Ⅰ.根據(jù)首字母提示及英文釋義寫出單詞1．voyage:_alongjourneyinvolvingtravelbyseaorinspace2．a(chǎn)ncestor:_aperson,typicallyonemoreremotethanagrandparent,fromwhomoneisdescended3．further:_beyondthepointalreadyreachedorthedistancealreadycovered4．persuade:_tocause(someone)todosomethingthroughreasoningorargument5．eventually:_intheend,especiallyafteralongdelay，dispute,orseriesofproblems6．deed:_athingthatsb.doesthatisusuallyverygoodorverybad7．lecture:_aneducationaltalktoanaudience,especiallystudentsinauniversity8．a(chǎn)pologise:_toexpressregretforsomethingthatonehasdonewrongⅡ.根據(jù)詞性及漢語意思寫出單詞9．spiritn．精神；心靈10．journeyn．旅行，旅程11．frighteningadj.令人驚恐的，駭人的→frightenvt.恐嚇，嚇唬12．explorern．探險(xiǎn)家→explorev．探索；探險(xiǎn)13．sailorn．水手，船員→sailv．航行Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語1．gosurfing去沖浪2．setsail啟航3．a(chǎn)ccordingto根據(jù)，依照4．getintotrouble陷入麻煩，陷入困境5．makeitto到達(dá)6．insearchof尋找，尋求7．farfrom遠(yuǎn)離；絕非8．preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備9．longbefore很久以前10．sb.to_dosb.to_dosth.說服某人做某事1．TheyachievedthislongbeforeColumbuseversetsail.早在哥倫布啟航之前，他們就已經(jīng)到達(dá)那里了。[句式分析]longbefore“早在……以前，在……之前很早”。[佳句賞析]他很激動(dòng)，心情久久不能平靜。Hewasveryexcited,anditwaslongbeforehecalmeddown.2.Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.埃里克又開始航行了，這次他率領(lǐng)了25艘船，但其中只有14艘抵達(dá)了格陵蘭島。[句式分析]ofwhich...為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞25ships,of在此表示所屬關(guān)系，即．..of25ships。[佳句賞析]好萊塢出了很多著名影片，其中之一是《阿凡達(dá)》。ManyfamousfilmsareproducedinHollywood，oneofwhichisAvatar.3.(長難句分析)BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.比阿尼希望與他的父親在一起，此時(shí)他父親正與埃里克在一起，但是他被吹得偏離了方向，不知不覺到了一片陌生的陸地，從那里他最后到了格陵蘭島。1．Howmanynavigators(航海家)doyouknowabout?Pleasewritedowntheirnames.Zheng_He,_Magellan_(麥哲倫),_Vasco_da_Gama_(達(dá)·伽馬),_Bartholomeu_Dias_(迪亞斯),_James_Cook_(庫克船長),_Christopher_Columbus_(哥倫布)。2．Matchthefollowingnavigatorswiththeirmainsailingexperiences.________________________________a．saileddirectlyfromEuropetoIndiab．ledsevenexpeditionstowhattheChinesecalled“theWesternOcean”(IndianOcean)c．ledtogeneralEuropeanawarenessoftheAmericancontinentsd．sailedaroundthesouthernmosttipofAfricain1488答案：(1)～(4)cbadⅠ.Fast-readingTrue(T)orFalse(F)．1．ColumbusreachedAmericaearlierthantheVikings.()2．TheancestorsoftheVikingswerefromScandinavia.()3．ErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwestin900AD.()4．ErictheRedleftIcelandbecausehehadmittedamurder.()5．AllofEric'stwenty-fiveshipsreachedGreenlandsuccessfully.()6．LeifchosedifferentdirectionsfromBiarni'sandsailedtoCanada.()答案：1～6FTFTFFⅡ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandthenfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.TheSpiritofExplorersAbrief1.historyoftheVikingsTheirancestorscamefrom2.Scandinavia．Betweenthe8thand10thcenturiestheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsof3.NorthernEuropeandin982AD,therewereasmanyas4.10，000VikingslivinginIceland.Threemajordiscoverieswhenwhowhatwhy&howThefirstIn982AD5.Ericthe_ReddiscoveredGreenlandHewasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadmittedamurderandhefledtoGreenland.ThesecondNotlongaftertheexplorationofErictheRed6.BiarnireachedGreenlandHehopedtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthe7.wasblownoffcourseandeventuallyreachedGreenland.Thethird8.In_theyear_1002LeifandBiarnidiscovered9．NewfoundlandErictheRed'ssonLeifplannedatripfurtherwest.FollowingBiarni'sdirections,theyreachedthecoastofpresent-day10.Canada,andthensailedfurthersouthtoanisland.考點(diǎn)1voyagen．航海，航行[教材原句]VikingvoyagestoAmerica北歐海盜航行到美洲TheyhadagoodtimeonthevoyagefromTianjintoShanghai.他們?cè)趶奶旖虻缴虾５暮叫兄羞^得十分愉快。China'sfirstaircraftcarrierVaryagbeganitsvoyageagain.中國第一艘航空母艦瓦良格號(hào)又開始了它的航行。goonavoyage去航海makeavoyage航海去onthevoyageout在航海途中onthevoyagehome在回航途中ColumbussucceededinmakingavoyagetoAmericain1492.哥倫布于1492年成功地航行至美洲。[辨析比較]journey多指有目的地的陸上長途旅行，有時(shí)也指水上或空中旅行，其距離遠(yuǎn)近、時(shí)間長短、旅行的目的和方式均不限，并不表示是否要返回出發(fā)地，是正式用語voyage主要指水上或空中旅行，也是正式用語trip是非正式用語，可以代替journey和voyage，但trip常指時(shí)間較短、距離較近的旅行，旅行方式不限，并且意味著旅行結(jié)束后還要回到原來的地方tour指根據(jù)一定的路線，事先預(yù)定了一些逗留地點(diǎn)，旅行結(jié)束后仍回原地的旅游，其主要目的多為觀光、視察或進(jìn)行其他活動(dòng)，路程一般都比較長travel指目的地不明確，在各地做長途漫游TheTitanicsankonitsmaidenvoyage.泰坦尼克號(hào)首航便沉沒了。It'salongjourneyfromBeijingtoShenzhen.從北京到深圳是一段長途旅行。Wehadtendays'travelbybikethissummer.今年夏天我們騎自行車游玩了十天。ThebandisontourinFrance.這支樂隊(duì)在法國巡回演出。Theymadeatriptotheseasidelastweekend.上周末他們?nèi)チ艘淮魏I。1．選詞填空：travel,trip,journey,voyage,tour①We'llmakeajourneytoBeijingbytrain.②HaveyoureadthebookTheTravels_ofMarcoPolo?③Aweekendtripisbeingmoreandmorepopular.④IwillmakeavoyageacrosstheAtlanticOceanifIhaveenoughmoney.⑤Thecouplewentonaweddingtour．2．翻譯句子⑥祝你旅途愉快。Wish_you_a_pleasant_trip/journey.⑦在返航途中，他們遇上了暴風(fēng)雨。On_the_voyage_home,_they_were__caught_in_a_storm.考點(diǎn)2setsail啟航[教材原句]In982AD,whenamancalledErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwest,therewereasmanyas10，000VikingslivinginIceland.公元982年，冰島生活著多達(dá)10000的北歐海盜，就在此時(shí)，一個(gè)叫埃里克·雷德的人決定向西遠(yuǎn)航。WesetsailatdawnandheadedforNewYork.我們?cè)诶杳鲉⒊蹋瘪偧~約。Thelightfadedaswesetsailfromtheharbour.當(dāng)我們從海港啟航時(shí)，天色逐漸變黑。setabout著手，開始做setoff出發(fā)，啟程，引起，使(炸彈等)爆炸setout出發(fā)，開始做setaside節(jié)省，保留setup建立，樹立setdown寫下，放下setfree釋放Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.我們得著手尋找一個(gè)解決方法。Hesetouttopaintthetentwhichhesetupjustnow.他開始粉刷剛剛搭起來的帳篷。Itrytosetasideafewminutestodosomeexerciseeveryday.我每天盡量騰出一些時(shí)間來鍛煉身體。[名師點(diǎn)津]setabout表示“開始做某事”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語；setout表示“著手/開始做某事”時(shí)，后跟不定式作賓語。1．單句語法填空①Shesetasideherbookandlitacigarette.②Whydon'tyousetyourideasdownonpaper?③Dobecarefulwiththosefireworks;theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff．④Policesetuproad-blocksonroutesleadingoutofthecity.⑤Hesetsaboutmaking(make)hisprofessionalbasketballcareer.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑥Themomenthegothome,theboysetaboutdoinghishomework.→Themomenthegothome,theboysetouttodohishomework.考點(diǎn)3accordingto根據(jù)，依照[教材原句]AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadmittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.根據(jù)冰島和挪威古老的傳說，埃里克·雷德因犯了謀殺罪而惹上麻煩，被迫離開冰島。Accordingtothesefigures,ourpanyisdoingwell.從這些數(shù)字來看，我們的公司經(jīng)營得不錯(cuò)。Accordingtotheradio,itwillbesnowytoday.據(jù)廣播報(bào)道，今天有雪。[名師點(diǎn)津]accordingto后不能接view，opinion等詞充當(dāng)賓語。accordingto是指按照他人的意見或其他事物，因此不能說accordingtome。1．完成句子①據(jù)他說，李先生今天不會(huì)來。According_to_what_he__said,_Mr.Liwillnotetoday.②薪金將依資歷和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而定。Thesalarywillbefixedaccording_to_qualifications_and_experience．2．判斷正誤(T/F)③Accordingtohisopinion,hisplayersaregoingtowin.(F)④Inmyopinion,therent'stoohigh.(T)考點(diǎn)4getintotrouble陷入麻煩，陷入困境[經(jīng)典例句]Tomgotintotroublewhenhewascaughtcheatingintheexam.湯姆有麻煩了，他在考試中作弊被當(dāng)場抓住。HegotintotroublewhenhegottoAmerica.到美國時(shí)，他碰到了麻煩。get(sb.)outoftrouble(使某人)擺脫困境havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難in/outoftrouble處于困境中/擺脫困境takethetroubletodosth.不辭辛勞地做某事Wehavesometrouble(in)writingthearticle.我們寫文章有些困難。Noonecanhelpyououtoftrouble.沒有人能幫你擺脫困境。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①DoyouhaveanytroubleinstudyingEnglish?→DoyouhaveanydifficultyinstudyingEnglish?②Whenyouhavedifficulties,youcanturntoothersforhelp.→Whenyouareintrouble,_youcanturntoothersforhelp.2．完成句子③湯姆現(xiàn)在有麻煩了。Tomis_in_troublenow.④我看懂他的信有點(diǎn)費(fèi)勁，他寫的太潦草了。Ihad_trouble_(in)_reading__his_letter;_hishandwritingwastoobad.⑤謝謝你不辭勞苦為我們打掃房間。Thankyoufortaking_the_trouble_to__cleanthehouse.考點(diǎn)5persuadevt.勸服，勸說，說服[教材原句]HepersuadedsomepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.他說服一些人與他一起回到格陵蘭島。Itwasdifficulttopersuadehimbecausehewasverystubborn.他很執(zhí)拗，所以很難說服他。persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.說服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodosth./outofdoingsth.說服某人不做某事persuadesb.ofsth.使某人信服某事persuadesb.that...使某人相信……Ihavepersuadedhimtogiveupsmoking.我已說服了他戒煙。Canyoupersuadeheroutofherfoolishplans?你能勸她放棄那些愚蠢的計(jì)劃嗎？[辨析比較]adviseadvisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事advisethat...(should＋)do...建議做……suggestsuggestsb./sb.'sdoing建議某人做某事suggestthat...(should＋)do...建議做……persuadepersuadesb.todosth.說服某人做某事persuadesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事[語境串記]IadvisedmyfathertostopsmokingbutIcouldn'tpersuadehimto.Healsowarnedmenottosuggesthisdoinganythinghedisliked.我勸說我父親戒煙，但是我沒能說服成功。他還警告我說不要建議他做他不喜歡的事情。[名師點(diǎn)津]persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)成功說服對(duì)方，側(cè)重結(jié)果。advise表示勸說、勸告，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，結(jié)果不一定成功?？山觿?dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句中用虛擬語氣[(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形]。而persuade無此用法。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Iadvisehimtostopplayingputergames.→Isuggesthim/hisstoppingplayingputergames.→Iadvise/suggestthatheshouldstopplayingputergames.2．完成句子②他們無法使他相信他們的誠意。Theycouldn'tpersuadedhimoftheirsincerity.③我說服了瑪麗沒把錢借給那個(gè)不可靠的人。IpersuadedMaryout_of_lending/not_to_lendmoneytothatunreliableman.④怎樣才能使你相信我是真心實(shí)意的呢？HowcanIpersuade_you_thatI'msincere?考點(diǎn)6makeit(to)到達(dá)，成功[教材原句]Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14makeittoGreenland.埃里克再次啟航，這次有25艘船與他同行，但其中只有14艘最終到達(dá)格陵蘭島。Shedidn'tmakeittotheairport,soshemissedherflight.她沒能趕到機(jī)場，所以錯(cuò)過了航班。Ican'tbelievewemadeittothefinals.我不敢相信我們撐到了總決賽。makeit獲得成功，約定時(shí)間makeup化妝，編造，組成makeout理解，明白DengYapingwasoncetoldshehadnotalentintabletennisandwouldnevermakeitasatabletennisplayer.鄧亞萍曾被告知沒有打乒乓球的天賦，做一名乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員永遠(yuǎn)也無法獲得成功。Threedoctorsandfivenursesmadeupthemedicalteam.三名醫(yī)生和五名護(hù)士組成了這個(gè)醫(yī)療隊(duì)。1．完成句子①他們?cè)谔旌谥摆s到了一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Theymade_it_to_a_small_townbeforedark.②——你到達(dá)山頂了嗎？——是的。連我自己都不相信我能成功做到?！狣idyoureachthetopofthemountain?—Yes.EvenImyselfdidn'tbelieveIcouldmake_it．③我不明白老師剛才講的。Ican'tmake_out_what_my_teacher_saidjustnow.2．翻譯句子④我們生活在一個(gè)只有最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人才能到達(dá)頂峰的世界。We_live_in_a_world_where_only_the_strongest_can_make_it_to_the_top.⑤He'sneverreallymadeitasanactor.他當(dāng)演員未獲成功?？键c(diǎn)7insearchof尋找[教材原句]NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland,amancalledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchofEric'sparty.埃里克·雷德登上格陵蘭島后不久，一個(gè)叫比阿尼的人也從冰島啟航來尋找埃里克一伙人。Shewentintothekitcheninsearchofadrink.她進(jìn)了廚房，想找點(diǎn)喝的。searchsb./sp.搜查某人/某地searchfor尋找(＝lookfor)search...for...搜查……以尋找……inthe/one'ssearchfor尋找Thepolicesearchedtheofficeforthelostjewelleryandtheysearchedeveryoneinginandout.警方搜查辦公室尋找丟失的珠寶，并且他們對(duì)進(jìn)出辦公室的每個(gè)人都搜了身。TheCustomsweresearchingfordrugswhenIcamethroughtheairport.Theysearchedeverybody'sluggageforthem,andtheysearchedthemaninfrontofmefromheadtofoot.我經(jīng)過機(jī)場時(shí)，海關(guān)人員正在搜查毒品。他們檢查每個(gè)人的行李，并且把我前面那個(gè)人從頭到腳搜了一遍。1．單句語法填空①Formanyyears,peoplehavebeensearchingforgoldinthehills.②Thecouplewentintotheforestinsearchofthemissingchild.③Theenemysearched(search)himbutfoundnothingonhim.④Peoplearegoingtothemarketinthe/theirsearchforgooddeals.⑤Rescueworkerssearched(search)allnightinthehopeoffindingmoresurvivors.2．翻譯句子⑥為了找錢，他們搜了我的身，但什么也沒找到。They_searched_me_for_money,_but_found_nothing.考點(diǎn)8apologise(＝apologize)vi.道歉[教材原句]MrJohnsonapologisedforthemistake.約翰遜先生因?yàn)檫@個(gè)錯(cuò)誤而道歉。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoandapologize.如果我是你，我會(huì)去道歉的。(1)apologisefor(doing)sth.因做某事而道歉apologisetosb.for(doing)sth.因做某事而向某人道歉(2)apologyn.道歉，歉意makeanapologytosb.forsth.＝offersb.anapologyforsth.因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼竃oumustapologizetoyoursisterforbeingrude.你太無理了，必須向你姐姐道歉。ManyJapanesesoldiersapologisedtotheChinesevictimsforwhattheydidduringWorldWarⅡ.許多日本士兵因其二戰(zhàn)中的所作所為向中國受害者道歉。Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise.我因沒有遵守諾言，向您表示歉意。Hemadeanapologytomeforhurtingmyfeelings.他因傷害了我的感情而向我道歉。1．單句語法填空①Imustapologisefornotbeingabletomeetyou.②Harryapologisedtohisteacherforingtoschoollate.③Ishouldmakeanapology(apologize)toyou.④Tomapologizedforhisbadbehaviour.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Heapologisedtomeforhisdelayinginvitingmetohishome.→Hemadeanapologytomefordelayinginvitingmetohishome.1．Theyachievedthislong_beforeColumbuseversetsail.早在哥倫布啟航之前，他們就已經(jīng)到達(dá)那里了。(1)longbefore“早在……以前，在……之前很早”，后面跟表示時(shí)間概念的詞語或句子，多用于過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)中。Shehadseenthefilmlongbeforeshecametoworkhere.她在來這兒工作之前很早就看過這部電影了。(2)longbefore還可以單獨(dú)使用，意為“很久以前”。Theylefttheirhometownlongbefore.他們很久以前離開了家鄉(xiāng)。[辨析比較]longbefore作“很久以前”講時(shí)，相當(dāng)于longlongago，常用于過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)中beforelong意為“不久之后”，相當(dāng)于soon，常用于將來時(shí)(不久將要怎么樣)，也可以用于過去時(shí)(講述過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后怎么樣)LongbeforehestayedinGermanyforhalfayearandhewillgotoGermanybeforelongagain.很久以前他在德國住了半年，不久之后他將再次去德國。[名師點(diǎn)津]longbefore的意思是“很久以前”；beforelong“不久以后”。記憶方法：long在前“很久以前”；long在后“不久以后”。翻譯句子①很久以前，山腳下有一座廟。Long_before,_there_was_a_temple_at_the_foot_of_the_hill.②秘書告訴我，不久經(jīng)理就回來了。The_secretary_told_me_the_manager_would_e_back_before_long.2．BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfound_himself_in_an_unknown_land,_fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.比阿尼希望與他的父親在一起，此時(shí)他父親正與埃里克在一起，但是他被吹得偏離了方向，不知不覺到了一片陌生的陸地，從那里他最后到了格陵蘭島。foundhimselfinanunknownland是“find＋賓語＋介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)……處于某種狀態(tài)”。Thepolicefoundthelostboyinawoodenhouse.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失的小男孩在一個(gè)木屋里面。Theworkerfoundthemachineoutoforder.這位工人發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)器出毛病了。find的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thefamilyhadabandonedallhopeoffindinghimalive.家人對(duì)他的生還已經(jīng)不抱任何希望。Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在那兒等著接我們。WhenIreachedhome,Ifoundthedoorlocked.當(dāng)我回到家時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖著。WeallfoundQingdaoverybeautifulthefirsttimewewentthere.我們第一次去青島的時(shí)候，都覺得青島很美。[名師點(diǎn)津]該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語為反身代詞時(shí)，含有“不知不覺”的意味。Shefoundherselfatalosswhenmeetingtheman.當(dāng)遇見這個(gè)人的時(shí)候，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知所措。1．單句語法填空①Icameintothehouse,onlytofindallthewindowsopen(open)．②Themethodwasfound(to_be)_useful(use)．③Shefoundthelettergone(go)．④Whenhewokeup,hefoundthegroundcovered(cover)withsnow.⑤Ifoundithardtofallasleep.2．翻譯句子⑥她的丈夫回家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)她躺在床上。When_her_husband_came_back_home,_he_found_her_lying_on_the_bed.⑦看過之后，我覺得這部電影很有趣。I_find_the_film_very_interesting_after_seeing_it.定語從句(Ⅱ)[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①ThedayonwhichImetthepopstarwasagreatdayofmylife.②SheisgoingtoliveinMarco,whereshehassomeclosefriends.③Thisisthehallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.④Thecouplehastwochildren,neitherofwhomliveswiththem.⑤IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetJennier.⑥Thatwasthereasonwhyhewassoupset.(1)句②中，關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；句⑤中，關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語；句⑥中，關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語。(2)句①③④中，“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的介詞多與從句的謂語動(dòng)詞搭配以及具體語境有關(guān)。同時(shí)which用于指代物，而whom用于指代人。[語法剖析]一、when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．when引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,day,year,month,moment,week,hour,minute等，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。Istillrememberthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.我仍然記得我們第一次相遇的那一天。ItwasanexcitingmomentfortheSpanishfans,whenforthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.對(duì)于西班牙球迷來說，那是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樵谀且豢?，他們的球?duì)第一次贏得了世界杯。2．where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place,factory,farm,station,town,meeting-room等，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.(先行詞是town)在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時(shí)成長的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Sheisteachingattheuniversitywherehermotheroncestudied.(先行詞是university)她在母親曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的大學(xué)執(zhí)教。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞表示抽象的地點(diǎn)或帶有地點(diǎn)的意味且在從句中充當(dāng)類似于地點(diǎn)狀語的作用時(shí)，定語從句用where引導(dǎo)。Todaywe'lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(先行詞是cases)今天，我們將討論一些英語初學(xué)者對(duì)英語使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}。Hewantstofindajobwherehisskillscanbeputtogooduse.(先行詞是job)他想找一份能將他的技能派上用場的工作。3．why引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞常為reason，why在定語從句中作原因狀語。Wedidn'tknowthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp.我們不知道他拒絕我們幫助的原因。There'snoreasonwhyweshouldn'tbesorude.我們不該那么無禮，這沒有理由。[名師點(diǎn)津]先行詞是thereason時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞需根據(jù)定語從句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少狀語，用why；如果缺少主語或賓語，則用that/which。1－1.選詞填空：where,when,why①IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.②Hecameatthetimewhenweneededhimmost.③Ididn'tgetapayrise,butthatwasn'tthereasonwhyIleft.1－2.單句改錯(cuò)①I'llneverforgetthedayswhenwespenttogether.when→that/which②Thatwasthereasonwhyhegaveforhisabsence.why→that/which③Youwouldgetintoasituationwhenyouhavetodecideimmediately.when→where二、由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)。Theuniversityisveryfamous.MrWangoncestudiedintheuniversity.→TheuniversityinwhichMrWangoncestudiedisveryfamous.王先生曾在那里學(xué)習(xí)的那所大學(xué)非常著名。2．由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常使用which,whom。而介詞的選擇則需要根據(jù)句意和動(dòng)詞的搭配來判斷。TheathletetowhomyoutalkedisWangLiqin.和你談話的那個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員是王勵(lì)勤。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)一般說來，含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Isthisthewatchwhich/thatyouarelookingfor?這就是你在尋找的那塊表嗎？(2)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)”是定語從句的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，確定關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)前面的介詞可依照“一先，二動(dòng)，三意義”的原則。一先，即根據(jù)先行詞來確定介詞。ThefactoryinwhichI'mworkingmainlyproducesputers.我工作所在的工廠主要生產(chǎn)電腦。(inwhich代替inthefactory，“在工廠里”用介詞in。)二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞來確定介詞。Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街道上她沒有一個(gè)人可以求助。(towhom代替toaperson;turntosb.forhelp“向某人求助”。)三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.在辦公室里下午5：30以前我似乎永遠(yuǎn)沒有時(shí)間，到那時(shí)，許多人已經(jīng)回家了。(3)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞。表示地點(diǎn)的where相當(dāng)于in/atwhich；表示時(shí)間的when相當(dāng)于in/at/onwhich；表示原因的why相當(dāng)于forwhich。Thisisthehousewhere(＝inwhich)hisgrandfatheroncelived.這就是他的祖父曾經(jīng)住過的房子。Doyourememberthedaywhen(＝onwhich)youjoinedourclub?你記得你加入我們俱樂部的那天嗎？Thatisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hemustapologise.這就是他必須道歉的原因。2－1.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Thefarmwhere/on_whichIlivedisafactorynow.②ThereisabigwindowthroughwhichIcanseetherailwaystation.③ThisisthemanwithwhomIjustshookhands.④Thatoldmanhastwosons,oneofwhomisadoctor.⑤Noneofusknowthereasonwhy/for_whichTomwasabsent.2－2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換①BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.→BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.→BeijingistheplacewhichIwasbornin.②Iliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.→Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.→Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.2－3.完成句子①教室里有50名學(xué)生，他們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。Therearefiftystudentsintheclassroom,all_of_whom_are_studying_hard．②他就是那個(gè)我在談?wù)摰哪泻ⅰeistheboyabout_whom_I_was_talking．[應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)]一、鏈接高考用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1．(2016·天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.2．(新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.3．(浙江高考)Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.4．(北京高考)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparkswhereanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.5.(江西高考)Hewrotealetterwhereheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.6．(四川高考)Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.7．(浙江高考)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatformwherevisitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.8．(四川高考)Inourclassthereare46students,ofwhomhalfwearglasses.9．(重慶高考)Salesdirectorisapositionwheremunicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.二、針對(duì)演練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1．ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.2．Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.3．Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.4．ThisisthepilottowhomIsentflowers.5．Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?6．Thisistheheroof_whomweareproud.7．Thehotelwhere/in_whichhestayedwithhisfatherforonenightisafive-starhotel.8．Thatwasthepenwith_whichhewrotetheletter.9．Theyearswhen/in_which/during_whichtheystayedinthecountrysidewasagoodexperienceforthem.10．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintheschoolwhere/in_which/at_whichwestudiedtwentyyearsago.11．Doyouknowthemanwith_whomIshookhandsjustnow?12．Thebookfrom_whichIgotalotofusefulinformationwaswrittenbyafamousscientist.13．Thereasonwhy/for_whichhelefthishomewasthathewantedtofindagoodjobinthecity.[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(一)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Wehavepersuadedhimtoacceptourideas.2．You'vebeeninprisonsixtimesaccording(根據(jù))toourrecords.3．Theyapologisedforthelatedepartureofthisflight.4．Shehopestogetajobonthelocalnewspaperandeventually(最終)worksforTheTimes.5．Manyexpertsthinkthemonancestor(s)(祖先)livedatleastsevenmillionyearsago.6．ThevoyagetookmonthsandfirstbroughthimtoMoscow,thenwestward.7．Shewasaverybravegirlandeveryonewhoknewheradmiredherspirit(精神)．8．AllCEOsloveagoodwell-prepared90-minutelecture．Ⅱ.完成句子1．不久你就會(huì)意識(shí)到是你錯(cuò)了。Itwillnotbelong_beforeyourealizeyouarewrong.2．他為讓我們等待數(shù)小時(shí)而向我們道歉。Heapologized_to_us_forhavingkeptuswaitingforhours.3．有很多乘客正在公共汽車站等車。Thereweremanypassengerswaiting_forthebusatthebusstop.4．我們不得不求助于老師，因?yàn)橹挥欣蠋煵拍苷f服他不再上網(wǎng)。Wehadtoturn_totheteacherforhelp,becauseonlytheteachercanpersuadehimnot_tosurftheInternetagain.5．地震中失去家園的人多達(dá)一萬。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedas_many_as10，000intheearthquake.6．他們沒有錢因而被迫賣掉了農(nóng)場。Theyhadsolittlemoneythattheywere_forced_tosellthefarm.Ⅲ.選詞填空insearchof,makeitto,getintotrouble,fillout,setsail1.Becausethewindwasn'tstrongenough,theyset_sailforFrance.2．Scientistsarein_search_ofacureforthedisease.3．Youwillget_into_troubleifyoudriveafterdrinking.4．We'retoolate;Idon'tthinkwe'llmake_it_tothestation.5．Fill_outtheapplicationcarefully,andkeepcopiesofit.Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空ErictheRed,whoseancestorscame1.fromScandinavia,wasoneoftheVikingswhoachievedachievementsinhisvoyageallhislife.According2.totheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRed3.was_forced(force)toleave4.wherehelivedbecausehewaschargedwithmurder.HeleftIcelandandthendiscoveredGreenlandwherehepersuadedsomepeople5.to_go(go)tolive.FollowingEric,anotherman,6.whosenamewasBiarni,7.eventually(eventual)reachedandlandedonGreenlandbecauseofanunexpectedstorm.Intheyear1002,Eric'sson,Leif,alsomadegreat8.contributions(contribute)in9.discovering(discover)otherlandssuchaspresent-dayCanadaandNewfoundland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssailing10.totheAmericas.Ⅴ.完形填空AstrangethinghappenedtomelastSunday.Itwassuchabeautifulday__1__Idrovetogoforalookinthecountry.Onthewaybackhome,my__2__stopped.Itwasoutofgasona__3__roadfarfromatown!IdecidedtowalkuntilIfoundsomeone__4__couldsellsomegas.Ihadwalkedalmostamile__5__Ifinallyfoundahousenearthe__6__.Iwasgladtoseeitbecauseitwasgettingdark.Iknockedatthedoorandalittleoldladywithlongwhitehair__7__.Shesaid,“I'vebeen__8__foryouhereforalongtime.ein.__9__isalmostready.”“ButIonlycameforsomegas，”Ianswered.Icouldn't__10__whatshewastalkingabout.“Oh,Alfred!Gas?You__11__tea，”saidshe.Iquickly__12__thatmycarwasoutof__13__，butshedidn'tseemtolistentome.Shejustkept__14__meAlfredandtalkingabouthowlongithadbeen__15__shehadseenme.ShewasactingverystrangelyandIwasanxioustoleave.Assoonasshewenttogettea,IwentoutofthehouseasfastasI__16__．__17__，therewasanotherhousedowntheroadandIwasabletobuythegasIneeded.WhenItoldthemanaboutmy__18__，hesaid,“Oh,that'sMissEmily.Shelivesbyherselfinthatbighouse.She'sstrange,butshewouldn't__19__anybody.Sheisstillwaitingforthemanshewasgoingtomarrythirtyyearsago.Thedaybeforetheirweddinghelefthomeand__20__camebackbecauseofthewar.”語篇解讀：本文講述了“我”的汽車沒有油了，“我”出去找油的時(shí)候，遇見的一件很奇怪的事情，一個(gè)女人把“我”錯(cuò)當(dāng)成了她逃婚的丈夫。1．A.andB．soC．butD．that解析：選Dand“和”；so“因此”；but“但是”；that“這個(gè)”。句意：這是很不錯(cuò)的一天，我開車去鄉(xiāng)下。such...that“如此以至于”，故選D項(xiàng)。2．A.carB．busC．bikeD．truck解析：選Acar“車”；bus“公交車”；bike“自行車”；truck“卡車”。句意：在回家的路上，我的車拋錨了。根據(jù)“Itwassuchabeautifulday________Idrovetogoforalookinthecountry.”可知作者是開車去的，故選A項(xiàng)。3．A.narrowB．lonelyC．crowdedD．busy解析：選Bnarrow“窄的”；lonely“孤獨(dú)的”；crowded“擁擠的”；busy“忙的”。句意：在一條孤獨(dú)的遠(yuǎn)離小鎮(zhèn)的路上車沒有油了。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。4．A.whatB．whomC．whoD．how解析：選C句意：我決定走著去找賣油的人。who引導(dǎo)someone的定語從句，故選C項(xiàng)。5．A.beforeB．a(chǎn)fterC．whileD．a(chǎn)s解析：選Abefore“之前”；after“之后”；while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；as“因?yàn)椤?。句意：在我發(fā)現(xiàn)道旁的小屋之前，我已經(jīng)走了大約一公里。根據(jù)語境可知選A項(xiàng)。6．A.streetB．pathC．wayD．road解析：選Dstreet“街道”；path“道路”；way“方式”；road“道路”。句意：在我發(fā)現(xiàn)道旁的小屋之前，我已經(jīng)走了大約一公里。故選D項(xiàng)。7．A.cameB．a(chǎn)nsweredC．openedD．a(chǎn)ppeared解析：選Be“來”；answer“回答”；open“打開”；appear“出現(xiàn)”。句意：我敲門，一個(gè)年長的白發(fā)的女士前來開門。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。8．A.askingB．lookingC．callingD．waiting解析：選Dask“問”；look“看”；call“打電話”；wait“等”。句意：我已經(jīng)在這等你很久了，進(jìn)來吧，茶已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。根據(jù)下文可知選D項(xiàng)。9．A.GasB．CoffeeC．TeaD．Lunch解析：選Cgas“汽油”；coffee“咖啡”；tea“茶”；lunch“午餐”。句意：我已經(jīng)在這等你很久了，進(jìn)來吧，茶已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。根據(jù)“‘Oh,Alfred!Gas?You________tea，’saidshe”可知選C項(xiàng)。10．A.considerB．understandC．a(chǎn)cceptD．think解析：選Bconsider“考慮”；understand“理解”；accept“接受”；think“認(rèn)為”。句意：我不能理解她說的話。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。11．A.likeB．loveC．usedtolikeD．enjoy解析：選Clike“喜歡”；love“愛”；usedtolike“過去喜歡”；enjoy“享受”。句意：Alfred，汽油，你過去最喜歡茶了。根據(jù)語境可知這位女士把作者當(dāng)作她的未婚夫了，故選C項(xiàng)。12．A.answeredB．explainedC．refusedD．promised解析：選Banswer“回答”；explain“解釋”；refuse“拒絕”；promise“承諾”。句意：我很快解釋，我的車沒有油了。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。13．A.gasB．teaC．strengthD．energy解析：選Agas“汽油”；tea“茶”；strength“力氣”；energy“能量”。句意：我很快解釋，我的車沒有油了。根據(jù)語境可知作者的車沒有油，故選A項(xiàng)。14．A.callingB．callC．tocallD．called解析：選A句意：她繼續(xù)叫我Alfred，跟我說自從上次見我已經(jīng)很久了。keepdoing“繼續(xù)做某事”，故選A項(xiàng)。15．A.untilB．beforeC．sinceD．when解析：選Cuntil“直到”；before“之前”；since“自從，因?yàn)椤保粀hen“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。句意：她繼續(xù)叫我Alfred，跟我說自從上次見我已經(jīng)很多久了。故選C項(xiàng)。16．A.couldB．canC．wouldD．should解析：選Acould“能夠”；can“能”；would“將會(huì)”；should“應(yīng)該”。句意：當(dāng)她上茶時(shí)，我已經(jīng)盡快地離開她家了。根據(jù)語境可知選A項(xiàng)。17．A.Unfortunat