專題01閱讀理解“長難句克星”：主干提取三步法+觀點態(tài)度詞庫

內(nèi)容導航

盅考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢

[JJ重點速記：知識點和關(guān)鍵點梳理，查漏補缺

曾難點強化：難點內(nèi)容標注與講解，能力提升

?復習提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破

???考點聚焦<<<

1

???重點速記<<<

考點一細節(jié)理解題考查長難句

（高二上?浙江六校聯(lián)盟?期中）Inthevastanddiverseworldofanimals,thereexistsoddgesturesthatoften

leaveushumanspuzzledandamazed.Thesegestures,whichmayseemstrangeorunusualtous,areactually

fascinatingglimpsesintotheuniquebehaviorsandniunicationstylesofourpets.

Animalswantourallention,andsometimesthey'requiteobv:ousaboutaskingforit.Oddgestureareoften

ourpets'wayoftellingustostopwhatwc'rcdoingandplaywiththem.It'swhyFidoconstantlyfollowshistail

andwhyKittykeepsrollingaround.Anextremelyboredpetmaychoose“bad”behaviorstocauseareaction!

Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat'snotwhyhe'slicking（舔）yourface.AlittledogIcamstolickhis

moiher'smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn'tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.

Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets'kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,somet:messhe'lldo

ittofortherself.Onewayto（ellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoesonfbralongperiodoflime.

Atsonicpointyou'veprobablytoldthesewordstosomeonewhomadeyouangry.Dogsthinksimilarly,

avoidingeyecontactwithanyonewhoinjures（heirfeelings.Anothersignofanger:yawning（打哈欠）.Ayawning

dogmaynotbetiredbutanxious,rotboredbutstressed.Similarly,liplicking—whenthereisn'tfoodaroundto

bringaboutit—isanothersignofthreat.

Youmightthinkyourdogisrunningaroundthebackyard,havingthetimeofhislifewhileyou'reaway.But

therealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotfbrhours,waitingfbryoutoreturnwithanxiety.Dogs

actuallyprefertobeinside,ideallyv/iththeirowners.

I.Ifadogintendstoeatfood,whichactionwillittake?

A.Itstretchesitslegs,yawning.

B.Itmakesaneyecontactwithitsowner.

C.Itlicksitsowner'sfacewithasofttongue.

D.Itrunsaroundthebackyard,followingitstail.

2.Whatdoweleamaboutthegestureifacatconstantlykissesitself?

A.Itfeelsamused.B.Itfeelsstressed.

C.Itfeelsangry.D.Itfeelstired.

3.Whenthedogsitsforalongtimewithoutmoving,itreveals.

A.thedogiseagerlyawaitingyourreturnB.thedogdisplaysasignoftiredness

C.thedogisextremelyboredtoplaywithyouD.thedogdisplaysasignofembarrassment

》思路點撥：緬德廨面有長難句

1.1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat'snotwhyhe'slickingyourface.Alittle

doglearnstolickhismother'smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn'tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;

hejustwantsasnack.（當然，你的狗愛你，但它舔你的臉并不是這個原因。小狗通過舔母親的嘴來獲得一

點食物，所以Spot（狗名）并不是在按照我們的定義親吻你；它只是想要零食）”可知，如果狗想吃東西，

它會用柔軟的舌頭舔主人的臉。故選C。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets'kisses.Whileacatmightlickyouto

showlove,sometimesshe'lldoittofortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoes

onforalongperiodof〔ime.（貓主人也誤解了他們寵物的親吻<雖然貓可能會舔你來表達愛意，但有時候

它這樣做是為了讓自己平靜下來。一個判斷她的舔舐是否與壓力有關(guān)的方法是看這種行為是否會持續(xù)很

長時間）”可知，如果貓長時間地舔自己，可能是因為它感到壓力。故選B。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buttherealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,

waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.（但現(xiàn)實是，它很可能只是在一個地方坐上幾個小時，焦慮地等待你

回來）”可知，當狗長時間坐著不動時，它實際上是在急切地等待你回來。故選A。。

>1.C1.2.B3.A3.A

［長難句4）?析】Buttherealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotfbrhours,waitingforyoutoreturn

withanxiety.

句子that...：Buttherealityisthat...（但現(xiàn)實是...）

1.主語

thereality（“現(xiàn)實”，名詞短語）

2.謂語

is（系動詞，連接主語和表語）

3.表語（從句）

引導詞：thai（無實義）

從句核心：he'ssitting（"他正坐著”，現(xiàn)在進行時）

修飾詞：

mostlikely（副詞,“很可能”）

just（副詞,“只是"）

inonespot（地點狀語，”在一個地方”）

forhours（時間狀語，“數(shù)小時”）

伴隨動作：wailing「oryouloreturnwilhanxiely（"焦慮地等你回來”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，說明坐著時的狀態(tài)）

翻譯：但現(xiàn)實是，它很可能只是在一個地方坐上幾個小時，焦慮地等待你回來。

考點二推理判斷題與觀點態(tài)度

（高二上?廣東部分名校?期中）Inrecentyears,anewtrendcalledbegpackinghasappearedinthetravel

world.Thistermisabinationofbeggingandbackpacking.Begpackersaretypicallysometouristswhotravelto

othercountries,andaskformoneyfromlocalstohelpsupporttheirtrips.Theycanbeseensittinginstreetswith

signswritteninthelocallanguage,askingformoneytofundtheirtravels.Somebegpackersplaymusicorsell

handmadeitemstogetmoney.Othersjustaskformoneywithoutgivinganythingbackinreturn.

Whilebegpackingmightappeartobeaninnocentwayfbrtravelerstofundtheirtrips,it'sagainstthelawto

earnmoneyasatouristinmanycountries.Evenso,thisdoesn'tseemtostopbegpackersfromtrying.Andasa

result,it'scausedalotofcontroversial（有爭議的）discussion.

“Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don'tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayfbrit,“RobertRashidwroteina

Mediumarticle.Rashid,ajournalistwholivesinSeoul,hasbeencalledthe“begpackerbuster',andisknownfbr

speakingoutagainsttouristswhobegonthestreets.Heevenreportsthemtothepolice.Rashidsaidhebelieves

begpackingis“emotionalbribery（賄賂）”,andtakesadvantageofthegenerosityoflocals,someofwhommightbe

pocrthemselves.

FilipinolawyerRaphaelPangalangansaidbegpackingisanexampleof^nationalityprivilege”—having

advantagesbecauseofthecountryofyournationality.t4Ifpeoplefrompoorercountriesweretotrybegpacking,n

Pangalangansaid,“theywouldbequicklydeported（驅(qū)逐出境）

ButWillHattonfromthetravelwebsiteTheBrokeBackpackersaysbegpackingdoesn'thavetobea

negativething.HetoldCNNhedoesn'tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemsto

fundtheirtravelsarcbeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.

1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?

A.Showtheauthor'spointofview.

引導詞：ihat（省略，口語中常見）

從句主語：he

從句謂語：doesn'tsupport（否定式，“不支持”）

從句賓語：begging（動名詞，“乞討”）

people...arcbrave...vespeople...arebeingbrave...

轉(zhuǎn)折連詞：but（連接兩個分句，表轉(zhuǎn)折）

主語：he（代詞，與前句主語一致）

謂語:believes（及物動詞，“認為”）

賓語（從句）：peoplewho...arebeingbraveandexploring...

引導詞：that（省略）

從句主語：people

定語從句（修飾people）：whoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravels

引導詞：who（指代people,作主語）

并列謂語:playmusic/sellitems

目的狀語：tofundtheirtravels（不定式，”為旅行籌資”）

從句謂語（主從句）：arcbeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles

并列結(jié)構(gòu)：

arebeingbrave（現(xiàn)在進行時表狀態(tài)，“表現(xiàn)得勇敢”）

andexploringalternativelifestyles（與前項并列,“探索另類生活方式”）

翻譯：他告訴CNN,他不支持乞討，但他相信那些通過播放音樂或出售物品來為旅行籌集資金的人

是勇敢的，他們在探索另一種生活力式。

考點三詞義猜測題

____——_____

（高二上?重慶七校?期中）Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoing

somethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedfbrthedeeplymiltedand

adventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;

eb洋ewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Ilwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butit

wasnotgoing（obefun.

Iwasverywrong.Beforesellingmycar,Iworriedmostaboutridinginthecoldwintermonths.ButI

quicklylearnedthat,asthesayinggoes,thereisnobadweather,onlybadclothes.Iweargloves,warmsocksanda

skijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.

ThoughI,likemanywouldbecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,the

ebikesolvedmyproblem.Evenwhentherewas35degreesCelsiusoutside,Ididn'tsweat,thankstomybike's

pedalassistmode（腳踏輔助模式）.IfIamhonest,sometimesIdidn'tevenpedal;Ijustswitchedtopedalassist

mode,satbackandenjoyedmyride.

Butbikingtoworkwasn'tjustnotunpleasant-itwasentirelyenjoyable.Oneday,shortlyaftersellingour

car,Ihoppedon（b兆上）mybikeafterastressfuldayatworkandrodehomedownastreetedgedwithchangingfall

leaves.IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI'dtraveledthesameroute

surroundedbymetalandglass.Ihavetosay.thissensationmademehappierandhealthier.

Ofcourse,ebikesaren'tgoingtoreplaceeverycaroneverytrip.Inacountrywhereuncontrolledstretching

ofsuburbsandmallsandunprotectedbikepathsarcthenorm,it'sunrealistictoexpectebikestoreplacecarsinthe

waythat（heModelT（福特公司第?款大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的汽車）replacedhorses.Butasanindividual,makingshort

tripsonanebikewouldsavemoney,cutcarbonfootprints,andimprovehealthandwellbeing.

4.Whatdidtheauthororiginallythinkoflettinggoofhiscar?

A.Ahealthymove.B.Adifficultchoice.

C.Acallofduty.D.Acrowddrivendecision.

5.Howdidtheauthorfeelabout（hsactualexperienceofridingtowork?

A.Confused.B.Embarrassed.C.Anxious.D.Amazed.

6.Whatdocstheunderlinedpart“thissensation''inparagraph4referto?

A.Interestinexploringnewmures.R.Desiretoheadhampfaster.

C.Relieffromworkpressure.D.Loveforexposuretonature.

A思路點撥：例題主要考查詞義猜測題。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatI

wasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthe

deeplymiltedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.

However.IliveinColorado;ebikcwouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwas

therightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.（一年前，我賣掉了一輛汽車,換上了一輛

電動自行車。我知道我在為地球做些好事。但我仍然認為，放棄我的汽車是那些獻身精神和冒險精

神的人的事情，是綠色和平組織的志愿者為了讓世界變得更美好而做的事情。然而，我住在科羅拉

多州；騎電動自行車意味著冬天挨凍，夏天大汗淋漓。我想，這樣做是對的，但這不會很有趣）”可

知，科羅拉多州的氣候不適合騎電動自行車，會讓人受累。由此可知，作者原本認為放棄他的汽車

是一個艱難的選擇。故選B項。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmost

nevertoocold.（我騎車時戴手套，穿暖和的襪子和滑雪服，所以我?guī)缀鯊牟挥X得太冷廠、第三段中

“ThoughI,likemanywoukibecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,

theebikesolvedmyproblem.（雖然我和許多想騎自行車的人一樣，擔心在炎熱的月份上班時汗流泱

背，但電動自行車解決了我的問題）”和第四段中“Butbikingtoworkwasn'tjustnotunpleasant—itwas

eniirelyenjoyable.（但是騎自行車上班不僅沒有不愉快，而且完全是一種享受）”可知，作者原本擔心

的受凍、流汗的問題幾乎不存在，相反，騎自行車還帶來了享受。由此可知，作者對騎車上班的實

際經(jīng)歷感到驚嘆。故選D項。

6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Ifeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethan

IhadwhenI'dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.（我感覺自己與周圍的自然環(huán)境更

緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，而不是走在被金屬和玻璃包圍的同一條路線上）”可推知，“這種感覺''指的是前

面描述的對接觸自然的喜愛。故選D項。

>答案4.B5.D6.D

考點四主旨大意題

（高二L廣東深圳三校聯(lián)考?期中）Thecliche（陳訶濫調(diào)）ofakniuerisawhitehairedlady.Butinthe

1940s.youngmaleRoyalAirForcepilotsusedneedlesastheywaitedfbrtheirnextmission.Wartimepilots

crashedalotand4ilapcrafts^^likeknitting,helpedrebuildflexibilityinwoundedlimbswhilealsohelpingtosettle

woundedminds.Theywerethefoundationofearlyoccupationaltherapy（治療）.

Today,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldemploythesesametechniques."Theyarccloselyassociatedwith

ourmentalhealth,MsaysJanineSmith,theownerofastorethatsellssuppliesfbrknittingandcrocheting（用鉤針編

制）,"IknowthatifIhaven'tknittedfbrafewdays,Ireallymissit.It'slikemeditation.”

PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiff

Universitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,

thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.

Inreality,itisa“Flow"，whichisaconceptfirstnamedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyiashe

wroteinhisbook,44Thebestmomentsinourlivesarenotthepassive,receptive,relaxingtimes.Thebestmoments

usuallyoccurifaperson'sbodyormindisstretchedtoitslimitsinavoluntaryefforttoacplishsomethingdifficult

andworthwhile.”

ShaunaRichardsonknowsjusthowtruethisis.Theartistspent18monthsinastateofflowwhenshe

crochetedthreesevcnmctrclonglionsforthe2012CulturalOlympiad.Toplctcthetask,whichrequirednearly38

milesofwool,shesaysshehadto“zoneeverythingoutandsustainastateofminddrivenbyrhythmandprocess.''

Butsmallerprojectswillalsogetyouthere.Evenasimpleknittingorcrochetpatternrequiresattentiveness

toensurethateachstitchismadecorrectly.Andifthere'snotenoughchallengeinthestraightforward,youcan

makeadditions,fromcolourchangestotexturedstitchestohighlyplicatedpatterns.

TheCardiffresearchteamfoundthateventhoughmostofthepeoplesuneyedwereemployed,threequarters

of（hosewhoknittedthreeormoretimesaweekfeltsignificantlymoreabletoorganisetheirthoughtsandforget

theirproblems.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ActiveHands,CalmMinds.B.UniqueTherapy,EffectiveHealing.

C.SpecialTechniques,OrganizedThoughts.D.SimpleKnitting,StrongBody.

>思路點撥：例題主要考查主旨大意題

1.主旨大意題。通讀全文,重點結(jié)合文章第三段“PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapist

JillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersand

foundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.（物理治療師貝特森?科克希爾

和職業(yè)治療師吉爾?萊利是卡迪夫大學一個團隊的成員。十年前，該團隊對3500多名編織者進行了調(diào)查,

發(fā)現(xiàn)人們編織的頻率越高，感覺就越平靜和快樂。）”可知，文章主要介紹了編織活動對人們心理健康的

積極影響，包括讓人心情平靜、進入“心流”狀態(tài)。故A選項“ActiveHands,CalmMinds（靈巧的雙手，平

靜的心靈）”準確概括了文章主旨，是最佳標題。故選A項。.

>答案I.A

???難點強化<<<

Passage01

（?廣東八校聯(lián)盟?高二上教學質(zhì)量檢測）"Who'sagoodreader?Ifsyou,isn'til?"Thisisatypicalexample

of"parentese（父母語）Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangivethe

babies'languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowtospeak

properparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren'slongterm

languageskills.

Parenteseisdistinctfromconventionalbabytalk,whichmostlyreliesonsillysoundsandmadeupwords.In

the1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticedauniquestylethatadultsused

addressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsandgrammar,highpitch（音調(diào)）anda

muchslowerspeed.Thebabydircctcdspeechwasfirstnamed“mothcrcsc“beforeitwascalled“parcntcsc”.

Laterresearchshowedparenteseisgrammaticallycorrect,withrealwordsandphrases,whichhelpedbabies

differentiatebetweenwordsandprocesswhatwasbeingsaid."We'veknownfbrsometimethatuseofparenteseis

associatedwithimprovedlanguageoutes,butwedidn'tknowwhy,“saysPatriciaK.Kuhl,thenewresearch's

seniorauthor.ButKuhlthinksthenewresearchsuggestswhyparentesehelpsbabieslearnlanguageskills.

“Wcnowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit'sasocialattractionforthebabybrain,“shesays.'Itshighpitch

andslowerspeedarcsociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorcspond.^^

All71familiesinthenewstudyhadtheirchildrenequippedwithaspecialcoatwithanaudiorecorderbuilt

in.Duringfourseparateweekendswhenthebabieswere6,10,14and18monthsold,theresearchersrecordedallof

theinteractionsbetweenfamilymembersandthebabies.The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourse

inparenteselearnedaboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversation.

Andeventhoughalloftheparticipatingfamiliesusedsomeformofparenteseatthestartofthestudy,the

babiesofparentswhoreceivedcoachingshowedthemostimprovementsintheirconversationskills.Beyondthat,

thosebabieshada1OOwordvocabularyparedwiththecontrolgroup,whoonlyknew60wordsat18months.

8.Whichaspectofthenewstudydoesparagraph1focuson?

A.Itsaim.B.Itsresult.C.Itsprocedure.D.Itsparticipants.

9.Whatdidscientistsfindaboutparentesein仆i1960s?

A.Ilwaseasytofollow.B.Itwasuniquetomothers.

C.Itwasfullofmadeupwords.D.Itwassimilartotraditionalbabytalk.

10.WhatdocsKuhlsayaboutparentese?

A.Itinspiresbabiestospeakmore.B.Ithasshorttermeffectsonbabies.

C.Itteachesbabiesmoresocialskills.D.Ithelpsbabiesdifferentiatewordsandphrases,

11.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“coaching”nthelastparagraphmean?

A.Casualadviceorguidance.B.Formaltrainingorinstruction.

C.Observationwithoutintervention.D.Emotionalsupportwithoutpracticalhelp.

【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了最新的研究表明，父母對嬰兒說的父母語有助于嬰兒語言的發(fā)展。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangive

thebabies'languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowto

speakproperparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren's

longtermlanguageskills.（最近的研究表明，父母對孩子說父母話可以大大促進孩子的語言發(fā)展。在這項研究

中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，教父母如何說正確的父母語可以提高他們與孩子溝通的能力，甚至可以提高孩了?的長

期語言技能）“可知，第一段主要關(guān)注的是研究的結(jié)果，即教父母如何說正確的“父母語”可以增強他們與嬰兒

溝通的能力，甚至提高孩子的長期語言技能。故選B。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthe1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticed

auniquestylethatadultsusedaddressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsand

grammar,highpitch（音調(diào)）andamuchslowerspeed.（在20世紀60年代，研究不同語言的語言模式的科學家

注意到，成年人對幼兒的稱呼有一種獨特的風格。這種語言的特點是單詞和語法簡單，音調(diào)高，語速慢得

多）”可推知，20世紀60年代，父母對幼兒說的話的特點是單詞和語法簡單，說話速度慢，故可推知，20

世紀60年代的父母語很容易聽懂。故選Ao

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“'Wenowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit'sasocialattractionforthebabybrain/

shesays.'Itshighpitchandslowerspeedarcsociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorespond.'（'我們現(xiàn)在認為，父

母語之所以有效，是因為它對嬰兒的大腦是一種社會吸引力，‘她說?！母咭粽{(diào)和較慢的速度具有社交吸

引力，并邀請嬰兒做出回應(yīng)。’）“可知，Kuhl認為父母語是有用的，它邀請嬰兒積極做出回應(yīng)，因此可以鼓

勵嬰兒說話。故選A。

11.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中“The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourseinparenteselearned

aboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversalion.（隨機選擇的48個家庭參加了父母語課程,學習了如何在

談話中更多地使用父母語）”可知，48個家庭被隨機選中參加了一個關(guān)于“parentese”的課程，并學習了如何在

對話中更多地使用這種語言方式，而那些接受了指導的父母的孩子在對話技能上表現(xiàn)出了最大的進步。因

此，coaching在這里指的是提供關(guān)于特定技能或主題的正式培訓或指導。故選B。

Passage02

（?安徽十校聯(lián)考?高二上1月聯(lián)考）hisamonviewthat'"Necessityisthemotherofinven:ion^^.Thatis,

inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.

Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins（軋棉Hi）toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcotton

grownintheU.S.South.

Suchfamiliarexamplesfoolusintoassumingthatothermajorinventionswerealsoresponsestoperceived

needs.Infact,mostinventionsweredevelopedbypeopledrivenbycuriosityorbyaloveoftinkering（搗鼓）.Once

adevicehadbeeninvented,theinventorthenhadtofindanapplicationforit.Onlyafterithadbeeninusefora

considerabletimedidconsumersctofeelthatthey“needed"it.Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,

ratherthanviceversa.

Agoodexampleisthehistoryofthemotorvehiclewhichwasnotinventedinresponsetoanydemand.

WhenNikolausOttobuilthisfirstgasenginein1866,itwasweak,heavy,andsevenfeettall.Thirtyyearslater,he

builtthefirsttruck.Butitwasatimewhenhorsewagonsandstcainpowcrcdrailroadsdominatedtransportation.

PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthatthey

reallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorsedrawnwagonsinindustrialized

countries.

Inventorsoftenhavetoinsistontheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,because

earlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswere

asawfillasOtto'ssevenfoottallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorher

awfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.Eveninventions

thatmeettheneedfbrwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseen

needs.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwalerfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowerto

cotionmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)drivingtrainsandboats.

28.WhyisEliWhitneymenlionedbythewriterin(hefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Todenyastatement.

C.Toclarifyadoubt.D.TDillustrateaview.

29.Whatledtothewideuseofmotorvehiclesaccordingto(hetext?

A.Theimprovementofengineperformance.B.TheendofWorldWarI.

C.Theneedofthemilitaryduringwartime.D.Thedeclineofhorsedrawnwagons.

30.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordiiThat^^refertointhelastparagraph?

A.Absenceofpublicdemand.B.Badperformanceofearlymodels.

C.Alackoftimeandexpense.D.Awfullooksofpreviousinventions.

31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.SocialNeed:theInnerDrivefbrInvention

B.GreatInvention:theForceofSociety'sProgress

C.BeyondNecessity:theCuriousPursuitofInvention

D.GeneralApplication:theFinalPurposeofInvention

【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.C

【導語】這是?篇議論文。文章探討了傳統(tǒng)認識“需要是發(fā)明之母”的正確性，認為發(fā)明往往超出了事先所

認定的需求，是出于好奇的一種探索追求。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisamonviewthat''Necessityisthemotherofinvcntion^^.Thatis,inventions

supposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,

in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(軋棉機)toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.

South.(人們普遍認為“需要是發(fā)明之母“。也就是說，當一個社會有一種未被滿足的需求時，發(fā)明就會出現(xiàn)。

相當多的發(fā)明確實屬于這一類。例如，1794年,EliWhimey發(fā)明了軋棉機,以取代美國南部種植的棉花的

手工清洗)”可知，以EliWhitney發(fā)明軋棉機為例，就是為了闡釋“需求是發(fā)明之母”這一觀點，所以是用其

來舉例說明觀點。故選D項。

29.細由理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhen

thearmiesconcludedthat(heyreallydidneed(rucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstitutefor

horsedrawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.(公眾對這兩種交通工具的滿意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大

戰(zhàn)，軍隊得出結(jié)論，他們確實需要卡車，這最終使卡車成為工業(yè)化國家馬車的替代品)“可知，是軍隊的需要

推動了機動車的流行。故選C項。

30.詞句猜測題v根據(jù)最后一段中“Inventorsoftenhavetopersistattheirtinkeringfbralongtime:ntheabsence

ofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,

andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto'ssevenfbotta11gasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventorto

foreseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmorelimeandexpenseto

developit.（在沒有公眾需求的情況下，發(fā)明家通常不得不長時間堅持他們的修理，因為早期模型的性能太差

而無法使用。例如，第一臺相機、打字機和電視機與0口。的7英尺高的燃氣發(fā)動機一樣糟糕。這使得發(fā)明

家很難預(yù)見他或她糟糕的原型最終是否會找到用途，從而投入更多的時間和費用來開發(fā)它）“可知，That指代

的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差這一情況。故選B項。

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisamonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.（人們普遍認為“需

要是發(fā)明之母以及第二段中“Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.（因此，發(fā)

明往往是必要性之母，而不是反過來）“以及最后一段中“Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywere

initiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhis

steamenginetopumpwalerfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then（withmuchgreater

profit）propellingtrainsandboats.（即使是滿足最初設(shè)計需求的發(fā)明，也可能在后來證明在滿足不可預(yù)見的需

求方面更有價值。雖然詹姆斯?瓦特設(shè)計了他的蒸汽機從礦井中抽水，但它很快就為棉紡廠提供動力，然后

（利潤更大）推動火車和船只）“可知，本文強調(diào)發(fā)明往往超出了事先所認定的需求，是出于好奇的一種探索

追求。C選項“超越需求：對發(fā)明的好奇追求“能很好地概括文章主旨，故選C項。

Passage（）3

（?河南豫北名校?高二上9月聯(lián)考）Wavesofinnovationoftencreategiants.Artificialintelligence（AI）may

wellbethenextbigtechnologicalshift,transformingthewayofbusinesses.Firmssellingthesoftwareand

hardwarethatsupportAIwillgainalotofprofit.ButnoneisbetterpositionedthanNvidia,anAmericanfirm（hat

makesspecialistAIchips.Itsmarketvaluebrieflypassed$1,000billionthisweek.WillNvidiaalwaysbea

tecligiantinthisfield?

Thehype（炒作）aroundAImakesthequestionhardtoanswer.ExcitementaboutNvidiabegantomountin

November,afterthereleaseofChalGPT,anAlpoweredchatbot.SincethenmanykindsoffirmshavelaunchedAI

products.

Nvidiaisinanenviable（令人羨慕的）position.Itscorebusinessisdesigninghighperfbrmancechips.At

firstitsoldthesetovideogamelovers.ThechipswerealsohighlyefficientattrainingAImodels,andanew,

boomingmarketemerged.

Nvidiaalsohadtheforethoughttoinvestintwoareasthathelpedstrengthenitsdominance（支配地位）.One

isadvancednetworking