詞。2.看到空格處修飾的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,要想到用副詞。3.看到與than連用,要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級。4.看到and,or,but等并列連詞前或后用的比較級,要想到用比較級。5.看到語境中暗含比較含義,要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2021·全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.2.(2021·全國乙卷)Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.educatedfinancial3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill___________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the______(hot)thespring!5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour______(ache)legs.6.(2021·浙江高考)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch_______(small)thanitistoday.undoubtedlyhotterachingsmallerⅡ.語篇語法填空

Twomen1.__________(fly)toAustraliatoplayinagolfmatch.Theirteamwonandbothofthemwereawardedgreenjackets.OntheirlastnightinAustralia,theystayeduplatedrinking.Byearlymorning,theywerequitedrunk,buttheyhadtogettotheairportfortheirflight.Sotheydrovetheir2.__________(rent)cartotheairport.Theroadwas3.__________(complete)empty,butsuddenly,somethingjumpedoutinfrontofthecar.Thedrivercouldn’tstopintime,sothecarhitit.Themengotoutofthecarandfoundalargekangaroo4.__________(lie)ontheroad.Stilldrunk,oneofthemenputhisjacketonthekangaroo,andthentheyposedwithitforsome5.__________(photo).Allofasudden,thekangarooopened6.__________(it)eyes,kickedthemoverandthenranoff,wearingtheman’sjacket,where7.__________wasthekey8.__________thecar,hispassportandtwoairtickets.

9.__________(late)thatday,acyclistphonedtoreportakangaroowearingagreenjacket.Shortlyafterwards,thepolicefound10.__________hadhappened.happened.Theyarrestedthetwomen.

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了兩名男子飛往澳大利亞比賽,卻在要離開時(shí)酒后駕車。在開車去機(jī)場的路上撞到了一只袋鼠,其中一名男子還給袋鼠穿上了自己的夾克。袋鼠睜開眼睛后穿著裝有鑰匙、護(hù)照和機(jī)票的夾克跑了。一名騎自行車的人看見后向警方報(bào)告,兩名男子也最終被捕的故事。1.【解析】flew?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意:兩名男子飛往澳大利亞參加高爾夫比賽。設(shè)空處為本句話的謂語動(dòng)詞,同時(shí)根據(jù)全文語境,時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。故填flew。2.【解析】rented。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:于是他們開一輛租來的車前往機(jī)場。此處rented為過去分詞作定語修飾car。rent與car為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過去分詞形式。故填rented。3.【解析】completely?？疾楦痹~。句意:道路上空無一人,但突然有什么東西從汽車前面跳了出來。此空修飾形容詞empty,副