選擇性必修第四冊(cè)UNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISE(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(★)(2022·全國(guó)甲，D)Sometimeintheearly1960s，asignificantthinghappenedinSydney，Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then，oneafteranother，Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks，superbbeaches，andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds，acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s，pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine，andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak，Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats，”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean？”Iasked.“Oh，they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster，butthey’renotsoelegant，andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress，Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays，changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號(hào))，andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity’sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決)．”O(jiān)ntheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry，”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians，whentheycametoAustralia，brought2,000yearsoftheirculture，theGreekssome3,000years，andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright，butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B．TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C．ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D．Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.2．WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A．Hegoestoworkbyboat. B．Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C．Hepilotscatamaranswell. D．Heisattachedtotheoldferries.3．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions. B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation. D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.4．Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B．Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C．Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D．Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.B(★)Publichealthdatasignalsagenuinecrisisinadolescentmentalhealth：risingratesofanxiety，depression，andhopelessness.Butasweworryabouttweensandteenswhoarestruggling，wecan’tignoreanothermountingeffect—theburdensthatareshoulderedbytheirfriendsandpeersinan“alwayson”world.Wehavestudiedteensandtechforoveradecade.Theirnetworksareever-expanding，innosmallpartbecausethere’sasensethatbeingnicemeansacceptingfellowrequestsfromacquaintancesandfriends-of-friends.Andit’snotjuststayingconnected—it’skeepingupwithwhatotherspost，too.Socialmediaplatformsthusmakeittechnicallypossibletomaintainmorerelationshipsthanwearehistoricallyactuallywiredtotrackandmanage.Theresultisanoverwhelmingwaveofsocialinformation.It’sespeciallyintenseforadolescentswhosedevelopmentalsensitivitiesdrivethemtocaredeeplyaboutwhattheirpeersaredoingandthinking.Significantstresscomeswithtryingtobea“goodfriend”intheageofsocialmedia.Friendshiprequiresbothpublicandbehind-the-scenessupport.Evenbeforeasocialmediapostismadepublic，closefriendscanbepulledintophotoselection，editing，andfinalexamination.Besides，theyneedtorespondintherightwayandintherightamountoftime，whichdiffersfromonerelationshiptoanother.Replyingtooquicklycanbeseenasover-eager，especiallywhenthefriendshipisnewornotclose.Butwhenit’saclosefriend，toolongalag(延遲)canbehurtful.Thequalitiesthatarekeytobuildingorbreakingfriendshipsareactuallythesameasthey’vealwaysbeen：mutual(相互的)sharingofjoysandsorrows，agiveandtakeofacceptanceandsupport，andanabilitytoweatherandresolveconflicts.Buttechnologieshavetransformedhowfriendshipsplayout.Socialmediaincreasestheburdensthatcomealongwithbeingagoodfriend.Toooften，thesedynamicshitteenshardinwaysthatarelostonadults.Andthatiswhatshouldbechangedwiththehelpofparents，schoolsandotherpartsofsociety.5．Whatmakesteenagers’networkscontinuetoexpand?A．Thepressuretobenice. B．Therequestsoftheirparents.C．Theneedtomeetmorepeople. D．Theburdenoflivingindependently.6．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofbeingagoodfriendintheageofsocialmedia?A．Exciting.B．Challenging.C．Money-saving.D．Risk-taking.7．Whatshouldbechangedaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Thequalitiesofbeingateenfriend.B．Theconflictsbetweenschoolsandparents.C．Therelationsbetweenparentsandtheirteens.D．Theinfluencesofsocialmediaonteenfriendship.8．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyMoreTeensAreAddictedtoSocialMediaB．HowTeensNowadaysGainLong-standingFriendshipsC．HowSocialMediaHasMadeTeenFriendshipsMoreStressfulD．WhatMakesTeensBecomeMoreSensitivetoTheirPeers’NeedsCAhandshakeappearstobeacommongesturewithancientroots.Historicalreferencessuchasthe9th-centuryBCEsiteofShalmaneserⅢandthe8th-centuryBCEmentionintheIliadindicatetheactofholdinghandsinagreetingorasasignofloyalty.Evencenturieslater，Shakespearereferencedhandshakesasasymbolicactofbrotherhood.Theoriginsofshakinghandsmaybeobscured(模糊的)bytime.Historianswhohavestudiedancientetiquette(禮儀)booksnotethatthemodernhandshakedidnotappearuntilthemiddleofthe19thcentury，whenitwasconsideredaslightlyinappropriategesturethatcouldonlybeusedbetweenfriends.ButwhatifShakespearehadwrittenabouthandshakinghundredsofyearsearlier?Thehandshakehastraditionallybeenusedasagestureofmakingdeals，peace，orsettlingconflicts.Inancienttimes，itwasmentionedintreatiesandagreementsbetweenkings.Inliterature，suchasintheIliadandShakespeare’sworks，charactersshookhandstoestablishafriendshiporresolveconflicts.However，differinginterpretationsofthehandshakecanleadtomisunderstandingsordisagreements.Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardertotrace.AsaDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg—thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhandshaking—wroteinachapterofananthologycalledACulturalHistoryofGesture，“Morethaninanyotherfield，thatofthestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues.”A16th-centuryGermantranslationofRabelais’sGargantuaandPantagruelmentionedhandshakes，inadditiontoembracing，asaformofgreeting.Thisearlyreferencesuggeststheevolvinginclusionofhandshakesingreetingrituals.JamesCleland’scriticismofbowingmayhavestemmedfromadesiretoreturntoatraditionalformofgreetinginEurope.Handshaking，whichhadsurvivedinsomeremoteareas，becamemorepopularashierarchicalgreetingslikebowingfelloutoffavor.Associalequalityincreased，handshakingbecameacommonpracticeamongequals.9．WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Toprovethatthehistoryofhandshakingishardtofind.B．Toillustratethathandshakingisaveryoldcustom.C．Toshowreadersthathandshakingiscommoninfiction.D．Toexplainthevalueofhandshakingincommunication.10．Whatcanwelearnabouthandshakingfromthepassage?A．Theoriginofhandshakingasaformofgreetingiseasytotrace.B．CitizensusuallyshakehandstoshowfriendlinessinHolland.C．Itwasusedonlybetweenfriendsandtoreachanagreement.D．Itisacommonpracticebetweenpeopleofdifferentsocialpositions.11．Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningto“anthology”inparagraph4?A．Thescienceofmentalability.B．Acollectionofselectedliterarypassages.C．Adailywrittenrecordofexperiences.D．Allthelivingthingsofaparticularregion.12．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEvolutionandSignificanceofHandshakesinHumanCultureB．TheScienceBehindHandshakes：APsychologicalAnalysisC．HandshakesvsFistBumps：TheBattleofGreetingsD．TheEvolutionofHandGestures：FromHandshakestoHigh-FivesⅡ.七選五(★)Ofallrelationships，theparent-childrelationshipisperhapsthepurest.1Thesetipswillhelpyouimproveyourrelationshipwithyourparents.Givethemyourtime.Nomatterhowbusyyouarewithyourlife，trytomakesometimeforyourparents.2Ifyou’relivingawayfromthem，callthemandvisitthemregularly.Forallyouknow，youronecouldmaketheirday.3Ifyouarelivingwithyourparents，helpthemwithhousework.Doyourpartorevenmore.Ifyouarenotlivingtogether，checkonthemandhelpthemoutbyofferingtobuygroceries，paybills，etc.Putyourselfintheirshoes.Wheneveryourpar