UnitBacktothepast（譯林版2020選擇性必修第三冊）

單元話題閱讀精練（閱讀理解15篇十七選五5篇）

L閱讀理解

A

（2024上?山東臨沂?高二統(tǒng)考期末）TheIncaEmpirewasthemostpowerfuloftheday.rulingwesternSouth

Americabetween1400and1533.AndtheIncaleaderssometimesneededvacations!That'swhytheIncabuilt

MachuPicchuinwhat'snowPeru.Allthat'slefttodayareruins,butabout500yearsago,itwasabustlingroyal

residence.Peekintothepasttodiscoverthesecretsofthisawesomespot.

ROYALRELAXATION

Theroyalfamilylivedmostlyinthemountainouscapitalcity,Cusco.Butduringthewinter,theycouldmove

dov/ntothewarmerMachuPicchu.EmperorPachacutiIncaYupanquilikelyorderedconstructionofilaround

1450.There,theroyalscouldfeastandentertainguests.Theother750residentsservedthenilersandmaintained

thecity.

PERFECTFIT

EarthquakesaremoninPeru,soIncabuildersdesignedMachuPicchutoresisttheseshakes.Theycutthe

stonestofittogether,andtheydidn'tuseanymaterial,likecement,tobindthem.Thisway,whenthegroundshook,

thesionescouldbouncearoundand（hensettlebackintoplace.

CODEDLANGUAGE

TheIncadidn'thaveawrittenlanguageandinsteadusedknottedcordscalledquipu（KEEpoo）tosend

messagesandkeeprecords.Expertsthinkthestyleoftheknotandthecolorofthestringcontainedinformation.

Researchersarenowusingputerstotrytountangletheselonglostcodes.

1.WhydidtheIncaEmpirebuildMachuPicchu?

A.Forpleasureofmoreresidents.B.Fortherecreationoftheleaders.

C.Forrelocatingthecapitalcity.D.Forappealingtomorevacationers.

2.WhatdidIncabuildersdotoresisttheshakes?

A.Theymadethestonesfittogether.B.Theyusedcementtobindthem.

C.Theymadethestonesbouncearound.D.Theysettledthestonesbackintoplace.

3.HowdidtheIncashareimportantinformation?

A.Bytellingothersfacetoface.B.Bywritingitdownonlargestones.

C.Byusingtheirownuniquelanguage.L）.Bycoloringsomematerialspicked.

【答案】l.B2.A3.C

【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了馬丘比丘建造的原因以及三方面的特點。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段”AndtheIncaleaderssometimesneededvacations!Thal'swhytheIncabuiltMachu

Picchuinwhat'snowPeru.（而且印力II領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有時也需要休假！這就是Ef］加入在現(xiàn)在的秘魯建造馬丘比丘的原

因廠可知，印加帝國建造馬丘比丘是為了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們的娛樂。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theycutthestonestofittogether,andtheydidn'tuseanymaterial,likecement,to

bindthem.Thisway,whenthegroundshook,thestonescouldbouncearoundandthensettlebackintoplace.（他們

把石頭切割成一塊塊的，沒有使用任何材料，比如水泥，來粘合它們。這樣，當(dāng)?shù)孛嬲饎訒r，石頭可以四

處彈跳，然后回到原來的位置）”可知，印加建造者把石頭拼在一起抵御地震。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheIncadidn'thaveawrittenlanguageandinsteadusedknottedcordscalled

quipu（KEEpoo）tosendmessagesandkeeprecords.（印加人沒有書面語言,而是使用一種名為quipu（KEEpoo）

的繩結(jié)來傳遞信息和保存記錄。專家認(rèn)為打結(jié)的樣式和繩子的顏色包含了信息）“可知，印加人通過使用自己

獨特的語言來分享重要信息。故選C。

B

（2024上?廣西百色?高二統(tǒng)考期末）

WalkThroughHistory

It'snosurprisetoanyonewho'sbeentoCharlestonthatitisaiwngthebestUScitiestovisit."Itcanfeellike

yoirreinadreamsometimes,likeyou'vesteppedback200years/'saysBrianSimms,theownerofCharleston

SoleWalkingTours.TheseareSimms'smustsees.

AfricanAmericanHeritage（遺產(chǎn)）Tour

“Peopledon'trealizehowmuchAfricancultureishere."saysSimms.Heremendslearningaboutthe

AfricanAmericanheritagethatshapedthecity,regionandcountrytofullyunderstandCharleston.

twohourbustourfor$18..gullahtours

BatteryandWhitePointGardens

Alargepublicparkandgardenwithwalkingpathsandartifacts（人匚制品）一allshadedbybeautifultrees.

Freeadmission.Simmsprovidestwohourguidedtoursfor$10to$20..charlestonsolc

MiddletonPlace

MiddletonPlaceisahistoricplantation（種植園）withvividexhibitsandaworkingtable.Itprovidesan

allaroundviewofwhatwasgoingonwiththehistoryofthefamiliesthatrantheplantation.

$28/adult;$15/student14andolder;$10/child613;free/underage6..middletonp山

FortSummerNationalMonument

MarkingthesitewherethefirstshotsoftheCivilWarwerefired,thishistoricplaceincludesseveralsites

aroundCharlestonHarborandaneducationcenteratGadsden'sWharf.Thebesttimeofyeartovisitis

spring——whentheazaleas（杜鵑花）arcflowering-orfall.

Admissionisfree：boatrideis$19.5/adult,$12/child..nD/fosu

4.Wherecanyoubookatour（olearnaboutAfricanAmericaculture?

A.On./fbsu.B.On.gullahtours.

C.On.charlestonsole.D.On..

5.WhatcanwedoatMiddletonPlace?

A.Visitaneducationcenter.

B.Appreciatethebeautyofazaleas.

C.LearnaboutthehistoryofAmericanfamilies.

D.Learnabouttheoperationofahistoricplantations

6.HowmuchshouldayoungcouplepayforaboatridearoundCharlestonHarbor?

A.$20.B.$36.

C.$39.D.$56.

【答案】4.B5.D6.C

【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。講述的是一些步行旅行了解歷史的活動。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過審題得知題目的關(guān)鍵詞信息是AfricanAmericaculture,在哪個網(wǎng)站可以了解這個文化

之旅。瀏覽文章信息得知西姆斯推薦了解那些塑造城市的非洲裔美國籍遺產(chǎn)……以便充分了解查爾斯頓。

這段文字底下有一個網(wǎng)站，這就是我們要的答案。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過審題得知題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是MiddieionPlace,在這個地方我們可以做什么。定位于第

三個小標(biāo)題處。瀏覽信息得知文章中講的是這個地方帶有生動有趣的展覽和工作實踐的地方，它是一個有

著悠久歷史的種植園。它提供全方位的視角了解歷史上的家庭是如何種植這些種植園的。據(jù)此可以推出答

案為D選項Learnabouttheoperationofahistoricplantations了解歷史種植園的運作方式。故選D。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。這是一道細(xì)節(jié)理解題類型中計算題。根據(jù)題干口的CharlestonHarbor這一關(guān)鋰詞定位于最

后一段瀏覽相關(guān)信息即可。查讀到boatrideis$19.5/adult坐船成人票每人19.5美元。那么一對夫婦，也就

是兩個人應(yīng)該是39美元。故選C,

C

ANCIENTCHINESEARTONSHOW

TheRichfieldMuseumofFineArtisproudtopresentournewexhibition,"FromShangtoQing:ChineseArt

ThroughtheAges."Joinusaswcexploremorethan3,00()yearsofwonderfulartfromtheMiddleKingdom.From

bronzebowlstoceramicvases,andjadesculpturestoinkwashpaintings,ourgoalistodisplaytheChineseartistic

geniusfromancienttimes.

ThehighlightofthisexhibitionisthepaintingClearingAfterSnowonaMountainPass,oneofthegreat

worksofTangYin(1470—1524).BornduringtheMingDynasty,Tangsoughtandfailedtogainentryintothecivil

service,soheturnedtopaintinginstead.Intime,hegainedrecognitionasoneofthegreatestartistsChinahasever

known.Thispainting,showinghighmountains,trees,andhousescoveredinsnow,wasmadewithextraordinary

skill.Thoughitisover500yearsolc,itlooksasfreshandfulloflifeasthedayitwascreated.

Alsoofprimarynoteisacollectionofnearly1(X)bronzeobjectsfromtheShangDynasty(1600BCE—1046

BCE).Whiletheartistswhomadethesegreatworksarenotknown,(heyshowedgreatskillincreatingthese

beautifulpieces.SomeoftheitemsondisplayarethoughttohaveefromthecollectionofEmperorQianlong(1711

—1799),agreatadmirerofShangDynastybronze.

Finally,wehavemanyfineexamplesofTangDynasty(618—907)sculptures.MostoftheseareofBuddhist

origin.EventhoughBuddhismenteredChinamuchearlier,itdidnotreallybegintoshowexpansionuntilthe

seventhcentury.

Duringthissameperiod,tradealongtheSilkRoadalsoboomed.Chinesesculpturethusfounditselfhighly

influencedbyBuddhistartbroughtfromIndiaandCentralAsiathroughtheSilkRoad.Theseworkswereintended

tospreadBuddhismandtheyarcofexceptionalbeautyandquality.Lookingatthefacesofthefiguresinthese

國自古以來的藝術(shù)天才，它的主題為“從商到清：中國藝術(shù)的歷史”，所以選項A、C、D正確，它展出的除

了有青銅碗、陶瓷花瓶和玉雕，還有水墨畫，所以B項不對。故選B項。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“BornduringtheMingDynasty,Tangsoughtandfailedtogaincn:ryintothe

civilservice,soheturnedtopaintinginstead.Intime,hegainedrecognitionasoneofthegreatestartistsChinahas

everknown.Thispainting,showinghighmountains,trees,andhousescoveredinsnow,wasmadewith

extraordinaryskill.Thoughitisover500yearsold,itlooksasfreshandfulloflifeasthedayitwascreated.（唐寅

生在明朝，他試圖進(jìn)入政府行政部門，但沒有成功，所以他轉(zhuǎn)向繪畫。隨著時間的推移，他被公認(rèn)為中國

有史以來最偉大的藝術(shù)家之一。這幅畫描繪了高山、樹木和白雪覆蓋的房屋，是用非凡的技巧完成的。雖

然它已經(jīng)有500多年的歷史了，但它看起來仍然像它被創(chuàng)造的那一-天一樣新鮮和充滿生機(jī)。）“可唐寅生在明

代而不是清代，他沒能進(jìn)入政府行政部門，他的名畫ClearingAfterSnowonaMountainPass是500年之前

畫的而不是400年前，他被公認(rèn)為中國有史以來最偉大的藝術(shù)家之一。故選C項。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“TheseworkswereintendedtospreadBuddhismandtheyareofexceptional

beautyandquality.（這些作品旨在傳播佛教，它們具有非凡的美感和質(zhì)量。廠可知唐代的雕刻有著非凡的美

麗和品質(zhì)。故選C項。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)笫四段""FromShangtoQing:ChineseArtThroughtheAges”willrununtil

November25.（“從商到清:歷代中國藝術(shù)”將持續(xù)到11月25日。）”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Openinghoursarefrom

9:00a.m.to5:00p.m.,fromTuesdaytoSunday（themuseumisclosedonMondays）.Noonewillbeadmittedinto

theexhibitionafter4:30p.m.（開放時間為周二至周日上午9點至二午5點（周一閉館）。下午4:30以后，任何

人不得進(jìn)入展覽會。）”以及最后一段“Nophotosorfoodanddrinkareallowedinthemuseum.（博物館內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)拍

照、不準(zhǔn)攜帶食物和飲料。）''可知這個展覽持續(xù)到11月25日，在博物館不能吃午飯，周一閉館，所以如果

你參觀這個展覽,你應(yīng)該在星期二卜午9點到下午5點參觀°故選D項.

D

（2024上?四川廣安?高二四川省華釜中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Theancientsilkroadwasaonceinalifetime

journey.Itwasoneofthemostimportantmilestonesoftradeandcultureinworldhistory,andthepioneer,Zhang

Qian,couldnotbeeasilyforgottenbyhistory.Hewasanoutstandingdiplomat,travelerandexplorerintheHan

DynastyofChina,honoredasthe“thefirstChinesetoopentheireyestoseetheworld^^and“iheColumbusofthe

east”.

In138BC,atthereignofEmperorWudi,ZhangQianwassenttothewestofChinaforanalliancewiththe

YuechipeopletofightagainsttheXiongnu.HestartedhistripfromChang'an（nowXi'aninShanxiProvince）to

Longxi（inGansuProvince）.Alongtheway,nomatterhowdifficult（heenvironmentwas,hisfaithwasfirm.But

unfortunately,ZhangwascaughtbytheXiongnupeoplejustasheleftHan,andwasheldprisonerfortenyears.

Zhangfinallymanagedtoescapewithsomeofhismenandcontinuedtotravelwestwithoutarydryfoodor

drinkingwater.Duetotheexcellentskillofshootingarrows,theysurvivedbyeatingsomebirdsandotheranimals

alongtheway.WhenZhangatlastreachedtheYuechiinNorthernIndia,hewasdisappointedtofindthat（hey

didn'twanttofightagainsttheXiongnupeople.Onthereturnjourney,ZhangQianandhismenwereagaincaught.

Itwasnotuntil125BCthattheyreturnedtoChang'an.

ThoughZhanghadn'tfinishedhismission,hebroughtbackfirsthandinfonnationonthegeography,

ethnography,andsocietiesofCentralAsia.ThepathsZhangQianexploredlaterservedasthehighwaysconnecting

Europe,theMiddleEast,Mesopotamia,CentralAsia,andEastAsia,niodities,crops,animals,religions,ideas,

music,technology,andartifactshavebeentransportedbydiplomats,merchantsandsoldiersalongthisnetworkof

highways,whichhave,sincethe19thcentuiybeenknownasthe“SilkRoad”.ZhangQianhasbeenrememberedas

thegreatexplorerthatopenedupaneweraofculturalexchangebciwccnEastandWestwithionglastingtreasure

wellobservabletoday.

11.Whatisrhepassagemainlyabout9

A.ZhangQianandYuechipeople.B.TheimportanceoftheSilkRoad.

C.ThepathsZhangQianexplored.D.ZhangQianand（heSilkRoad.

12.Theword“alliance”inParagraph2hasthesimilarmeaningto_______.

A.decisionB.explorationC.agreementD.excitement

13.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueabouttheSilkRoad?

A.Columbussetthefootprintsontheancientsilkroad.

B.TheSilkRoadwasahighwaytoEuropeinHanDynasty.

C.ZhangQianwasapioneeropeninguptheSilkRoad.

D.TheSilkRoadhasthegreatestvalueinChinesehistory.

14.WhichwordsbestdescribeZhangQian?

A.Braveandstrongwillcd.B.Carefulandconfident

C.Proudandopenminded.D.Honestandexcellent.

【答案】11.D12.C13.C14.A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了中國古代的絲綢之路以及開辟這條道路的張騫。張

騫被人們銘記為一位開啟東西方文化交流新時代的偉大探險家。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theancientsilkroadwasaonceinalifetimejourney.Itwasoneofthemost

importantmilestonesoftradeandcultureinworldhistory,andthepioneer,ZhangQian,couldnotbeeasily

forgottenbyhistory.Hewasanoutstandingdiplomat,travelerandexplorerintheHanDynastyofChina,honored

asthe"thefirstChinesetoopentheireyestosectheworld''and"theColumbusoftheeast”.（古絲綢之路是一次千

載難逢的時間旅行。它是世界歷史上貿(mào)易和文化最重要的里程碑之一，而其先驅(qū)張騫是歷史不會輕易忘記

的。他是中國漢代杰出的外交家、旅行家和探險家，被譽為“中國人第一個睜眼看世界的人'’和"東方的哥倫

布"v）”以及最后一段中“ZhangQianhasbeenrememberedasthegreatexplorerthatopenedupaneweraof

culturalexchangebetweenEastandWestwithlonglastingtreasurewellobservabletoday.（張騫被人們銘記為開

啟東西方文化交流新時代的偉大探險家，時至今口，他的寶藏依然歷久彌新）”可知，首段提到了張騫是中國

漢代一位杰出的外交家、旅行家和探險家，并被譽為“第一個睜開眼睛看世界的中國人”和“東方的哥倫布“，

最后又提到了他帶回了關(guān)于中亞地理、人種學(xué)和社會的第一手信息。由此可見，本文主要是講述了張騫與

絲綢之路的故事。故選D。

12.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容”In138BC,atthereignofEmperorWudi,ZhangQianwassenttothe

westofChina（公元前138年，漢武帝時期，張容被派往中國西部廣以及劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“withtheYuechi

peoplelofighlagainsltheXiongnu（和越池人?起對抗匈奴）”可知，張騫被派往西部與越人結(jié)盟，意思是與他

們達(dá)成一個協(xié)議。故劃線詞與C選項“agreement（協(xié)議）”為同義近。故選C。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“modities,crops,animals,religions,ideas,music,technology,andartifactshave

beentransportedbydiplomats,merchantsandsoldiersalongthisnetworkofhighways,whichhave,since（he19lh

centurybeenknownasthe“SilkRoad”.ZhangQianhasbeenrememberedasthegreatexplorerthatopenedupa

neweraofculturalexchangebetweenEastandWestwithlonglastingtreasurewellobservabletoday.（商品、農(nóng)作

物、動物、宗教、思想、音樂、技術(shù)和文物由外交官、商人和士兵沿著這條高速公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)運輸，自19世紀(jì)

以來，這條公路被稱為“絲綢之路二張騫被人們銘記為開啟東西方文化交流新時代的偉大探險家，時至今日，

他的寶藏依然歷久彌新）“可知，張騫所探索的路徑后來成為連接歐洲、中東、美索不達(dá)米亞、中亞和東亞的

國際貿(mào)易途徑，被稱為“絲綢之路二張騫被銘記為一位開啟東西方文化交流新時代的偉大探險家，即張騫是

開辟絲綢之路的先驅(qū)。故選C。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Alongtheway,nomatterhowditTiculltheenvironmentwas,hisfaithwasfirm.

Butunfortunately,ZhangwascaughtbytheXiongnupeoplejustasheleftHan,andwasheldprisonerforten

years.（一路上，無論環(huán)境多么艱難，他的信念都是堅定的。但不幸的是，就在他離開漢的時候，被匈奴人

抓住了，被囚禁了十年）”以及第三段中“Zhangfinallymanagedtoescapewithsomeofhismenanccontinuedto

travelwestwithoutanydryfoodordrinkingwater.（張最終和他的一些手下成功逃脫，在沒有干糧和飲用水的

情況下繼續(xù)向西行進(jìn)）”以及最后一段中“ThoughZhanghadn'tfinishedhismission,hebroughtbackfirsthand

informationonthegeography,ethnography,andsocietiesofCentralAsia.（雖然張還沒有完成他的使命，但他帶

回了關(guān)于中亞地理、人種學(xué)和社會的第一手資料）”可知，盡管張騫在與匈奴的戰(zhàn)斗中被抓住并作為囚徒，但

他最終成功逃脫并繼續(xù)他的旅行，最終帶回了有關(guān)中亞地理、人種學(xué)和社會的第一手信息。這顯示了他的

勇敢和堅定的意志°因此.A選項“Braveandstrongwilled（勇敢而堅定）''是最合適的描述c故選Ac

E

（2024上?新疆?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Inancienttimes,peopledidn'thavesmartphonesorputerstousefbrfiin.

Still,theyhadinterestinggamestoplay.

Kites

Kiteshaveaverylonghistory.Peoplefirstusedkitestosendmessages.IntheSongDynasty,kitesgotvery

popularwithpeople.Now,Beijing,Tianjin,NantongandWeifangarethefourmostimportantplacesofkite

making.

Cuju

ItisanancientChinesefootballgame.Atfirst,soldiersplayedthegameastraining.IntheTangDynastyand

SorgDynasty,thegamewaspopular.Peopleacrossthecountiylovedplayingit.Womenalsoplayedthegame.

Chuiwan

Chuiwanisaballgame.It'salittlelikegolf.ThegamegotpopularintheSongDynasty.Itwasstillpopularin

（heYuanDynastyandMingDynasty.ButthegamegotlesspopularintheQingDynasty.

Go

Go,orWeiqi.isagamefortwoplayers.Ithasahistoryofover4.000yearsandisstillpopularnowadays.

Peopleinancienttimesthoughtitwasagameforgentlemen.

15.Whatwerekitesfirstusedtodoinancienttimes?

A.Tohavefun.B.lbdoexercise.

C.Totrainsoldiers.D.Tosendmessages.

16.WhendidChuiwangetlesspopular?

A.IntheSongDynasty.B.IntheQingDynasty.

C.IntheMingDynasty.D.IntheYuanDynasty.

17.Whatdethefourgameshaveinmen'，

A.Theyareallballgames.

B.Theyareallstillplayedtoday.

C.Theywereallplayedforfuninancienttimes.

D.Theywereallgamesonlyformeninancienttimes.

【答案】15.D16.B17.C

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在沒有智能手機(jī)或電腦的古時候，人們玩的一些有趣的

游戲。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Kiteshaveaverylonghistory.Peoplefirstusedkitestosendmessages.（風(fēng)箏

有很長的歷史。人們最初用風(fēng)箏來傳遞信息。）“可知，風(fēng)箏最初是用來傳遞信息的。故選D。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThegamegotpopularintheSongDynasty.ItwasstillpopularintheYuan

DynastyandMingDynasty.ButthegamegotlesspopularintheQingDynasty.（這個游戲在宋朝開始流行。它在

元朝和明朝仍然很流行。但在清朝，這項運動就不那么流行了。）“可知，捶丸在清朝變得不那么流行了。故

選B。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第—?段"Inancienttimes,peopledidn'thavesmartphonesorputerstouseforfun.Still,

theyhadinterestinggamestoplay.（ffiAR,人們沒有智能手機(jī)或電腦來娛樂。盡管如此，他們還是有有趣的

游戲可玩.）”可知，這四款游戲都是古時候人們玩的游戲。故選C。

F

（2024上?山東泰安?高二新泰第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）WhenancientEgyptiansputpentopaper―or,more

accurately,inktopapyrus（紙莎草紙）一theytookstepstoensurethattheirwordswouldlastforever,anewstudy

suggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenhavefoundthatancientscribes（抄寫員）likelyadded

leadtotheirinkstohelptheirwritingdry.Morethan1,000yearslater,reportsCosmosMagazine,I5thcentury

Europeanartistsemployedleadaswell.AccordingtotheLondonNationalGallery,leadbasedpigmentsfoundin

manyOldMasterpaintingsare“knowntoaidthediyingofpaintfilms.M

AccordingtoastatementfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen,thestudy'sauthorsanalyzed12papyruspieces

datingbacktobetween100and200C.E.,whenEgyptwasunderRomancontrol.TheteamusedXraymicroscope

（odeterminetherawmaterialsusedindifferentinks,aswellasthechemicalstructureofthedriedinkattachedto

theancientpaper.AncientEgyptiansbeganwritingwithink—madebyburningwoodoroilandmixingthe

resultingmaterialwithwater—around3200B.C.Typically,scribesusedblack,carbonbasedinkfor（hebodyof

textandresenedredinkforheadingsandotherkeywordsinthetext.Thoughblackandredinksweremostmon.

shadesofblue,green,whiteandyellowalsoappearedinancienttexts.

TheresearcherswritethattheEgyptianscreatedredinkswithironbasedbinations—mostlikelynaturalearth

pigments.Theteamalsoidentifiedthepresenceoflead.Theywerebowledoverthattherewasnoleadwhiteor

otherbinationsthatwouldtypicallybepresentinaIcadbascdpigment.Instead,theancientink'sleadpigments

appearedtowraparoundthepapyiuscellwallsandironparticles（微粒）.Theresultingeffectlooked“asifthe

letterswereoutlined''inlead.ThisfindingindicatesthattheancientEgyptiansinventedasystemofaddingleadto

redandblackinksspecificallyforthepurposeofstickingthewordstopaper.

The12analyzedpapyruspiecesarepartoftheUniversityofCopenhagen'sPapyrusCarlsbergCollection.The

documentsoriginatedinTebtunis,theonlylargescaleinstitutionallibraeknowntohavesurvivedfromancienl

Egyptiantimes.

18.Whatisthemainfunctionofleadinthemasterpiecesoftheancients?

A.Tomakethecolorsbrighter.B.lbsticktheinktothepen.

C.Tohelpthewritingdry.D.Toincreasetheirthickness.

19.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestatement?

A.ItwaseasyforXraymicroscopetodetecttherawmaterials.

B.Onlywetinkscanbeusedtodeterminetheirchemicalponents.

C.AncientEgyptiansalreadyknewblackcouldcatcheyeseasily.

D.TheinksusedbytheancientEgyptianscameinavarietyofcolors.

20.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmean?

A.Amazed.B.Concerned.C.Angry.D.Worried.

21.HowdidtheancientEgyptiansmakewordsstayonpaperforalongtimeaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Bybiningseveralkindsofcolors.

B.Byaddingleadtoredandblackinks.

C.Bybreakingthestructureof【hecolors.

D.Byanalyzingtheelementsofthepaper.

【答案】18.C19.D20.A21.B

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過介紹哥本哈根大學(xué)研究人員的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭開了古埃及墨

水中的秘密成分——鉛。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ancientscribes（抄寫員）likelyaddedleadtotheirinkstohelptheirwriting

dry（古代抄寫員可能會在墨水中加入鉛,以幫助字跡變干）"和"15thcenturyEuropeanartistsemployedleadas

well（15世紀(jì)的歐洲藝術(shù)家也使用鉛）“以及"IcadbascdpigmentsfoundinmanyOldMasterpaintingsare"known

toaidthedryingofpaint在許多古代大師的畫作中發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉛基顏料有助于漆膜的干燥。）”可知，鉛在古

人杰作中的主要作用是幫助字跡變干。故選C。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"Thoughblackandredinksweremostmon,shadesofblue,green,whiteand

yellowalso叩pearedinancienltexts.（雖然黑色和紅色的墨水是最常見的，但藍(lán)色、綠色、白色和黃色的色調(diào)

也出現(xiàn)在古代文本中。戶可知，古埃及人使用的墨水顏色多種多樣。故選D。

20.詞句猜測題°根據(jù)第三段“therewasnoleadwhiteorotherbinationsthatwouldtypicallybepresentina

leadbasedpigment.Instead,theancientink'sleadpigmentsappearedtowraparoundthepapyruscellwallsandiron

particles（微粒）.Theresultingeffectlooked“asiftheletterswereoutlined',inlead.（沒有鉛白或其他通常存在于

鉛基顏料中的混合物。相反，古代墨水的鉛顏料似乎包裹在紙莎草細(xì)胞壁和鐵顆粒上。最終的效果看起來“好

像字母是用鉛筆畫出來的戶可推知，沒有鉛白色或其他通常存在于鉛基顏料中的混合物，這讓他們很震

驚，劃線詞bowledover意為“驚訝的”，和Amazed的意思相近。故選A。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ThisfindingindicatesthattheancientEgyptiansinventedasystemofaddinglead

toredandblackinksspecificallyforthepurposeofstickingthewordstopaper.（這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,古埃及人發(fā)明了

一種向紅色和黑色墨水中添加鉛的系統(tǒng)，專門用「將單詞粘在紙上。）“可知，古埃及人通過在紅墨水和黑墨

水中加入鉛讓文字長時間留在紙上。故選B。

G

（2024上?四川成都?高二石室中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）WhenancientEgyptiansputpentopaper—or,more

accurately,inktopapyrus（紙莎草紙）一theytookstepstoensurethattheirwordswouldlastforever,anewstudy

suggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenhavefoundthatancientscribes（抄寫員］likelyadded

leadtotheirinkstohelptheirwritingdry.Morethan1.000yearslater,reportsCosmosmagazine,15thcentuiy

Europeanartistsemployedleadaswell.AccordingtotheLondonNationalGallery,leadbasedpigments（顏料）

foundinmanyOldMasterpaintingsare“knowntoaidthedryingofpaintfilms.”

AccordingtoastatementfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen,thestudy'sauthorsanalyzed12papyruspieces

datedtobetween100and200C.E.,whenEgyptwasunderRomancontrol.TheteamusedXraymicroscopyto

determinetherawmaterialsusedindifferentinks,aswellas（hechemicalstructureofthedriedinkattachedtoihe

ancientpaper.AncientEgyptiansbeganwritingwithink—madebyburningwoodoroilandmixingtheresulting

materialwithwater-around3200B.C.E.Typically,scribesusedblack,carbonbasedinkfor（hebodyoftextand

reservedredinkforheadingsandotnerkeywordsin（hetext.Thoughblackandredinksweremostmon,shadesof

blue,green,whiteandyellowalsoappearedinancienttexts.

TheresearcherswritethattheEgyptianscreatedredinkswithironbasedbinations—mostlikelynaturalearth

pigments.Theteamalsoidentifiedthepresenceoflead.Theywerebowledoverthattherewasnoleadwhiteor

otherbinationsthatwouldtypicallybepresentinaleadbasedpigment.Instead,theancientink's'eadpigments

appearedtowraparoundthepapyruscellwallsandironparticles（微為立）.Theresultingeffectlooked“asiftheletters

wereoutlined''inlead.ThisfindindicatesthattheancientEgyptiansinventedasystemofaddingleadtoredand

biackinksspecificallyforthepurposeofstickingthewordstopaper.

The12analyzedpapyruspiecesarepartoftheUniversityofCopenhagen'sPapyrusCarlsbergCollection.The

documentsoriginatedinTebtunis,theonlylargescaleinstitutionallibraryknownlohavesurvivedfromancient

Egyptiantimes.

22.Whatdidancientscribesandartistshaveinmon?

A.Bothpreferredpapyrustothinpaper.

B.Bothemployedleadaswhitepigment.

C.Bothdriedtheirworksinthesameway.

D.BothlikedcollectingOldMasterpaintings.

23.WhatcanbelearnedaboutancientEgyptianinks?

A.Theyhadavarietyofcolorsonoffer.

B.Theyappearedbetween100and200C.E.

C.Theyweremostlyironbasedbinations.

D.Theywereabsorbedbywaterwithdifficulty.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“bowledover''inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Anxious.B.Surprised.C.Excited.D.Disappointed.

25Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedevelopmentofEgyptianwritinghabits.

B.Howinkbecamepopularinancientwriting.

C.WhyEuropeanscribeswereaddictedtolead.

D.Thesciencebehindancientwritingtraditions.

【答案】22.C23.A24.B25.D

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過介紹哥本哈根大學(xué)研究人員的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭開了古埃及墨

水中的秘密成分——鉛。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ancientscribesHkelyaddedleadtotheirinkstohelptheirwritingdry（古代抄

寫員可能會在墨水中加入鉛,以幫助字跡變干）”和T5thcenturyEuropeanartistsemployedleadaswell（15世紀(jì)

的歐洲藝術(shù)家也使用鉛）”以及“l(fā)eadbasedpigmentsfoundinmanyOldMasterpaintingsare"knowntoaidthe

dryingofpaintfilms.”（在許多占代大師的畫作中發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉛基顏料有助于漆膜的干燥）“可知，他們都利用鉛作

為其書寫文字或作品的干燥劑。故選C。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thoughblackandredinksweremostmon,shadesofblue,green,whiteand

yellowalsoappearedinancienllexts.（雖然黑色和紅色的墨水最常見，彳日赭色、綠色、白色和黃色的色調(diào)也出

現(xiàn)在古代文獻(xiàn)中）”可知，古埃及的墨水有多種顏色。故選A。

24.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“therewasnoleadwhiteorotherbinationsthatwouldtypicallybepresentina

leadbasedpigment.（沒有鉛白或其他通常存在于鉛基顏料中的混合物）”和"Theresultingeffectlooked“asifthe

letterswereoutlined^^inlead.ThisfindindicatesthattheancientEgyptiansinventedasystemofaddingleadtored

andblack