Ⅰ.認(rèn)閱讀單詞1．bonen．骨頭；骨(質(zhì))2．shelln．殼；殼狀物3．carvevt.&vi.雕刻4．dynastyn．王朝；朝代5．dialectn．地方話；方言6．CE(＝CommonEra)公元7．tonguen．舌頭；語(yǔ)言8．semestern．學(xué)期9．pantsn．[pl.](BrE)內(nèi)褲；短褲；(especiallyNAmE)褲子Ⅱ.記重點(diǎn)單詞1．billionn．十億2．nativeadj.本地的n．本地人3．a(chǎn)ttituden．態(tài)度；看法4．systemn．體系；制度；系統(tǒng)5．despiteprep.即使；盡管6．factorn．因素；要素7．symboln．符號(hào)；象征8．meansn．方式；方法；途徑9．classicadj.傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的n．經(jīng)典作品；名著10．regardn．尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待11．charactern．文字；符號(hào)；角色；品質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)12．calligraphyn．書(shū)法；書(shū)法藝術(shù)13．a(chǎn)ffairn．公共事務(wù)；事件；關(guān)系14．strugglen．&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗15．petroln．(NAmEgas)汽油16．subwayn．(BrEunderground)地鐵17．a(chǎn)partmentn．(especiallyNAmE)公寓套房18．gapn．間隔；開(kāi)口；差距19．vocabularyn．詞匯Ⅲ.知拓展單詞1．referencen．指稱關(guān)系；參考→refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征的)→basevt.以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；根據(jù)→basisn．基礎(chǔ)→basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的3．varietyn．(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→varyv．變化；不同→variousadj.各種各樣的4．majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；專門(mén)研究→majorityn．大多數(shù)5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen．地球；地球儀6．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值→appreciationn．感激；欣賞→appreciativeadj.感激的7．specificadj.特定的；明確的；具體的→specificallyadv.特定地；明確地8．begvt.懇求；祈求；哀求→beggarn．乞丐9．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等10．demandn．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)→demandingadj.要求高的11．descriptionn．描寫(xiě)(文字)；形容→describevt.描述12．relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的→relationn．關(guān)系→relationshipn．關(guān)系Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱2．upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱3．dateback(to...)追溯到4．pointofview觀點(diǎn)；看法5．relateto與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到6．beknownfor因?yàn)椤?．a(chǎn)tthebeginning起初8．leadto導(dǎo)致9．playarolein在……中發(fā)揮作用1．a(chǎn)ppealv．對(duì)……有吸引力；將……上訴；呼吁2．a(chǎn)ppetiten．食欲；嗜好3．a(chǎn)pproachvt.&vi.接近；靠近n．方法4．a(chǎn)ppropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?．a(chǎn)pprovevt.批準(zhǔn)；通過(guò)vi.贊成6．a(chǎn)pproximatelyadv.大約7．a(chǎn)rbitraryadj.任意的；武斷的8．a(chǎn)ssessvt.評(píng)定；估價(jià)1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)這之所以成為可能有很多原因，其中一個(gè)主要因素就是中國(guó)書(shū)寫(xiě)體系。2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.(where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)秦始皇統(tǒng)一七個(gè)諸侯國(guó)后，在這個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家里，漢字書(shū)寫(xiě)體系開(kāi)始朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。3．ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.(beof＋抽象名詞)這種書(shū)寫(xiě)體系在凝聚中華民族和中華文化方面具有重要意義。4．Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(nomatterwhere引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句)即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說(shuō)何種方言，中國(guó)人都仍能通過(guò)書(shū)寫(xiě)(文字)進(jìn)行交流。5．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)漢字也成為連接中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的一個(gè)重要媒介。6．AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.(as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)際學(xué)生開(kāi)始通過(guò)漢語(yǔ)這一奇妙的語(yǔ)言了解和欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。eq\x(despite，refer，specific，demand，relate，appreciate，variety，date)When1.referringtoEnglish，weknowEnglishiswidelyusedinglobalaffairs.NomatterwhatkindofEnglishpeoplearespeaking，nativespeakershavenotroubleunderstandingthewordslike“gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester”andotherwords2.despitethesmalldifferencesinvocabulary.ButstudentswhosemothertongueisnotEnglisharestrugglingwithbillionsofwords.Ontheotherhand，fromforeigners’pointofview，Chineseisregardedasa3.demandinglanguage.Firstly，themajorlanguagewhichiscalledPuTongHuainChinaishardenoughtolearn，letalone4.varietiesofdialects.Secondly，Chinesecharactersareabstractsymbolsforthem.Thewritingsystem,5.datingbacktotheShangDynastywhenpeoplecarvedsomethingwith6.specificmeaningsonbonesorshells，islikestrangepictures.However，basedonthecommon7.appreciationofthesecharacters，someclassicworksarestillreadnowandbythismeanswecanknowmoreabouttheupsanddownsinancienttimes.Besides，calligraphyisalsoanartformclosely8.relatedtoChineseculture.Ibegallthepeopleholdapositiveattitudetobothlanguages，whichareofequalimportance.Tobridgethegapbetweencultures，bynomeansshouldwegiveuplearningthemwell.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于(referencen．提及，涉及；參考；參考書(shū)目)?referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱refer...to...把……提交給……；讓(人)參考……referto...as...把……稱作……?in/withreferencetosb./sth.關(guān)于referencebooks/material參考書(shū)/參考資料(1)Hereferred(refer)tothesystemthatwasrelatedtothewelfareofbillionsofpeopleattheconference.(2)TheyalwaysrefertomeasabookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoreading.(3)我寫(xiě)信尋求您的關(guān)于什么樣的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化最吸引外國(guó)人的建議。(2021·全國(guó)甲，書(shū)面表達(dá))Iamwritingtoaskforyouradvicein/withreferencetowhatkindsoftraditionalChineseculturesappealtoforeignersmost.(4)如果你遇到了不認(rèn)識(shí)的字，我強(qiáng)烈建議你查閱參考書(shū)或者向他人求助。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon’tknow，Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)refertoreferencebooksorturntoothersforhelp.basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；根據(jù)(basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的basisn．基礎(chǔ))?base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)?onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期onthebasisof在……的基礎(chǔ)上(1)Onthebasis(base)ofwhatyoushow，Ifirmlybelievethatyoucanbequalifiedfortheposition.(2)隊(duì)員們需要每天放學(xué)之后接受訓(xùn)練，并且定期被提供機(jī)會(huì)去觀摩乒乓球賽。Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandtheyarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletenniscompetitionsonaregularbasis.(3)我寫(xiě)信告知你一些基本的餐桌禮儀?；谥袊?guó)的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，你應(yīng)該先讓長(zhǎng)者用餐。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之告知信)Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomebasictablemanners.BasedontraditionalChinesecustoms，youshouldlettheelderlyeatfirst.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修，專門(mén)研究n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生(majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù))?majorin主修……?anEnglishmajor一個(gè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生?a/themajorityof大多數(shù)ina/themajority占大多數(shù)(1)InspiredbythebeautyofChinesecharacters，Iwillmajorincalligraphyatuniversityinthefuture.(2)有些人中途放棄了，但是大部分參賽者都成功跑到了終點(diǎn)。(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Somepeoplegaveuphalfway，butthemajorityoftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.(3)為我投票的人占大多數(shù)，因此我被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。Thosewhohavevotedformeareinthe/amajority，soIamelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.meansn．方法；方式；途徑ameansof一種……的方法(means單復(fù)數(shù)同形)byallmeans可以；當(dāng)然行；沒(méi)問(wèn)題bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans絕不，無(wú)論如何也不，一點(diǎn)都不(置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝)(1)Watchingfilmswasregardedasameansofentertainmentwhenwewereyoung.(2)Ancientpeoplerecordedwhathadhappenedbymeansofcarvingvarietiesofsymbolswithspecificmeaningsontoshellsorbones.(3)Everymeanshasbeentried(try)sofar，butwestillcan’tsolvetheproblem.(4)沒(méi)有Paul的好心幫忙，Mac絕不會(huì)赤手空拳把狼嚇跑。①M(fèi)accouldbynomeansscarethewolfoff/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.②BynomeanscouldMacscarethewolfoff/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.(用倒裝句改寫(xiě))appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值(appreciationn．欣賞；感激)appreciate(one’s)doingsth.喜歡/感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激。(1)如果您能盡早回復(fù)我，我將非常感激。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之結(jié)尾句)①I(mǎi)wouldreallyappreciateyourreplyingtomeatyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateone’sdoing)②Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.(appreciateitif...)(2)我寫(xiě)信來(lái)表達(dá)一下我對(duì)你的感激之情，感謝我在倫敦逗留期間你為我所做的一切。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之感謝信)I’mwritingtoexpressmyappreciationforwhatyoudidformeduringmystayinLondon.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)?；能勝任的v．與……相等，等于；比得上(equalityn．平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同樣地)?bewithoutequal＝havenoequal無(wú)與倫比?beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/勝任(做)某事?equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得過(guò)、敵得過(guò)某人/物(1)Frommypointofview，MichaelJordaniswithoutequalinplayingbasketball.(2)首先，沒(méi)人在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)方面比得過(guò)我。同樣重要的是我擅長(zhǎng)與其他人交流。因此，我堅(jiān)信我勝任博覽會(huì)志愿者的工作。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之申請(qǐng)信)Firstly，nobodycanequalmeinoralEnglish.EquallyimportantisthatIamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.SoIholdthefirmbeliefthatIamequaltothejobasavolunteerforthefair.demandn．需求；要求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)(demandingadj.要求高的)?demandtodosth.要求做某事demandthat...要求……(從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)?bein(great)demand需求量大meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)滿足某人的需求(1)Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demanding(demand)jobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.(2020·浙江)(2)SciencegraduatesareingreaterdemandthanliberalartsonesinChina.(3)我要求在山間騎馬。為了滿足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父親順著這條道走，以防迷路。Idemandedtotakeahorserideinthemountains.Tomeet/satisfymydemands，myuncledemandedthatmyfatherandI(should)keeptothetrackincasewecouldgetlost.dateback(to...)(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接時(shí)間點(diǎn))dateback(＝goback)追溯；上溯(后接時(shí)間段)我向你強(qiáng)烈推薦的旅游景點(diǎn)是始于公元前478年的孔廟。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之推薦信)(1)ThetouristattractionIstronglyrecommendtoyouisConfuciusTemplethat/whichdatesbackto478BC.(定語(yǔ)從句)(2)ThetouristattractionIstronglyrecommendtoyouisConfuciusTempledatingbackto478BC.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))用法點(diǎn)撥dateback(to)一般只用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.這種書(shū)寫(xiě)體系在凝聚中華民族和中華文化方面具有重要意義?！癰eof＋抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于“be＋形容詞”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，這些名詞可用great，little，some，any，no，not，much等修飾，用以說(shuō)明程度。(1)在我看來(lái)，保持在線學(xué)習(xí)和我們生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全國(guó)乙，書(shū)面表達(dá))Frommypointofview，strikingabalancebetweenonlinelearningandourlifeisofgreatimportance/significance.(2)你給我們的建議證明很有價(jià)值。沒(méi)有它我們不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想。Theadviceyougaveusprovedtobeofgreatvalue，withoutwhichwecouldn’thaveachievedourdreams.(3)參加課外活動(dòng)對(duì)你的整體發(fā)展有益。Takingpartinextra-curricularactivitiesisofgreatbenefit/helptoyouroveralldevelopment.Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說(shuō)何種方言，中國(guó)人都仍能通過(guò)書(shū)寫(xiě)文字進(jìn)行交流。?“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句前或主句后。?whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen/where/how。?whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(1)無(wú)論你何時(shí)需要幫助，我真誠(chéng)地希望你能毫不猶豫地聯(lián)系我。Whenever/Nomatterwhenyouneedhelp，Isincerelyhopethatyoucangetintouchwithmewithouthesitation.(2)無(wú)論我多么忙，每天我都會(huì)勻出一些時(shí)間幫助來(lái)自美國(guó)的交換生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，并且告訴他們更多我們的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)。However/NomatterhowbusyIam，IwillsparesometimeeverydaytohelptheexchangestudentsfromtheUSAwithChineseandtellthemmoreaboutourcustomsandtraditions.(3)任何人觸犯法律都會(huì)受到懲罰。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．refertoeq\x(A.指的是B.提到C.查閱)(1)Whynotrefertoadictionarytocheckthespellingoftheword？C(2)Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.B(3)Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatoffersgoodsandservices.A2．charactereq\x(A.性格B.特色；特征C.人物；角色D.符號(hào)；文字E.品性；道德品質(zhì))(1)Asweallknow，Chinesecharactersarequitedifficulttomemorize.D(2)TomCruiseisaleadingcharacterinthisfilm.C(3)Shehasacheerfulbutquietcharacter.A(4)Thecityinvested6billionyuantopreservethecharacteroftheoldtown.B(5)Sportscanbegoodforcharacterbuilding.E3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Ourcarsaretheequalsofthoseproducedanywhereintheworld.相等物(2)UntilthendidIfullyappreciatewhatmyparentshaddoneforme.理解；明白Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofimportance(important)topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.2．Humanbeingsareregarded(regard)aspartofnatureandtheonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.3．Thetsunamireferred(refer)tointhereportsweptawayabout2,000people，shockingtherestofthecountry.4．ThenovelwhichwaspopularwithreaderswasbasedonanearthquakewhichstruckWenchuanin2008.5．Thetowerdating(date)backtotheMingDynastywasseriouslydestroyedintheflood.6．Thereisnodenyingthathumanbeingshavesufferedalotonaccountofvarieties(variety)ofdisasters.7．Fortunately，theysurvivedthefirebymeansofbreathingthroughawettowel.8．Allthestudentsdemandtosupply(supply)themselveswithmorenovels.9．Allinall，Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsupplyuswithtimelyandgeneroushelp.10．Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatwisdomandeffortsareequally(equal)importantforsuccess.Ⅰ.單句寫(xiě)作——應(yīng)用文增分練建議信——參觀故宮(theForbiddenCity)1．得知你要參觀可追溯到明朝的故宮，我寫(xiě)信給你一些建議。(datebackto)LearningthatyouwillvisittheForbiddenCitydatingbackto/thatdatesbackto/whichdatesbacktotheMingDynasty，Iamwritingtoofferyousometips.2．基于你匱乏關(guān)于故宮的知識(shí)，你最好提前查閱相關(guān)資料。(basedon；referto)Basedonyourlackofknowledgeaboutit，you’