第04講閱讀理解高頻詞、高頻短語目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】單項選擇題高頻詞基礎(chǔ)練【題型二】單項選擇題高頻短語基礎(chǔ)練02重難創(chuàng)新練03真題實戰(zhàn)練題型一閱讀理解高頻詞基礎(chǔ)練單項選擇1．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Thetwinsresembleverymuchinappearance.Wecouldn’t_________themout.A．figure B．carryC．spot D．turn【答案】C【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這對雙胞胎長得很像，我們看不出來。A.figure計算；B.carry拿，搬，扛；C.spot注意到；D.turn（使）轉(zhuǎn)動，旋轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)“Thetwinsresembleverymuchinappearance”可知，這里考查動詞spot，動詞短語spotout，意為“看出”。故選C?！疽族e提醒】本題出現(xiàn)閱讀障礙詞resemble,v.“相像”。spot一詞多義，此處為動詞，表示“認(rèn)出，識別”。2．（2024高三·廣東廣州·階段練習(xí)）Ithasbeen________thatthisdrugiseffective.A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這藥已被證實是有效的。A.composed組成；B.prescribed開處方；C.restrained制止；D.demonstrated證明。根據(jù)句意可知，已被證實，這種藥是有效的。故選D項。3．（2024高三·廣東廣州·高三模擬）Ticketsarelimitedandwillbe________tothosewhoapplyfirst.A．relieved B．a(chǎn)llocated C．a(chǎn)lleviated D．investigated【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：門票有限，將分配給最先申請的人。A.relieved減輕；B.allocated分配；C.alleviated減輕；D.investigated調(diào)查。結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)表達(dá)“分配”，故用allocate，與主語Tickets為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，與空前的willbe構(gòu)成一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故選B?！久麕燑c撥】選項中動詞詞義如果熟練掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化語法，強調(diào)語境。故考生應(yīng)當(dāng)擴大詞匯量，掌握句子成分劃分技巧，便可輕松理解句意。4．（2024高三·廣東·模擬預(yù)測）Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwill________afullinvestigationintotheaccident.A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司已宣布將對事故進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。A.advocate提倡；B.exceed超過；C.distribute分配；D.undertake承擔(dān)。根據(jù)后文“afullinvestigationintotheaccident”可知，應(yīng)是“承擔(dān)全部的事故調(diào)查”之意，undertake符合語境。故選D項。5．（23-24高三·廣東東莞·考試）Atanytime,wemust________greatimportancetotheworkofspeedingupdevelopingnewproducts.A．a(chǎn)ttach B．a(chǎn)ppeal C．stick D．commit【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在任何時候，我們都必須高度重視加快開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的工作。A.attach賦予，認(rèn)為……具有；B.appeal呼吁；C.stick粘，貼；D.commit犯（罪、錯）。由“theworkofspeedingupdevelopingnewproducts”可知，句子表示“在任何時候，我們都必須高度重視加快開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的工作”，“高度重視”是固定短語attachgreatimportanceto，因此空格處是attach。故選A。6．（23-24高三·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí)）Asymphonyorchestrais__________ofavarietyofbrass,woodwind,percussionandstringedinstruments.A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded【答案】C【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：交響樂團由各種銅管樂器、木管樂器、打擊樂器和弦樂器組成。A.consisted構(gòu)成；B.compared比較；C.composed組成；D.concluded推斷出。becomposedof由……組成；consistof由……組成，不用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“avarietyofbrass,woodwind,percussionandstringedinstruments.”可知，交響樂團由各種銅管樂器、木管樂器、打擊樂器和弦樂器組成。故選C。7．（23-24高三·福建廈門·期中）Thepublic________thegovernmentfortakingpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.A．exploited B．a(chǎn)pplauded C．dismissed D．a(chǎn)rrested【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：公眾贊揚政府采取切實措施保護環(huán)境。A.exploited剝削；B.applauded鼓掌，贊揚；C.dismissed解雇；D.arrested逮捕。政府采取切實措施保護環(huán)境，公眾表示贊揚，applaud...for...表示“為某事贊揚某人”，符合句子的語境。故選B項。8．（23-24高三·福建廈門·期中）Byjoiningtheclub,notonlyhaveI________basicwritingskills,butIalsomadesomenewfriendswithsimilarhobbies.A．deserved B．calculated C．categorized D．a(chǎn)cquired【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過加入俱樂部，我不僅獲得了基本的寫作技能，而且還結(jié)識了一些有著相似愛好的新朋友。A.deserved值得；B.calculated計算；C.categorized分類；D.acquired獲得。加入俱樂部的好處之一是獲得了基本的寫作技能，acquireskills意味著獲得或取得技能，與句子的語境相符合。故選D項。9．（23-24高三·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）SomeregardAIasapotentialmajorthreattohumans.However,others_________thisfear.A．a(chǎn)ppreciate B．dismiss C．a(chǎn)ddress D．recall【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一些人認(rèn)為人工智能是對人類的潛在重大威脅。然而，其他人對這種擔(dān)憂不屑一顧。A.appreciate欣賞，感激；B.dismiss不考慮，不理會；C.address演講；D.recall回想。根據(jù)“SomeregardAIasapotentialmajorthreattohumans”及“However”可知，其他的人不考慮這種擔(dān)憂。故選B。10．（23-24高三·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）Onarrivalatthevillage,theauthorwas_________warmlybylocalvillagers.A．recorded B．recognized C．received D．refreshed【答案】C【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了當(dāng)?shù)卮迕竦臒崆榻哟?。A.recorded記錄；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.received接待；D.refreshed使恢復(fù)精神。根據(jù)“warmlybylocalvillagers”可知，此處表示受到當(dāng)?shù)卮迕竦臒崆榻哟?。故選C。11．（23-24高三·福建寧德·階段練習(xí)）Thesearticles________theproblemsofthemodernworld,includingracerelationsandcommunitydevelopment.A．a(chǎn)ddress B．a(chǎn)ccelerateC．a(chǎn)ccumulate D．disturb【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些文章討論了現(xiàn)代世界的問題，包括種族關(guān)系和社區(qū)發(fā)展。A.address演說，解決；B.accelerate加速；C.accumulate積累；D.disturb打擾。根據(jù)后文theproblems指討論了現(xiàn)代世界的問題，應(yīng)用address。故選A。12．（23-24高三·上?！て谥校㏒omeanimalandplantspeciesgraduallywentextinctbecausetheycouldn’t_________totherapidlychangingconditionsinthisarea.A．fall B．a(chǎn)ccommodate C．belong D．contribute【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一些動植物物種因為不能適應(yīng)這一地區(qū)迅速變化的環(huán)境而逐漸滅絕。A.fallto開始做某事；B.accommodateto適應(yīng)；C.belongto屬于；D.contributeto有助于。根據(jù)后文“therapidlychangingconditionsinthisarea”指適應(yīng)這一地區(qū)迅速變化的環(huán)境，故選B。13．（23-24高三·上?！て谥校〢partfromteachingFrench,Martin_________tennisinhissparetime.A．coached B．a(chǎn)ddressed C．batted D．greeted【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除了教法語外，馬丁在業(yè)余時間還做網(wǎng)球教練。A.coachv.當(dāng)教練；B.addressv.解決，處理；C.batv.用球棒擊球；D.greetv.同…打招呼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要動詞coach，“當(dāng)教練”符合句意。故選A。14．（2023·天津·一模）Theearliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans’earliestmeansof_________goodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead.A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：毫無疑問，最早的旅行方式是步行，人類最早的運輸貨物的方式是背上或頭上負(fù)重。A.innovating改革；B.transporting運輸；

C.producing生產(chǎn)；D.

measuring測量。根據(jù)后文“goodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead”可知是在說明人類最早的運輸貨物的方式是背上或頭上負(fù)重。故選B。15．（23-24高三·江蘇蘇州·期中）Fossilfuelsarenon-renewable,whosereserveswillbeuseduponedayinthefuture.Incontrast,renewableenergysourcesarebasically__________,andwillbeavailabletousforafewbillionmoreyears.A．inadequate B．inexhaustible C．inaccessible D．inflexible【答案】B【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其儲量總有一天會用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不盡用之不竭的，而且在幾十億年后我們還可以使用。A.inadequate不充足的；B.inexhaustible取之不盡，用之不竭的；C.inaccessible達(dá)不到的；D.inflexible僵硬的。根據(jù)下文“willbeavailabletousforafewbillionmoreyears.(在幾十億年后我們還可以使用)”可推理出上文說的是可再生能源是取之不盡，用之不竭的，故選B項。16．（23-24高三·江蘇蘇州·階段練習(xí)）WhenIreceivedtheacceptanceletterfrommydreamuniversity,Iwas_________.Icouldn’tcontainmyjoyandexcitement.A．nervous B．ecstatic C．embarrassed D．furious【答案】B【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我收到我夢寐以求的大學(xué)的錄取通知書時，我欣喜若狂。我無法抑制我的喜悅和興奮。A.nervous焦慮的；B.ecstatic狂喜的；C.embarrassed尷尬；D.furious激烈的。根據(jù)后文“Icouldn’tcontainmyjoyandexcitement.”可知，“我”非常高興。故選B項。17．（23-24高三·福建廈門·期中）Thehardestpartofgoingbacktocollegewasfeeling________aboutthetimeIspentawayfrommykids.A．ridiculous B．confident C．guilty D．excited【答案】C【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：回到大學(xué)最困難的地方在于我對離開孩子的時間感到內(nèi)疚。A.ridiculous荒謬的；B.confident自信的；C.guilty內(nèi)疚的；D.excited興奮的。由“thetimeIspentawayfrommykids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身邊的時間變少了，為此“我”感到內(nèi)疚，選擇guilty一詞，故選C項。18．（23-24高三·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）WiththedevelopmentofAI,thelinebetweenhumansandrobotswillbemore_________inthefuture.A．a(chǎn)bsurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred【答案】D【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，未來人類和機器人之間的界限將更加模糊。A.absurd荒謬的；B.violent暴力的；C.urgent緊急的，迫切的；D.blurred模糊不清的。根據(jù)前文“WiththedevelopmentofAI(隨著人工智能的發(fā)展)”可推知，有了人工智能的幫助，機器人更加智能化，與人類之間的界限不再清晰，會變得更加模糊。故選D項。19．（23-24高三·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）Clairefoundit_________thatshe,ahumanbeing,wasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot.A．superior B．ridiculous C．straightforward D．thrilling【答案】B【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：克萊爾覺得她作為一個人類，竟然得到一個機器人的同情，這太荒謬了。A.superior優(yōu)越的；B.ridiculous荒謬的；C.straightforward直率的；D.thrilling令人興奮的。根據(jù)“ahumanbeing,wasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot.”可知，克萊爾認(rèn)為作為人類被機器人同情是荒謬的。故選B。20．（23-24高三·福建廈門·期中）TheiconicBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthe“Bird’sNest”,hasa________of80,000.A．distribution B．capacity C．profile D．frequency【答案】B【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：標(biāo)志性的北京國家體育場，也被稱為“鳥巢”，能容納8萬人。A.distribution分布；B.capacity容量；C.profile輪廓，概況；D.frequency頻率。capacity意為“容量”，可以表示北京國家體育場能容納8萬人，符合句子的語境，故選B項。題型二閱讀理解高頻短語基礎(chǔ)練單項選擇21．（23-24高三·江蘇蘇州·期中）AlthoughIwasdisappointedatthattime,__________itisagoodthingIdidnotgetthatjobbecauseitwouldputmefarawayfrommyfamily.A．inaway B．inmyway C．bynomeans D．byallmeans【答案】A【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：雖然我當(dāng)時很失望，但從某種程度上說，我沒有得到那份工作是件好事，因為它會讓我遠(yuǎn)離我的家人。A.inaway在某種程度上；B.inmyway用我的方式，擋我的道；C.bynomeans一點也不，絕不；D.byallmeans必定，一定。上文提到“雖然我當(dāng)時很失望”，下文提到“我沒有得到那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此處表示從某種程度上說沒有得到那份工作是件好事。故選A。22．（23-24高三·江蘇蘇州·期中）Asthesunbegantorise,adeepsenseofwell-being__________me.Isuddenlyfeltfullofhopeandenergyagain.A．hungover B．fellover C．turnedover D．washedover【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)太陽開始升起時，一種深深的幸福感涌上心頭。我突然覺得又充滿了希望和活力。A.hungover宿醉；B.fellover跌倒；C.turnedover翻轉(zhuǎn)；D.washedover涌上心頭。根據(jù)空格前的adeepsenseofwell-being可知，此處指“深深的幸福感涌上心頭”。故選D。23．（23-24高三·江蘇蘇州·期中）Wearerunningaflowershop,andfemales__________thevastmajorityofourcustomers.A．a(chǎn)ccountfor B．kickoff C．giveriseto D．takein【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們開了一家花店，顧客中絕大多數(shù)是女性。A.accountfor占比，解釋；B.kickoff開始，踢開；C.giveriseto引起，導(dǎo)致；D.takein理解。根據(jù)后文“thevastmajorityofourcustomers”此處指女性占顧客的多數(shù)，應(yīng)用accountfor。故選A。24．（2024·山東泰安·一模）TheconflictbetweenRussiaandUkraine________ontheFeb.24th,2022.A．stoodout B．gotthrough C．tookin D．brokeout【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：俄烏沖突于2022年2月24日爆發(fā)。A.stoodout脫穎而出，突出；B.gotthrough結(jié)束，打通（電話）；C.tookin吸收，領(lǐng)會；D.brokeout爆發(fā)。結(jié)合TheconflictbetweenRussiaandUkraine可知，空格處應(yīng)表達(dá)“爆發(fā)”，事情發(fā)生在過去，故時態(tài)用一般過去時，故用breakout的過去式brokeout。故選D。25．（23-24高三·廣東東莞·考試）Weshould________thedisagreementsbetweenbothsidesonhowtobuildupascientific,strict,flexibleandeffectivesysteminordertofurtherpromotecloserrelationship.A．putaside B．putup C．putaway D．putdown【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該拋開雙方在如何建立一個科學(xué)、嚴(yán)格、靈活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)更緊密的關(guān)系。A.putaside把……放在一邊；B.putup張貼；C.putaway收起，放好；D.putdown放下。由“inordertofurtherpromotecloserrelationship”可知，句子表示“我們應(yīng)該拋開雙方在如何建立一個科學(xué)、嚴(yán)格、靈活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)更緊密的關(guān)系”，空格處意為“把……放在一邊”，故選A。26．（23-24高三·廣東東莞·開學(xué)考試）—DidJohnsonpasstheexamination?—No.Oftenstayinguplatemadehimathisworst________physicalsituation.A．infavorof B．intermsof C．inchargeof D．incaseof【答案】B【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：——約翰遜考試及格了嗎？——沒有。就身體狀況而言，經(jīng)常熬夜使他處于最糟糕的狀態(tài)。A.infavorof贊成；B.intermsof就……而言；C.inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)；D.incaseof萬一。結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)使用intermsof符合語境，即就身體狀況這一方面而言，情況最差。故選B項。27．（23-24高三·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí)）Workhardandpractisemore,andyoureffortwill__________.A．payoff B．giveway C．carryon D．burstonto【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：努力工作，多練習(xí)，你的努力會得到回報的。A.payoff得到回報；B.giveway讓步；C.carryon繼續(xù)；D.burstonto突然出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“Workhardandpractisemore,”可知，努力會得到回報。故選A。28．（22-23高三·河南南陽·階段練習(xí)）Youshouldn’t_________thatItakecareofyourpetdog.A．takeiteasy B．takeitforgranted C．takeitseriously D．takeyourtime【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為我照顧你的寵物狗是理所當(dāng)然的。A.takeiteasy別急，沉住氣；B.

takeitforgranted認(rèn)為這理所當(dāng)然；C.

takeitseriously認(rèn)真對待它；D.

takeyourtime慢慢來。takeitforgrantedthat...意為“認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然”，其中it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。根據(jù)句中的thatItakecareofyourpetdog可知，選B。29．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Bears_________fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A．packup B．buildup C．bringup D．takeup【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：熊在整個夏天到秋天都在儲存脂肪，以便有足夠的能量讓他們度過冬眠期。A.packup整理；把……打包；B.buildup逐漸積聚，增進(jìn)；加強；C.bringup教育；養(yǎng)育；D.takeup拿起，開始從事，據(jù)（時間，地方）。此處考查動詞短語buildupfatstores，意為“積累脂肪儲備”，故選B項。30．（2024高三·天津·模擬）WhenyouarefacedwithobstaclesinSenior3,trynottoletdiscouragingthoughts_______.Beoptimisticandtrustyourself,andyou’llmakeit.A．takeover B．takeup C．takeon D．takein【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)你在高三遇到障礙時，盡量不要讓沮喪的想法占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。樂觀一點，相信自己，你會成功的。A.takeover接管，控制，取代，占上風(fēng)；B.takeup占用（時間），占據(jù)（空間）；C.takeon呈現(xiàn)；D.takein欺騙，理解，吸收。根據(jù)空前的letdiscouragingthoughts可知，這里指讓沮喪的想法占上風(fēng)。故選A。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Passage1體裁：說明文主題：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AnewstudyledbyresearchersattheYaleSchoolofPublicHealthfindsairpollutionmaynegativelyimpactstandardizedtestscores.UsingdatafromtheNorthCarolinaEducationResearchDataCenter,theresearcherstracked2.8millionpublicschoolstudentsinNorthCarolinafrom2001to2018andmeasuredtheirexposuretoPM2.5foundinpollutedair.Whilepreviousresearchhasshownnegativeeffectsonacademicperformance,ithasreliedonrelativelysmallorlessrepresentativesamples.“ThebiggeststrengthofthisstudyisthatwetrackedeverystudentinNorthCarolinainthoseyears,forthewholetimeperiodthattheywereinthepublicschools,”saidEmmaZang,coauthorofthestudy.Thestudyalsofindsthattestscoresofethnicminoritiesandgirlsaredisproportionately(不成比例地)impactedbyPM2.5levels.“Femalesandethnicminoritiesfacesexismandracism,”saidZang.“Therearealotofpoliciesthatarenotfriendlytowardsthem.So,whenthey’reexposedtothesamelevelofairpollution,theydon’thavetheresourcestolessenthenegativeinfluences.”Moreprivilegedpopulations,however,mighthavemoreresourcesthatallowthemtoliveinabetterenvironment,suchasinhouseswithairpurifiers.“ThelevelofPM2.5pollutionintheUSisrelativelylow,butstudentslivinginareasbelowthecurrentairqualitystandardofannualPM2.5concentrationarestillnegativelyimpactedbyairpollutionwhenitcomestotheirtestscores,”saidZang.“WeshouldaimtostrengthentheannualPM2.5standardtobetterprotectourchildren.”Airpollutionisknowntocontributetodiseaseanddeath,anditalsonegativelyaffectsstudents’academicperformanceevenatlowlevelsofpollution.Thesubsequentstudies,theresearcherssaid,wouldinvolvelookingatwhetherthefindingsholdtrueindifferentareas,andalsothereasonsbehindtheethnicandsexualdifferences.31．What’sthegreatestadvantageofthestudy?A．Trackingeachstudentfor18years. B．Collectingmorecomprehensivedata.C．Measuringstudents’PM2.5exposureprecisely. D．Buildinglinksbetweenairpollutionandtestscores.32．AccordingtoZang,ethnicminoritiesandgirls________.A．benefitfromcurrentpoliciesonPM2.5pollutionB．havethelowesttestscoresduetotheiridentitiesC．lackresourcestoreducetheimpactofairpollutionD．sufferfromeducationalinequalitiesowingtotheirbackground33．What’sZangdoinginparagraph3?A．Offeringasuggestion. B．Raisingadoubt.C．Makingacomparison. D．Givingaprediction.34．Whatmightbethefocusofthefollow-upstudies?A．Applicabilityofthefindingstootherregions. B．Waystoaddressracialandsexualdifferences.C．Long-termimpactsofairpollutiononchildren. D．EstablishmentofPM2.5standardfitforchildren.【答案】31．B32．C33．A34．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了耶魯大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的研究人員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，空氣污染可能會對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。文章介紹了研究的具體發(fā)現(xiàn)以及相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對建議。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““ThebiggeststrengthofthisstudyisthatwetrackedeverystudentinNorthCarolinainthoseyears,forthewholetimeperiodthattheywereinthepublicschools,”saidEmmaZang,coauthorofthestudy.(該研究的合著者EmmaZang說：“這項研究最大的優(yōu)勢在于，我們追蹤了北卡羅來納州那些年的每一位學(xué)生，追蹤了他們在公立學(xué)校上學(xué)的整個時間?！?”可知，這項研究最大的優(yōu)勢是收集了更全面的數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“So,whenthey’reexposedtothesamelevelofairpollution,theydon’thavetheresourcestolessenthenegativeinfluences.(所以，當(dāng)他們暴露在同樣水平的空氣污染中時，他們沒有資源來減輕負(fù)面影響)”可知，少數(shù)族裔和女孩缺乏減少空氣污染影響的資源。故選C。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““ThelevelofPM2.5pollutionintheUSisrelativelylow,butstudentslivinginareasbelowthecurrentairqualitystandardofannualPM2.5concentrationarestillnegativelyimpactedbyairpollutionwhenitcomestotheirtestscores,”saidZang.“WeshouldaimtostrengthentheannualPM2.5standardtobetterprotectourchildren.”(“美國的PM2.5污染水平相對較低，但生活在低于當(dāng)前PM2.5年空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地區(qū)的學(xué)生，在考試成績方面仍然受到空氣污染的負(fù)面影響，”Zang說?！拔覀儜?yīng)該致力于提高PM2.5年度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以更好地保護我們的孩子?！?”可知，臧在第三段提供建議。故選A。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesubsequentstudies,theresearcherssaid,wouldinvolvelookingatwhetherthefindingsholdtrueindifferentareas,andalsothereasonsbehindtheethnicandsexualdifferences.(研究人員說，接下來的研究將包括觀察這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是否在不同的領(lǐng)域也適用，以及族裔和性別差異背后的原因)”可推知，后續(xù)研究的重點可能是調(diào)查結(jié)果對其他區(qū)域的適用性。故選A。Passage2體裁：議論文主題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的問題探討Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebecomecommonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作惡者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Arewe-atourcore-aggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.Asanevolutionaryanthropologist,Ihavespentyearsresearchingourtransformationasaspecies.Overthepasttwomillionyears,wehaveevolvedfromgroupsofapelikebeingsarmedwithsticksandstonestothecreatorsofcars,rockets,andnations.Ourbiggerbrainshaveallowedustobondandcooperateinmorecomplexanddiversewaysthananyotheranimal.Meanwhile,“youarewhomyoumeet.”Howweperceive,experience,andactintheworldisshapedbywhoandwhatsurroundusonadailybasis.Thisprocesshasdeepevolutionaryrootsandgiveshumanswhatwecallasharedreality.Iwouldarguethattheriseinonlineaggressionisaproductofourevolutionarysocialskills,thesocialmediaboom,andthespecificpolitical,economicandsocialcontextwherewefindourselves.Thisexplosivecombinationhasopenedupaspaceforincreasinglymorepeopletofantheflamesofaggressionandinsultonline.Aggressivebehavior-especiallytothoseyoudon’thavetoconfrontface-to-face-iseasierthanit’severbeen.Andfortheaggressor,thereareoftennoconsequences.Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.35．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraphtworeferto?A．Hatecrimesontherise. B．Growingpoliticaldivisions.C．Considerableonlinebitterness. D．Thetransformationofhumans.36．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic.37．Whatdoestheauthorproposetoaddresstheissueofgrowingaggression?A．Embracingouraggressivenaturetocompeteintoday’sworld.B．Strengtheninglawstoholdperpetratorsresponsiblefortheironlineactions.C．Promotingpositivebehaviorsandinteractionsinbothreal-lifeanddigitalspaces.D．Focusingonlyonreducinganonymityontheinternettoreduceoffensivebehavior.38．Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A．Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.B．Theinfluenceofevolutiononourbehavior.C．Thereasonsbehindrisingonlineaggression.D．Thefactorsinthesocialmediadevelopment.【答案】35．C36．B37．C38．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。本文論述了網(wǎng)上霸凌或其他攻擊性言行增加的原因，是人類殘忍的本性使然，還是社交媒體的過錯。35．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Arewe-atourcore-aggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.(社交媒體上日益增長的攻擊性是否讓我們看到了真正的人性？我們本質(zhì)上是好斗的野獸嗎？的確，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在擴大。公眾的痛苦程度——尤其是在網(wǎng)上——是相當(dāng)高的。)”可知，that指上文公眾相當(dāng)高的痛苦程度。A.Hatecrimesontherise仇恨犯罪呈上升趨勢；B.Growingpoliticaldivisions日益嚴(yán)重的政治分歧；C.Considerableonlinebitterness相當(dāng)多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)痛苦；D.Thetransformationofhumans人類的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)一段中“Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.(大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的匿名性為惡劣和騷擾行為提供了掩護。)”和第二段中“Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.

ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(公眾的痛苦程度——尤其是在網(wǎng)上——是相當(dāng)高的。但我不相信這是因為社交媒體釋放了我們殘忍的人性。)”可知，雖然很多人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的匿名性為網(wǎng)上攻擊性行為提供了遮掩，作者不這么認(rèn)為，然后客觀論述了背后的原因。所以作者對社交媒體的態(tài)度還是比較公正客觀的。故選B。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，這個世界似乎變得越來越好斗，但這并不是因為我們內(nèi)心更好斗。這是因為我們沒有站出來反對欺凌、虐待和侵略性的騷擾，沒有提倡當(dāng)代世界所要求的親社會態(tài)度和行動。無論是面對面還是在社交媒體上，我們都必須做到這兩點。)”可知，不管是線上還是線下，整個社會之所以變得越來越有攻擊性，不是因為我們本性好斗好攻擊，而是因為一直以來我們沒有勇敢地站出來與這些攻擊性行為做斗爭，所以作者提倡線上線下我們都應(yīng)有積極的言行和互動。故選C。38．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是通過第一段“Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebecomecommonplace.

Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作惡者).

Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.(近年來，社交媒體上的攻擊性已經(jīng)變得司空見慣。超過一半的受害者說他們不知道行兇者的身份。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的匿名性為惡劣和騷擾行為提供了掩護。)”引入話題：網(wǎng)上攻擊性言行的增加，很多人認(rèn)為始作俑者是網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身。第二段中“ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(但我不相信這是因為社交媒體釋放了我們殘忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因為人類本性好斗呢？他不認(rèn)為是社交媒體釋放了我們的本性，接著概括了三個原因：人類進(jìn)化出的社交特性，網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的繁榮，各種政治、經(jīng)濟和社會環(huán)境的影響。最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，這個世界似乎變得越來越好斗，但這并不是因為我們內(nèi)心更好斗。這是因為我們沒有站出來反對欺凌、虐待和侵略性的騷擾，沒有提倡當(dāng)代世界所要求的親社會態(tài)度和行動。無論是面對面還是在社交媒體上，我們都必須做到這兩點。)”作者呼吁大家行動起來，與這些攻擊性言行作斗爭。綜上，作者主要探討了日益增長的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊行為背后的原因，故選C。Passage3體裁：說明文主題：某種認(rèn)知對社交心態(tài)的影響Initialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.Inourstudies,participantsintheUKtalkedwithsomeonetheyhadnevermetbefore.Afterward,theywereaskedhowmuchtheylikedtheirconversationpartnerandhowmuchtheybelievedthattheirconversationpartnerlikedthem.Thisallowedustocomparehowmuchpeoplebelievedtheywerelikedtohowmuchtheywereactuallyliked.Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“l(fā)ikinggap”.Thisbias(偏見)mayseemlikesomethingthatwouldoccuronlyininitialinteractions,butitseffectsextendfarbeyondafirstimpression.Surprisingly,thelikinggapcanconstantlyaffectavarietyofrelationships,includinginteractionswithcoworkers,longaftertheinitialconversationshavetakenplace.Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.39．Whydidtheauthorcarryout10yearsofresearch?A．Todismissnationalconcerns. B．Tocheckoutapotentialbias.C．Toenhancehumancommunication. D．Todevelopharmoniousrelationships.40．Whatisoneeffectofpeople’slikinggap?A．Fewerchancesofnewprojects. B．Underestimationoftheirability.C．Badrelationshipswithpeoplearound. D．Lowwillingnesstointeractwithothers.41．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Restateopinions. B．Deliverwarnings. C．Givesuggestions. D．Makeasummary.42．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LikingGapMayInfluenceWorkPerformancesB．FirstImpressionsRelyOnInitialConversationsC．PeopleProbablyLikeYouMoreThanYouThinkD．HowPeopleLikeYouMattersLessThanYouAssume【答案】39．B40．D41．C42．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了什么是“好感認(rèn)知差距”以及這種心態(tài)對人們社交關(guān)系的影響。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Initialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”(最初的對話會對關(guān)系的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。人們常常會陷入自己第一次和別人說話時留下的印象中：“他們是喜歡我還是只是出于禮貌？”“他們是在沉思還是很無聊？”)”以及第二段“Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.(為了弄清楚這些擔(dān)憂是否有必要，我們進(jìn)行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者進(jìn)行10年的研究是為了找出潛在的偏見。故選B。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.(好感認(rèn)知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事尋求幫助，越不愿意向同事提供公開和誠實的反饋，越不愿意一起完成另一個項目)”可知，好感認(rèn)知差距的一個影響是與他人互動的意愿低。故選D。41．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.(有很多策略可以減少你的偏見?？梢詮霓D(zhuǎn)移你的注意力開始。試著把你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到你的談話對象身上，真誠地對他們感到好奇，問他們更多的問題，并認(rèn)真傾聽他們的回答。你越關(guān)注對方，越少關(guān)注自己，你們的對話就會越好，你也就越不會去想那些你認(rèn)為自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想給出建議。故選C。42．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“l(fā)ikinggap”.(我們一次又一次地發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在結(jié)束談話時對自己留下的印象感到消極。也就是說，人們系統(tǒng)性地低估了交談對象對自己的喜愛程度和對陪伴的享受程度——這種錯誤的信念我們稱之為“好感認(rèn)知差距”)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了什么是“好感認(rèn)知差距”以及這種心態(tài)對人們社交關(guān)系的影響。可知，C選項“人們可能比你想象的更喜歡你”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareasta