全國(guó)碩士碩士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)一真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglish

Peoplearezonthewhcle,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmaking

individualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat_ltheabilitytomake

judgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthatan

inabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamples

ofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorised:hatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft

6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsix

otherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofan

applicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,

butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAInterviews12by31admissionsofficers.TheInterviewers

had13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.

Thescoreswere15usednconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduate

ManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis1^outof800points,to

makeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesof

intervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescorefor

thenextapplicantwouldISbyanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto

theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwould

otherwisehavebeen20.

1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[Alminor[Blobjective[Clcrucial[DIexternal

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]extemal

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

Text1

InthefilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther,Priestly

explainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfrom

fashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtless

foundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratodds

withthefeverishwouldbedescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictment

of"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-market

labelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemand

moreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,

andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesas

disposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat-andto

renewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Cline

argues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoa

seasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera

$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2z300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage

overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsof

harmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichael

Pollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma.''Mass-producedclothng,likefastfood,fillsahungerand

need,yetisnon-durableandwasteful/7Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20

billiongarmentsayear-about64itemsperperson-andnomatterhowmuchtheygive

away,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamed

SarahKateBeaumont,whosincehasmadeallofherownclothes-andbeautifully.Butas

ClineIsthefirsttonote,IttookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'tbe

knockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlabor

andtheenvironment-indudingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline-Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommonto

manyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewill

onlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfeshion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword"indictment"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowinccanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[AlSatireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleisznoone

knowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.

Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim

“behavioural“adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuch

fine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedand

sentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecemberAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donot

track"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnot

wanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google's

Chromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)

agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSe:offtherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversiondueto

appearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotoblige

anyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotell

whethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwith

Microsoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,which

itsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.Ifitistryingtoupset

Google,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseeman

obviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsother

productsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schief

privacyofficer,blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybe

thatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that"behavioural“adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfrorrconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.''Theindustryz/(Line6,Para.3)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.WhichofthefollowincistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveItsIntendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudeTowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciation

[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeans

uniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologyv/ouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,

leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainecadeeperappreciationoftherange

ofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmght

evenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshave

enduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'place

Intheuniverse,andItbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,

ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatened

speciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:

"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currently

increasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."

Sowhatdoesourdeeofuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizations

arenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhas

itsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyears

hence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboctthe

moreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocial

consequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwriters

andfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhy

wehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderable

assurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenough

ofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomake

evidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofcurprospectsseemmorelikelytobe

apassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughto

reducemanyoftheriskstnatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethe

lotofthosetocome.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN's''RedListMsuggestthathumanbeingare

[Alasustainedspecies

[B]athreatentotheenvironment

[C]theworld'sdominantpower

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureIshardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet'saoundantresources

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowincwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

Text4

Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigration

lawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.Butonthemore

importantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration's

efforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.

InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsof

Arizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.

TheConstitutionalprincipesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto''establishauniform

RuleofNaturalization“andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.

Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.

JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,

ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthe

majorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately''occupiedthefield“andArizonahadthus

intrudedonthefederal'sprivilegedpowers.

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatus

ofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That'sbecauseCongresshasalways

envisionedjointfederaI-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstate

officerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththis

ConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederal

statute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedaneven

morerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.

The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhis

objectionas''ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguecthat

Arizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwith

federalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateany

otherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.

Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenship

andthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheir

ownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwas

inessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,

nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkable

claim.

36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausethey

[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.

[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.

[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.

[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Federalofficers*dutytowithholdimmigrants'information.

[B]States,independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.

[C]States,legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.

[D]Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs

[A]violatedtheConstitution.

[B]underminedthestates'interests.

[C]supportedthefederalstatute.

[D]stoodinfavorofthestates.

39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates.

[B]isdependentonthestates'support.

[C]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.

[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws.

40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.

[B]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.

[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.

[D]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobe

ajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail,Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould

1)describethedrawingbriefly

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

參照答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

1.A.grants13.B.rated

2.D.external14.D.took

3.C.picture15.B.then

4.A.Forexample16.C.marked

5.B.fearful17.A.before

6.B.on18.C.drop

7.A.if19.B.undo

8.D.test20.C.necessary

9.D.success

10.A.chosen

11.D.otherwise

12.C.conducted

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1(Inthe)

21.B.insensitivitytofashion

22.D.shopfortheirgarmentmerefrequently

23.A.accusation

24.D.pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing

25.C.criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

Text2(Anoldsaying)

26.B.lowertheiroperationalcosts

27.D.internetbrowserdevelopers

28.C.willnotbenefitconsumers

29.A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

30.D.skepticism

Text3(Nowutopia)

31.B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

32.A.sustainedspecies

33.D.ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive

34.C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

35.C.theever-brightprospectsofmankind

Text4(Onafivetothree)

36.C.oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigration

37.C.states'legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement

38.D.stoodinfavorofthestates

39.A.outweighsthatheldbythestates

40.D.TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.

PartB

41.E.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior...

42.F.Despitethesefactors...

43.B.However,thenumbersarestillsmall...

44.G.Duringthelate1990s...

45.C.Theideaistoforcesocialtointegrate...

SectionIIITranslation

46.然而，看著無(wú)家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時(shí)，人們會(huì)忽然意識(shí)到，盡管這些花園風(fēng)格多樣，它們都顯示了人類(lèi)除了裝

飾和發(fā)明性體現(xiàn)之外的其他多種基本訴求47.?塊神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是?種人類(lèi)本能的需求，和

呵護(hù)所相反，那只是動(dòng)物的本能需求。

47.無(wú)論地方多么簡(jiǎn)陋不堪，尋求一片靜謐圣士是人類(lèi)特有的需求，而動(dòng)物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地。

48.無(wú)家可歸者描繪的花園實(shí)