吉安市中醫(yī)院影像醫(yī)學(xué)英語考核一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共20題，每題2分，共40分）1.Whichofthefollowingimagingmodalitiesismostcommonlyusedforevaluatingmusculoskeletalinjuriesinclinicalpractice?A.MRIB.CTC.UltrasoundD.Nuclearmedicine2.Theterm"contrastagent"inradiologyrefersto:A.AtypeofX-raymachineB.AsubstanceusedtoenhanceimagevisibilityC.Aradiologist’sassistantD.Aradiationsafetymeasure3.Whichimagingtechniqueisprimarilyusedforassessingbloodflowandperfusioninthebrain?A.CTAngiography(CTA)B.MRAngiography(MRA)C.DigitalSubtractionAngiography(DSA)D.UltrasoundAngiography4.Theprocessofconvertinganalogimagedataintodigitalformatisknownas:A.ImageacquisitionB.ImagereconstructionC.ImageprocessingD.Imagestorage5.WhichofthefollowingisacommoncontraindicationforMRI?A.PacemakerB.DentalfillingsC.KidneystonesD.Noneoftheabove6.The"Hounsfieldunit"(HU)isameasurementusedin:A.MRIB.CTC.UltrasoundD.Nuclearmedicine7.Whichradiologicalprocedureistypicallyperformedunderlocalanesthesia?A.BariumenemaB.CTscanC.MRID.Fluoroscopy-guidedintervention8.The"acquisitionmatrix"inMRIrefersto:A.ThenumberofslicesinanimageB.ThesizeoftheimagingfieldC.Thegridofpixelsina2DimageD.ThedurationofanMRIscan9.WhichofthefollowingisaprimaryadvantageofultrasoundoverCTinobstetricimaging?A.BetterbonevisualizationB.NoexposuretoionizingradiationC.HigherspatialresolutionD.Fasterimagingspeed10.The"T1-weightedimage"inMRIprimarilyshows:A.Fluid-filledstructuresB.FatandwaterdifferencesC.SofttissuecontrastD.Bloodvessels11.Whichimagingmodalityismostusefulfordetectingsmalllungnodules?A.ChestX-rayB.Low-doseCTC.MRID.Nuclearmedicine12.The"acousticwindow"inultrasoundrefersto:A.TheareawheresoundwavescanpenetrateB.ThefrequencyoftheultrasoundprobeC.ThedepthoftheimagingfieldD.Thetypeoftransducerused13.WhichofthefollowingisacommonartifactinMRI?A.MotionblurB.MetalartifactC.SignaldropoutD.Alloftheabove14.The"Contrast-EnhancedCT"(CECT)isprimarilyusedfor:A.EvaluatingbonefracturesB.VisualizingbloodvesselsC.DetectinglungcancerD.Assessingkidneyfunction15.WhichofthefollowingisakeyadvantageofPET-CToverstandalonePET?A.HigherspatialresolutionB.BettersofttissuecontrastC.CombinedfunctionalandanatomicalimagingD.Fasterimagingspeed16.The"Larmorequation"inMRIdescribes:A.TherelationshipbetweenmagneticfieldstrengthandresonancefrequencyB.ThemotionofhydrogenprotonsinamagneticfieldC.ThedecayofMRsignalovertimeD.Theinteractionbetweenradiofrequencypulsesandtissue17.WhichofthefollowingisastandardprotocolforachestCTscaninadults?A.Thin-sectionaxialimageswithcontrastB.CoronalreformattedimageswithoutcontrastC.SagittalT1-weightedimagesD.FunctionalMRIofthelungs18.The"acquisitiontime"inMRIrefersto:A.ThedurationofasinglescansequenceB.ThetotaltimeforanentireMRIexaminationC.ThetimetakentoprocessimagedataD.TherepetitiontimeofanRFpulse19.Whichofthefollowingisacommonapplicationofnuclearmedicineinoncology?A.BonescanningB.CardiacstresstestingC.ThyroidfunctionevaluationD.Alloftheabove20.The"fieldofview"(FOV)inMRIdetermines:A.ThesizeoftheimagedareaB.TheresolutionoftheimageC.Thesignal-to-noiseratioD.Thescanduration二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）1.WhichofthefollowingareadvantagesofMRIoverCTinmusculoskeletalimaging?A.BettersofttissuecontrastB.NoexposuretoionizingradiationC.HigherspatialresolutionD.Fasterimagingspeed2.Thefollowingarecommonindicationsforultrasoundinobstetricsandgynecology:A.FetalgrowthassessmentB.EarlypregnancydetectionC.EvaluationofpelvicmassesD.Breastcancerscreening3.WhichofthefollowingareartifactsthatcanoccurinCTscans?A.MotionartifactB.MetalartifactC.BeamhardeningD.Partialvolumeaveraging4.Thefollowingarekeycomponentsofanuclearmedicinestudy:A.RadiopharmaceuticaladministrationB.GammacameraacquisitionC.ImagereconstructionD.Patientpreparation5.WhichofthefollowingaretrueaboutMRIcontrastagents?A.Gadolinium-basedagentsarecommonlyusedB.TheyenhanceT1relaxationC.Theymaycausenephrogenicsystemicfibrosis(NSF)D.Theyarecontraindicatedinpatientswithkidneydisease6.ThefollowingarecommonapplicationsofCTangiography(CTA):A.CoronaryarterydiseaseevaluationB.CerebralaneurysmdetectionC.PulmonaryembolismassessmentD.Peripheralvasculardiseaseimaging7.Whichofthefollowingarelimitationsofultrasoundimaging?A.OperatordependencyB.LimitedpenetrationdepthC.PoorvisualizationofbonestructuresD.Noexposuretoionizingradiation8.ThefollowingareimportantsafetyconsiderationsinMRI:A.MetalimplantsmustberemovedB.ClaustrophobiamayrequiresedationC.ThemagneticfieldmustbeuniformD.Patientswithpacemakersaregenerallycontraindicated9.WhichofthefollowingareadvantagesofPET-CToverstandalonePET?A.BetteranatomicallocalizationB.ReducedradiationdoseC.CombinedfunctionalandanatomicalinformationD.Fasterimageacquisition10.ThefollowingarecommonprotocolsforaheadandneckMRI:A.T1-weightedwithcontrastB.T2-weightedwithoutcontrastC.Diffusion-weightedimaging(DWI)D.MRangiography(MRA)三、填空題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）1.TheprocessofconvertingrawMRIdataintoanimageiscalled________.2.TheunitusedtomeasuretheattenuationofX-raysinCTisthe________.3.ThephenomenonwherewaterandfathavedifferentrelaxationtimesinMRIisknownas________.4.Thetechniquethatusesradioactivetracerstoassessorganfunctioniscalled________.5.Thetermfortheareawhereultrasoundwavescaneffectivelypenetrateisthe________.6.Theprocessofreconstructing3Dimagesfrommultiple2DCTslicesiscalled________.7.ThemagneticfieldstrengthinMRIismeasuredin________units.8.TheuseofintravenouscontrasttoenhancevascularvisualizationinCTistermed________.9.TheartifactcausedbymetalobjectsinMRIisknownasthe________artifact.10.Theprotocolthatcombinesfunctionalimaging(PET)withanatomicalimaging(CT)iscalled_________.四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）1.WhatarethethreemaintypesofMRIcontrastagents,andhowdotheydifferintheirmechanismofaction?2.DescribethekeydifferencesbetweenachestX-rayandalow-dosechestCTintermsofdiagnosticutilityandradiationexposure.3.ExplaintheimportanceofpatientpositioninginMRIandhowitaffectsimagequality.4.Whatarethecommoncontraindicationsforultrasoundimaging,andwhyaretheysignificant?5.CompareandcontrasttheadvantagesandlimitationsofnuclearmedicineandMRIinoncologicalimaging.五、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"影像后處理技術(shù)可以提高圖像的分辨率和對比度，從而改善診斷準(zhǔn)確性。"2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"核醫(yī)學(xué)檢查中使用的放射性藥物需要嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量控制和劑量管理。"3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"超聲檢查在產(chǎn)科中的應(yīng)用可以實(shí)時(shí)觀察胎兒的生長發(fā)育情況。"4.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"CTA可以通過血管造影技術(shù)清晰地顯示血管結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于診斷血管性疾病。"5.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"MRI的禁忌癥包括體內(nèi)有金屬植入物和幽閉恐懼癥患者。"答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.A2.B3.B4.B5.A6.B7.D8.C9.B10.C11.B12.A13.D14.B15.C16.A17.A18.A19.D20.A解析：1.MRI因其軟組織對比度好，常用于骨骼肌肉系統(tǒng)評估。8.MRI的采集矩陣（acquisitionmatrix）指2D圖像中的像素網(wǎng)格大小。15.PET-CT結(jié)合了功能成像（PET）和解剖成像（CT），提供更全面的診斷信息。二、多項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.A,B,C2.A,B,C3.A,B,C,D4.A,B,C,D5.A,B,C,D6.A,B,C,D7.A,B,C8.A,B,C,D9.A,C10.A,B,C,D解析：1.MRI優(yōu)于CT的優(yōu)勢包括軟組織對比度好、無電離輻射、空間分辨率高，但掃描速度較慢。7.超聲受操作者依賴性強(qiáng)、穿透深度有限、骨結(jié)構(gòu)顯示差，但無電離輻射。三、填空題答案1.Imagereconstruction2.Hounsfieldunit(HU)3.Chemicalshiftphenomenon4.Nuclearmedicineimaging5.Acousticwindow6.3Dreconstruction7.Tesla(T)8.Contrast-enhancedCT9.Metalartifact10.PET-CT解析：3.水和脂肪在MRI中因弛豫時(shí)間不同而呈現(xiàn)不同信號。9.金屬物體在MRI中產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)信號干擾，稱為金屬偽影。四、簡答題答案1.MRI對比劑類型及機(jī)制：-釓基對比劑：增強(qiáng)T1加權(quán)像，用于血管和病變顯影。-含鐵對比劑：增強(qiáng)T2加權(quán)像，用于肝臟