Pre-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingUnit6TextAI'mLosingMyCanadianEnglish2.Differences3.Warm-upactivity1.DiscussionTextA:Pre-reading1.Discussion:

Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatislanguage?Doyouknowhowmanylanguagesthereareintheworld?(2)DoyouknowthatthereismorethanonekindofEnglish?HowmanykindsofEnglisharethereintheworld?(3)AreyoufamiliarwithBritishEnglishanditshistory?WhataboutCanadianEnglish?Pre-readingPre-reading2.DifferencebetweenAmEandBrE:AmericanEnglishBritishEnglish公寓apartmentflat洗手間bathroom/restroomtoilet罐頭cantin糖果candysweets電梯elevatorlift果醬jelly

jam足球

soccerfootball人行道sidewalkpavement橡皮擦eraserrubberPre-reading3.Watchaviedoandretellit.While-reading：Text

I'mLosingMyCanadianEnglishWhile-reading：Text

I'mLosingmyCanadianEnglish

1English,Ihavelearned,isn'tjustonelanguage.DependingonwhereyouliveintheEnglish-speakingworld,wordscandevelopnewmeaningsorspiralintonewdirections.While-reading：Text2WhenIpreparedformymovetoBritain,Ididn'tthinkmyEnglishwouldbemuchdifferentfromthatofmyBritishpeers.Iwaswrong.Myjobasawriterandeditorhasforcedmetoexaminethesedifferencesclosely,andithasmademerealizejusthowmuchlanguagecancreate-andchange-youridentity.3Ihavefound,tomygreatdistress,thatIambeginningtoforgetwhatI,asanEnglish-speakingCanadian,shouldbesayingorhowIshouldpronounceit.WhenIleftCanadaat23,havingspentawonderfulfouryearsin

Ottawa

and,beforethat,havinggrownupamongthemountainsinnorthernBritishColumbia,Ifeltstronglyrootedtoourgreatnation.I'mnowmarriedtoaBrit,andastheyearsgoby,Ihavebeguntonoticethoserootsbecomingincreasinglyfragile.At30,I'mheartbrokenthatIhaveleftCanada,andthatCanadaisstartingtoleaveme.

While-reading：Text4BeforemovingtoWalesasanexchangestudent,Itookaseminaronhowtoadapttolifeinaforeigncountry.IwascautionedbytheinstructoratCarletonUniversity

thatthepeoplemostlikelytofeelcultureshockwereactuallythepeoplewhowenttoBritain,notthosewhomovedtothedifferentculturesofsayChile

orItaly.ThiswasbecausetheBritain-boundpeopledidn'tpreparethemselvesforthechange.TheyassumedlivingamongEnglish-speakingpeopleinwhatiseffectivelythebirthplaceofEnglishCanada'sculturewouldbejustlikehome.Infact,itverymuchisn't.While-reading：Text5It'snotjustlanguagethatseparatesthetwocultures,butitisakeyfeaturethatdefinesus.Britscall

their

sidewalks

"pavements,"theircartrunks"boots,"theircandies"sweets,"andtheydon'tknowwhatatuque

is.Toblendinandrelatetothosearoundme,Ihavehadtolearntostripmyvocabularyofanyforeign-soundingwords.6

Oneofmyfirstjobsherewaseditingcopyata

regionalnewspaper.Irememberreadingthroughareporter'scopydescribingagoodgardenerashaving"greenfingers."Ichangedthewordsandpassedthestoryalongbecause,asanyright-thinkingpersonknows,agoodgardenerhasagreenthumb.Thepuzzledreporterlaterapproachedmydesk.Heventuredtimidly,"Itappearsthatsomeonehaschangedmycopytosaythegardenerhasgreen

thumbs."Helookedatme,clearly

aghastthatanyonecouldmakesuchamistake."Er,"Ireplied,"IthinkIcanexplain."While-reading：Text7Inreality,noonecanreallyexplainhowtheEnglishlanguagecanbeusedinsuchdifferentwaysindifferentpartsoftheworldinthisageofconvergingmediaandmasscommunication.8WhatIdoknowisIhaveimmersed

myselfinthelanguageofBritainanditisbeginningtobeallthatIknow.Thoughatfirstusinga"loo"seemedstrange,andaskingfordirectionstoa"toilet"seemedalittlebittoodirect,Inowfinditquaint

whenIheartouristsaskdirectionstothe"washroom."While-reading：Text9It'snotsurprisingthatIamadaptingmylanguagetomysurroundings.WheninRome,right?Butthereareincreasinglymomentswhen,alongwithmyCanadianlanguage,IfeelmyCanadianidentityisslowlyslippingaway.10I'vereferredtohockeyas"ice

hockey"-eventoCanadianfriends-asuresignthatmyculturalboundarieshaveshifted.InBritain,fieldhockeyisthemorepopularsportandretainsthegeneric

"hockey"title.Inowlive"in"aroad,not"on"it,andwhenI'munderpressureI'm"underthecosh."Iask"y'allright?"insteadof"how'reyou?"AndIsay"cheers"insteadof"thankyou."DescribingplacessuchasVietnamandThailandasthe"FarEast"isalsocommonpracticehere,andalthoughitjars,I'veacceptedthatit'snotmeanttobe

derogatory,norisitconsciouslyimperialist.11I'vealsocompletelyforgottenhowI'msupposedtopronounce"derby,""leisure,""process,""depot"or"Caribbean."Myaccenthasbecomeslightlyanglicized

sopeopleareneverconfidentaboutwhereI'mfrom.IsometimesgetmistakenforAmericanorIrish,althoughquiteafewpeopleaskifI'mCanadian.12I'vestoppedtryingtowritethewords"nix"and"boondoggle"inasentence-theydon'ttranslatehere.Therearecountless

otherwordsincommonusageinCanadathatnowsoundunfamiliar,whileIwillhappilytrotoutwordssuchas"penultimate"and"fortnight."While-reading：Text13Onedaysoon,I'dliketomovebacktoCanada.ButithasbeensolongsinceIlastlivedtherethatIworryhowI'llcope.ItbreaksmyheartthatIcouldarriveinthecountryofmybirtharmedwiththelanguageofaforeignland.Myvocabularyandaccenthavemademeanoutsiderhere,andIdon'twanttobeanoutsiderinCanadatoo.Equallysad,though,isthethoughtofneverreturning.14Iclingtothehopethatmaybe,justmaybe,Canadahasn'tbeenleavingme.Somewherewithinmethewords,expressionsandpronunciationsthatItookforgrantedforsomanyyearsareburiedaway,readyto

resurface

whenneeded.我正在失去我的加拿大英語麗貝卡·科諾普·普賴斯1 我現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到，英語不是一種統(tǒng)一的語言。在通行英語的地方，英語單詞會(huì)根據(jù)你的居住地而具有不同的意義，英語單詞也會(huì)朝著不同的方向演變。

While-reading：Translation2 當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備遷往英國時(shí)，我沒有想過我的英語會(huì)同英國同事的英語有那么大的差異。結(jié)果我錯(cuò)了。我是名作家兼編輯，我的工作迫使我從細(xì)微處觀察這種差異，我的觀察讓我意識(shí)到語言對(duì)于一個(gè)人身份的確立、改變具有重要意義。3 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我開始忘記如何用加拿大英語說一個(gè)英語單詞，或者說如何用加拿大英語發(fā)音，這讓我感到非常的苦惱。我離開加拿大時(shí)23歲，在渥太華度過了四年的美好時(shí)光，在這之前我是在英屬哥倫比亞北方的群山中長大的，我感到自己是深植于自己偉大的民族的?，F(xiàn)在我嫁給了一個(gè)英國人，歲月荏苒，我開始發(fā)現(xiàn)我民族認(rèn)同的根基越來越脆弱了。眼下我30歲，我很難過自己離開了加拿大，加拿大也與我漸行漸遠(yuǎn)。While-reading：Translation4 在以交換生的身份前往威爾士之前，我參加過一個(gè)研討會(huì)，討論如何適應(yīng)異國他鄉(xiāng)的生活。來自卡爾頓大學(xué)的教師告誡我說，最有可能感覺到文化沖擊的人恰恰就是那些前往不列顛的人，而不是那些遷往其他異質(zhì)文化國家——如智利或者意大利——的人。這是因?yàn)槟切┩涣蓄嵱兄~帶關(guān)系的人對(duì)文化環(huán)境的變化并沒有做好準(zhǔn)備。他們還以為住在通行英語的國家而實(shí)際上是加拿大英語文化起源地的國家會(huì)像是在自己國家一樣，而實(shí)際情況并非如此。While-reading：Translation5 雖然造成文化差異的因素不僅僅只有語言，但語言卻是決定我們身份的關(guān)鍵因素。英國人稱人行道(加拿大英語:sidewalks)為“pavements”，稱汽車后備箱(加拿大英語:cartrunks)為“boots”，稱糖果(加拿大英語:candies)為“sweets”，他們也不知道tuque(雙層編織帽)指什么。為了融入周邊環(huán)境，我學(xué)會(huì)了把任何聽起來像是外語的單詞從我的詞匯表中剔除了。6 我的第一份工作是給一份區(qū)域性報(bào)紙做文稿編輯。我還記得自己讀一篇通訊稿，里面描述一位優(yōu)秀的園丁時(shí)用了他有“greenfingers”（綠色的手指）一詞。我改了下里面的用詞然后就通過了這個(gè)稿件。我以為任何思維正常的人都知道應(yīng)該說一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的園丁有“greenthumb"（綠色的大拇指）。后來那位困惑不解的通訊稿作者找到了正在辦公的我。他羞怯地試探著地說，“看起來好像有人修改了我的稿件，說園丁有綠色大拇指?！彼粗?，顯然對(duì)有人居然會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤感到詫異?！芭叮蔽一卮鸬?，“我想我可以解釋下?！?/p>

While-reading：Translation

7 事實(shí)上，在當(dāng)代大眾傳媒一體化的時(shí)代，沒有人可以說清楚英語是如何具有豐富的地域性用法區(qū)別的。8 我所知道的就是我已經(jīng)沉浸在英國英語中，而英國英語也開始成為我所知道的語言了。雖然一開始用“l(fā)oo”（洗手間）一詞看起來有點(diǎn)怪，問別人“toilet”（廁所）在哪里也有點(diǎn)過于直白，但現(xiàn)在我開始覺得游客們問“washroom”（盥洗室）在哪里有點(diǎn)古雅的味道了。

While-reading：Translation9 不足為奇，我的英語正在適應(yīng)周邊環(huán)境。入鄉(xiāng)隨俗嘛，對(duì)不對(duì)？不過越來越多的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的加拿大身份正隨著我的加拿大英語緩緩離我而去。10

我會(huì)稱hockey為icehockey（曲棍球，冰球），甚至同我的加拿大朋友也這么說，這是一個(gè)明顯的跡象，表明我的文化疆界線已經(jīng)移動(dòng)了。在英國，陸上曲棍球比冰球更受歡迎，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的稱呼（fieldhockey）中還保留了“hockey”這個(gè)表明其類型的用詞?，F(xiàn)在我說自己住在某條路上時(shí)用“in”這個(gè)詞，而不是“on”，說自己有壓力時(shí)，不說自己“underpressure”而說“underthecosh”。我問別人還好嗎時(shí)說“y'allright?”而不是“how'reyou?”我表達(dá)感謝時(shí)不再說“thankyou”，而說“cheers”。在英國，人們常用“遠(yuǎn)東”一詞來指代像越南和泰國這樣的地方，雖然這個(gè)用詞聽起來刺耳，但是我也接受了這種看法，即它并沒有貶義，也沒有什么帝國主義意識(shí)在里面。While-reading：Translation11 現(xiàn)在我也已經(jīng)完全忘了該如何讀“derby”“l(fā)eisure”“process”“depot”或“Caribbean”這些單詞。我的口音已經(jīng)有一點(diǎn)輕微的英國化，人們已經(jīng)不能很確定地說我來自哪里了。有時(shí)，我會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為美國人或者愛爾蘭人，雖然還有不少人會(huì)問我是不是加拿大人。12 我已經(jīng)不再嘗試在句子里面用“nix”和“boondoggle”這樣的詞了，因?yàn)樵谟]有對(duì)應(yīng)的說法。加拿大英語的日常用法里面有其他無數(shù)的詞，現(xiàn)在在我聽來都不熟悉了，但是我還是會(huì)樂意炫耀一下如“penultimate”（倒數(shù)第二）和“fortnight”（兩周）這樣的詞。

While-reading：Translation

13

我想很快有一天我要回到加拿大，但是我離開它已經(jīng)如此之久，我擔(dān)心我以后還能不能適應(yīng)?；氐阶约撼錾耐恋貐s操一口異域的語言，想想就傷心。我的詞匯和口音都已經(jīng)使我成了一個(gè)圈外人，而我不想在加拿大做一個(gè)外來者。同樣，要是永遠(yuǎn)不回加拿大，想想也讓我傷心。14

也許，僅僅是也許，加拿大還沒有離開過我，我寄望于此。我曾經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的詞語、慣用法、發(fā)音，已經(jīng)束之高閣多年，在我意識(shí)內(nèi)部某個(gè)地方，在需要的時(shí)候，它們隨時(shí)會(huì)再次浮現(xiàn)。

While-reading：Translationspiral/?spa?r?l/v.1）moveinaspiralcourse螺旋形移動(dòng);盤旋移動(dòng)

Thefallingleafspiralledtotheground.Thesmokespiralledupwards.

那股煙裊裊上升。

2）increaseordecreasecontinuously連續(xù)增長或減少Pricesarestillspiralling,ieincreasingrapidly.While-reading：Words&Phrases

物價(jià)仍在急劇上漲。

落葉盤旋著飄到了地上。

distress/d??stres/n.

1)(causeof)greatpain,sorrow,suffering,etc極大的痛苦﹑悲傷﹑苦難等（的緣由）

Towardstheendofthemarathonseveralrunnersshowedsignsofdistress.

2)(sufferingcausedby)lackofmoney,food,etc.

貧困;困苦

TheGovernmentactedquicklytorelievethewidespreaddistresscausedbytheearthquake.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

馬拉松賽接近終點(diǎn)時(shí),有些參賽者顯出極難受的樣子。地震造成廣泛地區(qū)的災(zāi)難,政府迅速采取行動(dòng)賑濟(jì)災(zāi)民。Ottawa

/??t?w?/

isthecapitalofCanada.ItstandsonthesouthbankoftheOttawaRiverintheeasternportionofSouthernOntario.OttawabordersGatineau,Quebec;thetwoformthecoresoftheOttawa–Gatineaucensusmetropolitanarea(CMA)andtheNationalCapitalRegion(NCR).The2011censusreportedapopulationof883,391withinthecity,and1,236,324withintheCMA,makingthemthefourth-largestcityandthefourth-largestCMAinCanadarespectively.TheCityofOttawahassinceestimatedithadapopulationof943,260in2013.

While-reading：Words&PhrasesBrit

/br?t/

n.[C]

aBritishperson英國人你可以根據(jù)他們的著裝判斷出他們是英國人。

While-reading：Words&PhrasesYoucouldtellbytheirclothesthattheywereBrits.heartbroken/?hɑ?t?br??k?n/adj.

extremelysad

悲傷的1.Ifsheeverlefthimhewouldbeheartbroken.

2.Iwashelplessandheartbroken,crying,andtoldhimthatIwassosorryIcouldn'tunderstand.Wordfamily:heartbreak

n.

While-reading：Words&Phrases如果她離開他，他會(huì)心碎的。

我感到無助和心碎,哭泣著對(duì)他說,真對(duì)不起,我無法明白他的意思。Carleton

UniversityisacomprehensiveuniversitylocatedinthecapitalofCanada,Ottawa,Ontario.TheenablinglegislationisTheCarletonUniversityAct,1952,S.O.1952.Originallyfoundedonrentedpremisesin1942,CarletonwouldgrowinsizetomeettheneedsofreturningWorldWarIIveteransandlaterbecameOntario'sfirstprivate,non-denominationalcollege.Itwouldexpandfurtherinthe1960s,consistentwithgovernmentpolicythatsawincreasedaccesstohighereducationasasocialgoodandmeanstoeconomicgrowth,andistodayapublicuniversity,offeringmorethan65academicprogramsacrossawiderangeofdisciplines.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

Chile/?t??li/,officiallytheRepublicofChile,isaSouthAmericancountryoccupyingalong,narrowstripoflandbetweentheAndesmountainstotheeastandthePacificOceantothewest.ItbordersPerutothenorth,Boliviatothenortheast,Argentinatotheeast,andtheDrakePassageinthefarsouth.

While-reading：Words&Phraseseffectively

/??fekt?vli/

adv.

1)ineffect,virtually實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上Beijingeffectivelyclaimsalmostthewholemaritimearea.Sheeffectivelyholdsavetooverpolicydecisions.

她實(shí)際上對(duì)政策決策擁有否決權(quán)。2)inaneffectivemanner有效地Servicesneedtobemoreeffectivelyorganisedthantheyareatpresent. Wordfamily:effective

a.

While-reading：Words&Phrases北京實(shí)際上宣稱對(duì)幾乎整片海域擁有主權(quán)。服務(wù)的管理應(yīng)該比現(xiàn)在更加有效。sidewalk

/?sa?d.w??k/

n.

apathwithahardsurfacebythesideofaroad

人行道1.Itisnotrespectabletospitonthesidewalk.2.Kesslersatonasplitchaironthesidewalk.While-reading：Words&Phrases在人行道上吐痰是不文雅的。

凱斯勒坐在人行道上的破椅子里。

tuque

/tu?k/

n.

CANADIANENGLISHFORbobblehat

雙層編結(jié)御寒帽While-reading：Words&Phrasesregional

/?ri?d??n?l/

adj.relatingtoorcomingfromaparticularpartofacountry

整個(gè)地區(qū)的,地方地,地域性的e.g.1.Nowheplanstorevuppublicitywitharegionalmediacampaign.

2.Underpressurefromthepublic,manyregionalgovernmentscleaneduptheirbeaches. 3.ThebookexplorestheconnectionbetweenAmericanethnicandregionalliteratures. Wordfamily:region

n.While-reading：Words&Phrases現(xiàn)在他準(zhǔn)備通過開展地區(qū)性的媒體活動(dòng)加大宣傳力度。迫于公眾壓力，許多地區(qū)政府對(duì)各自海灘進(jìn)行了清理。這本書探討了美國族裔文學(xué)與地區(qū)文學(xué)之間的關(guān)系。thumb

/θ?m/n.

1)shortthickfingersetapartfromtheotherfour拇指

2)partofaglovecoveringthis（手套的）拇指部分

3)(idm習(xí)語)beall(fingersand)thumbs十分笨拙;（尤指）笨手笨腳)While-reading：Words&Phrasesthumb

/θ?m/v.1)turnoverthepagesof(abook);make(abook,pages)wornordirtybydoingthis

翻（書）頁;將（書﹑書頁）翻壞或弄臟

thumbingthroughthedictionary

翻查詞典

awell-thumbedcopy

翻舊了的一本書2)(idm習(xí)語)thumbalift

向路過的機(jī)動(dòng)車豎起拇指表示要求免費(fèi)搭車thumbone'snoseatsb/sth

將拇指放在鼻尖上作為對(duì)某人[某事物]表示輕蔑的手勢While-reading：Words&Phrasesaghast/??gɑ?st/adj.

~(atsth)filledwithhorrororamazement驚恐;驚奇1.Hestoodaghastattheterriblesight.2.Theneighboursallstoodaghast,anddarednotmove.3.AsIlayinthatdarkhour,Iwasaghasttorealisethatsomethingwaswithinme.While-reading：Words&Phrases當(dāng)我在黑夜里躺著的時(shí)候,吃驚地體會(huì)到我心里有某種東西。

鄰居們都目瞪口呆,再不敢動(dòng)。他被那可怕的景象嚇呆了。

converge/k?n?v??d?/

v.

1.

~(atsth)(oflines,movingobjects,etc)(cometowardseachotherand)meetatapoint（指線條﹑運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體等）會(huì)於一點(diǎn),向一點(diǎn)會(huì)合;聚集

Parallellinesconvergeatinfinity.2.

(tendto)becomesimilaroridentical（趨於）相似或相同

Ourpreviouslyopposedviewsarebeginningtoconverge.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

平行線永不相交。

我們?cè)瓉硐嗷?duì)立的觀點(diǎn)開始趨於一致。immerse

/??m??s/

v.

1）~sth(insth)：putsthunderthesurfaceofaliquid使某物浸沒於液體中Immersetheplant(inwater)forafewminutes.2）~oneself(insth)：involveoneselfdeeply(insth);absorboneself使自己沉浸（於某事物）;使自己深陷於或?qū)Ｐ撵禜eimmersedhimselftotallyinhiswork.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

把那棵植物（在水里）浸泡幾分鐘。

他埋首于工作。quaint

/kwe?nt/adj.

attractivelyoddorold-fashioned

離奇有趣的;古色古香的

e.g.quaintoldcustoms稀奇古怪的舊風(fēng)俗quaintlittlecottagesonthevillagegreen在村中草地上的古樸的小房子Wordfamily:quainytly

adv.

While-reading：Words&Phraseshockey

/?h?k?/n.

(Brit)(USusu美式英語通常作fieldhockey)gameplayedonafieldbytwoteamsofelevenplayerseach,withcurvedsticksandasmallhardball

曲棍球

(US)=icehockey(ice).

冰上曲棍球While-reading：Words&Phrases

generic

/d???ner?k/

adj.

sharedbyorincludingawholegrouporclass;notspecific屬的;類的;一般的

1.

Thegenerictermforwine,spiritsandbeeris`alcoholicbeverages'.2.Migrationisagenerictermusedtoreferbothtoimmigrationandtoemigration.While-reading：Words&Phrases

葡萄灑﹑烈性灑﹑啤酒的通稱是酒類飲料。

遷移是一個(gè)用于有關(guān)移入和移出兩者的總名詞。

derogatory/d??r?g?tr?/adj.(abbrderoginthisdictionary詞典縮寫作derog)showingahostileorcriticalattitude(tosb'sreputation,etc);insulting

貶低的;毀損的;貶抑的;侮辱的

1.Theword`pig'isaderogatorytermforpoliceman.2.Hemadesomederogatorycomment/remarkaboutherappearance.While-reading：Words&Phrases

pig是個(gè)侮辱警察的詞。

他對(duì)于她的外貌說了一些傷人的言語。imperialist/?m?p??ri?l?st/1）adj.

animperialistpower

帝國主義的IndeedthehistoryofmodernChinaisahistoryofimperialistaggression,ofimperialistoppositiontoChina'sindependenceandtoherdevelopmentofcapitalism.2)

n.

someonewhosupportsimperialism

帝國主義者,皇帝派的人,帝制主義者InJune,theBritishimperialistandJapaneseimperialistwentonslaughteringinShanghaiandotherplaces.Wordfamily:imperial

adj.

While-reading：Words&Phrases帝國主義侵略中國,反對(duì)中國獨(dú)立,反對(duì)中國發(fā)展資本主義的歷史,就是中國的近代史。六月,英日等帝國主義在上海和其他地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行屠殺。

derby/?dɑ?b?/n.

1)theDerby[sing]annualhorseraceatEpsom,England德比馬賽（英國埃普瑟姆一年一度的馬賽）2)(US)anyofseveralannualhorseraces（每年舉行的任何的）馬賽

3)anyimportantsportingcontest（任何重要的）運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽

alocalderby,iebetweenlocalteams本地的運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽While-reading：Words&PhrasesCaribbean/k?r?'bi??n/n.

加勒比海adj.

加勒比人的;加勒比語的;加勒比海的CaribbeanPirate加勒比海盜While-reading：Words&Phrasesanglicize/???gl?sa?z/v.

make(sb/sth)EnglishorlikeEnglish使（某人[某事物]）英國化或英語化Anglicizedpronunciation

英語化的發(fā)音Teachingthestudentstoanglicize,concludeandcalculate.While-reading：Words&Phrasesnix

/n?ks/n.[U]nothing

沒有;無1.Itcostmeabsolutelynix.

我一分錢沒花。2.Fathersaidnixonourplan.3.Heworkedfornix.While-reading：Words&Phrases父親不同意我們的計(jì)劃。

他工作不取報(bào)酬。

boondoggle/?bu?n?dɑg?/n.[C]

auselessandexpensivepieceofwork,especiallyonewhichispaidforbythepublic <美俚>細(xì)小而無用的事，手工品Aboondoggle?Haveyoubeenlyingtousfromthestart?小事一樁？你是否從一開始就在撒謊？

While-reading：Words&Phrasescountless

/?kauntl?s/adj.

numerous;toomanytobecounted無數(shù)的;多得數(shù)不清的1.I'vetoldhercountlesstimes.我告訴她無數(shù)次了。2.

只有經(jīng)過了無數(shù)次修改后，約翰才認(rèn)為劇本寫好了。While-reading：Words&PhrasesOnlyaftercountlessrewritesdidJohnconsiderthescriptready. trot

/tr?t/v.

1)(ofahorseoritsrider)moveatapacefasterthanawalkbutslowerthanagallop（指馬或騎馬者）小跑2)(a)(ofaperson)runwithshortsteps（指人）小步快跑

Thechildwastrottingalongbesideitsparents.3)produce(espinformation,explanations,etcoftengivenbefore)forsbtohearorsee讓某人聽或看（尤指信息﹑解說性的事物等,常指提供過的）

Healwaystrotsoutthesameoldexcusesforbeinglate.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

他每次遲到總是重復(fù)那一套藉口。

那孩子小跑著跟在父母身邊。penultimate

/pe?n?lt?m?t/adj.nexttoandbeforethelastone;lastbutone

倒數(shù)第二的

thepenultimateletterofaword

一個(gè)單詞的倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母

thepenultimatedayofthemonth

月底的前一日

Novemberisthepenultimatemonthoftheyear.While-reading：Words&Phrases十一月份是一年中倒數(shù)的第二個(gè)月。

equally/'i?kw?l?/adv.

tothesamedegreeorlevel,orintoamountsorpartsthatarethesame相等地,平等地,同樣地1.Ministerscanequallycrediblyclaimthattheoppositionistoblame. 2.Theyneededhi