2025年大學(xué)《大學(xué)英語》專業(yè)題庫——英語專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、閱讀理解閱讀以下學(xué)術(shù)性段落，回答問題。Thephenomenonoflanguageattritioninbilinguals,particularlyinthosewhohaveshiftedfromaheritagelanguagetoadominantlanguage,hasgarneredsignificantattentioninlinguisticsresearchoverthepastfewdecades.Whilethelossofcertainlinguisticfeatures(likephonologicalnuancesorspecificgrammaticalmarkers)isoftenobserved,thecognitiveconsequencesofthisattritionremainasubjectofdebate.Somescholarsarguethatattritionleadstoa"weakened"linguisticsystem,potentiallyimpactingcognitiveflexibility.However,alternativeperspectivessuggestthatattritionmightleadtoamorestreamlinedorefficientcognitiverepresentationoflanguage,possiblyevenenhancingmeta-linguisticawareness.Empiricalstudiesemployingtasksmeasuringgrammaticaljudgment,lexicalaccess,andphonologicalrecallhaveproducedmixedresults.Forinstance,whilesomestudiesshowdecrementsintheperformanceofheritagelanguagespeakersoncertainheritagelanguage-specifictasks,othersfindnosignificantdifferencesorevenadvantagesinspecificcognitivedomainswhencomparedtomonolinguals.Thevariabilityinfindingslikelystemsfromfactorssuchasthedegreeofattrition,ageofacquisitionandloss,immersionintheheritagelanguageenvironment,andthespecificmethodologiesemployed.Understandingthecognitivelandscapeshapedbylanguageattritioniscrucialnotonlyfortheoreticallinguisticsbutalsofordevelopingeffectivelanguagerevitalizationprogramsandeducationalinterventionsforbilingualindividuals.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthecentralcontroversyregardinglanguageattrition?2.Whatspecifictypesoflinguisticfeaturesmentionedinthepassageareoftenassociatedwithlanguageattrition?3.Whatevidenceispresentedinthepassagetosupporttheideathatlanguageattritionmighthavepositivecognitiveeffects?4.Theauthormentionsseveralfactorsthatcaninfluencetheresultsofstudiesonlanguageattrition.Listthreeofthesefactors.5.Whatisthepotentialpracticalsignificanceofstudyinglanguageattrition,assuggestedbythepassage?二、學(xué)術(shù)寫作YouareagraduatestudentinEnglishLiterature.Yoursupervisorhasaskedyoutowriteashortparagraph(approximately120-150words)summarizingthemainargumentandkeyevidencepresentedbytheauthorofthepassageabove(theoneonlanguageattrition).Yoursummaryshouldclearlyidentifytheauthor'scentralthesisandbrieflyoutlinethemainpointsusedtosupportit.三、學(xué)術(shù)語境下的語言運(yùn)用Rewritethefollowingsentencetomakeitmoresuitableforuseinaformalacademiccontext.Focusonclarity,precision,andgrammaticalcorrectness.*"Like,manypeoplethinkthatusingtoomuchtechnologyisbadforyourbrain,butlike,someexpertsaresayingthatitmightactuallyhelpyouthinkbetter."四、文獻(xiàn)引用規(guī)范Considerthefollowingsentence,whichincludesacitation:*"Shakespeare'suseofiambicpentameterhasbeenwidelyanalyzedforitsrhythmicqualities(Smith,2020)."Identifythetypeofcitationstylelikelybeingused(e.g.,APA,MLA,Chicago)basedonthisexample.Explainbrieflywhyyouarriveatthisconclusion.Donotlistthespecificrulesofthestyle;justidentifyitandprovideyourreasoning.試卷答案一、閱讀理解1.Whetherlanguageattritionleadstocognitiveweakeningorpotentialenhancement.2.Phonologicalnuancesorspecificgrammaticalmarkers.3.Thepassagesuggeststhatenhancedmeta-linguisticawarenessoradvantagesinspecificcognitivedomains(comparedtomonolinguals)mightresultfromattrition,asproposedbyalternativeperspectives.4.Degreeofattrition,ageofacquisitionandloss,immersionintheheritagelanguageenvironment,specificmethodologiesemployed.5.Itisimportantfortheoreticallinguisticsandfordevelopingeffectivelanguagerevitalizationprogramsandeducationalinterventionsforbilingualindividuals.解析思路：1.問題解析：此題要求找出文章的核心爭議點(diǎn)。文章首段明確提出了關(guān)于語言磨損“導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知靈活性減弱”和“可能導(dǎo)致更高效或更流利的認(rèn)知語言表征”的兩種對立觀點(diǎn)（"weakened...linguisticsystem"vs."morestreamlinedorefficientcognitiverepresentation"），因此答案聚焦于這種利弊之爭。2.問題解析：此題要求識別文章中具體提到的、通常與語言磨損相關(guān)的語言特征。文章第二句明確提到了“phonologicalnuancesorspecificgrammaticalmarkers”（語音的微妙之處或特定的語法標(biāo)記），這些是可能的答案。3.問題解析：此題要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，找出支持磨損可能帶來積極認(rèn)知影響的證據(jù)。文章第三段提到了“alternativeperspectivessuggestthatattritionmightleadtoamorestreamlinedorefficientcognitiverepresentationoflanguage,possiblyevenenhancingmeta-linguisticawareness”（磨損可能導(dǎo)致更精簡或更高效的認(rèn)知語言表征，甚至可能增強(qiáng)元語言意識）。雖然原文未直接用實(shí)證研究證明，但這段話代表了這種觀點(diǎn)，因此將其作為答案。4.問題解析：此題要求列舉影響磨損研究結(jié)果的三個因素。文章第四段明確列出了幾個可能影響研究結(jié)果的變量（"factorssuchasthedegreeofattrition,ageofacquisitionandloss,immersionintheheritagelanguageenvironment,andthespecificmethodologiesemployed"），從中選擇三個即可。5.問題解析：此題要求說明研究語言磨損的潛在實(shí)際意義。文章最后一段指出了其在“理論語言學(xué)”和“發(fā)展有效的語言復(fù)興計(jì)劃及針對雙語人士的教育干預(yù)措施”方面的意義（"crucialnotonlyfortheoreticallinguisticsbutalsofordevelopingeffectivelanguagerevitalizationprogramsandeducationalinterventionsforbilingualindividuals"）。二、學(xué)術(shù)寫作[學(xué)生需根據(jù)第一題提供的閱讀段落，撰寫一個約120-150詞的總結(jié)性段落。段落應(yīng)包含以下要素：]*清晰轉(zhuǎn)述作者的核心論點(diǎn)（關(guān)于語言磨損認(rèn)知后果的爭議）。*簡要概述支持該爭議的主要觀點(diǎn)（例如，認(rèn)知減弱論、認(rèn)知增強(qiáng)論）。*使用恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)詞匯和客觀語氣。*確保內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確反映原文信息，并進(jìn)行有效的概括。三、學(xué)術(shù)語境下的語言運(yùn)用Usingtechnologicaldevicesexcessivelymayhaveadverseeffectsoncognitivefunctions;however,certainexpertscontendthatsu