攻略06名詞與冠詞（十一大考點(diǎn)總梳理）

模塊導(dǎo)航

?模塊一名詞的分類

?模塊二名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

?模塊三修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

?模塊四中考常見不可數(shù)名詞

?模塊五修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

?模塊六名詞的所有格

?模塊七名詞的性

?模塊八冠詞的分類

?模塊九不定冠詞的用法

?模塊十定冠詞的用法

?模塊十一零冠詞的用法

?模塊十二2022、2023年上海市?？颊骖}綜合訓(xùn)練50題

模塊一名詞的分類

A.專有名詞：具體的人、地、物、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體、月份和節(jié)日等專有

的名詞

如：AlfredNobel,Africa,February

數(shù)

名a可

詞

詞名可以用數(shù)字計數(shù)的名詞，如boy,chair

B.普通名

詞b不可1）物質(zhì)名詞:如fire,wood,air,water

數(shù)名詞2）抽象名詞:如information,advice,courage

模塊二名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

1.單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的一般規(guī)則，請將下列單詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式:

構(gòu)成方法例詞

一般在詞尾加shorse—horsesmile—miles

以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加esbox—boxesglass—glasses

brush—brushes

以0結(jié)尾的詞加s有生命加eshero—heroes

或espotatopotatoes

Negro—Negroes

無生命加Sphoto—photos

pianopianos

zoozoos

特例motto—mottos/mottoes,

*kangarookangaroos,volcanovolcanoes

以y結(jié)尾的以審電音字母加y結(jié)battery—batteries

詞尾白j詞，變y為i,加country—countries

es

以元音字母加y結(jié)monkey—monkeys

尾的詞直接加sday—days

以f或fe結(jié)尾f,fe變?yōu)関再加eswolf—wolveswife—wives

的詞個別詞直接加sroof—roofsbelief—beliefsscarf

scarves/scarfs

2.特殊變化有下列情況:

manmenmediummedia

RomanRomanschildchildren

womanwomenmousemice

businesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxen

goosegeesefootfeet

GermanGermanstoothteeth

>TherearemanymendoctorsinthedepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology.（婦產(chǎn)科）

VAttcntionV

man/woman男人、女人雙變原則

amannursesomemennursesawomandoctorwomendoctors

boyfriendsmaidservantswomenservantsladydrivers

3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的情況:

sheepsheeChineseChinesemeansmeanspeciesspeciecraft及由

Psscraft

（spacecraft,

deerdeerJapaneseJapanesSwissSwissseriesseries

aircraft）構(gòu)成

e

的名詞

Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtolaw（訴諸法律）.

Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.

4.單復(fù)數(shù)特別用法：

a.word的特別用法：

不可數(shù)名詞新聞、消息、承諾

word

可數(shù)名詞詞、話語

★小試身手★

Wordhasitthatsheisleaving.有消息傳來

1)Pleasesendmewordofyoursafearrival.

通知我

2)Theyaskedhimtoleave,inotherwords,hewasfired.

換句話來說

3)Helikestospreadthewordabouttheimportanceofhealthyeating.

★習(xí)慣用語★

keep/breakone's履行諾言/inotherwords換句話說

word食言

leaveword留言eatone'swords承認(rèn)錯誤（收

回某人的話）

amanofhisword信守諾言的thelastwords遺言

人

wordfor/byword逐字逐句地wasteone'swords白費(fèi)口舌

inaword總之haveafewwords/awordwithsb與某人談?wù)?/p>

5.單復(fù)數(shù)用法的其他特殊情況：

>比較：CDs(CD's)SomeVIPs(someVIP's)Inthe1990s(1990's)

6.一“S”之差，謬以千里

paper紙papers考卷

good好的goods貨物

letter信件letters文學(xué)（作品）

look看looks外表

glass杯子glasses眼鏡

green綠色greens綠葉蔬菜

custom風(fēng)俗customs海關(guān)

time時間times時代

sand沙sands沙灘

iron鐵irons腳鐐

drink喝drinks飲品

force武力forces軍隊

spirit精神spirits精力/態(tài)度

work工作works工廠/作品

7.固定詞組用復(fù)數(shù)

tiirnc

模塊三修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

請翻譯下列詞組:

一群人agroup/crowdof一兩天acoupleofdays

alarge/huge/greatagreatdealofplentyof/

numberofalargeamountofalotof

thenumberoftheamountoflotsof/

dozensofhugeamountsofalargequantityof

scoresofalargesumof(一大筆)quantitiesof(謂語動詞用復(fù)

hundredsof(a)little數(shù))

(a)fewabitthequantityof

severalmuch

many(a)

★區(qū)分總結(jié)★

度量衡單位的原則（單復(fù)數(shù)變化）:

中國度量衡one/fiveyuantwo/fourJiaothreeJintenmu

外國度量衡3dollars15pounds20miles12kilometers

模塊六名詞的所有格

總體規(guī)律：名詞所有格有三種形式:，S所有格，of所有格和同時具備前兩種格的雙重所有格。

1.Ls所有格：

一般是在詞尾，若原詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾S,則只要在S后加(')

>David'scarmybrother/snotebookmysisters*toy

Children7sDayWomen'sDaythePeople'sSquare

2.of所有格：這種所有格常用于無生命的東西。

a.theAofC名詞擁有較長的定語。

>Thesoundofthechildrenplaying,thenameofthegirlstandingoutside,thecontributionofscience

andtechnology

b.表示地理、機(jī)構(gòu)、集體等的名詞可用of或勺表所有格。

>Thepopulationofthecity或thecity'spopulation,theplanofthefamily或thefamily'splan等。

c.在某人的家或工作地

>atMrGreen'stomyuncle/satthetailor'satthedoctor's

VAttentionV

共有還是私藏

>JaneandMary'sfatherJane/sandTom'sfathers

3.雙重所有格：abookofmyfriend'ssomefriendsofhisfather1s

a.雙重所有格中的第二個名詞總是指人，不指物。

>apageofthebook's(X)

應(yīng)改為apageofthebook.

b.雙重所有格中的第一個名詞常有不定冠詞(a/an)或that等詞，而第二個名詞總是特指

the。

thefriendofthedoctor's(錯)

afriendofthedoctor's(對)

thatfriendofmybrother's(V)

VAttcntionV

>apictureofmysister's(畫是我姐姐的)

apictureofmysister（畫中人是我姐姐）

在用勺和。f皆可表示名詞所有格時，強(qiáng)調(diào)有別。

>China'sdevelopment（強(qiáng)調(diào)development）

ThedevelopmentofChina（強(qiáng)調(diào)China）

模塊七名詞的性

actoractresswaiterwaitress

headmasterheadmistresshosthostess

princeprincessemperorempress

godgoddessstewardstewardess

tigertigresslienlioness

模塊八冠詞的分類

不定冠詞（泛指）a用于輔音音素或半元音音素前

冠詞an用于元音音素前

定冠詞（特指）the

模塊九不定冠詞的用法

不定冠詞a/an常表示泛指泛指人或物

>Hewillbeateacherinfiveyears.

1.表示數(shù)量“一個”

>Thereisabookandtwopencilsonthedesk.

2.某些習(xí)慣用語中

>takealookhavearesthaveaswimgoonadiet

haveagoodtimemakeadecisionmakealiving

dosb.afavorgivesb.ahandin□minute

3.有些特殊情況中，專有名詞前必須加不定冠詞，表示具有某種特性的人或物、某一位不認(rèn)識的人或某

個不確定的時間。

>IknowaLeonardo,butnotthefamousone.

我認(rèn)識一個叫萊昂納多的人，但不是有名氣的那個。

模塊十定冠詞的用法

1.用于上文已經(jīng)提到過的事物前

>Givemethebook.

2.用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前

>theair,theearth,themoon,thesun,theworld,thesky,thesouth

VAttentionV

space（太空）前不用

3.用于形容詞的比較級、最高級和序數(shù)詞前

>Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.

>thelargestroom,thesecondstory

4.用于西洋樂器前（中國樂器前不用加定冠詞）

>playthepiano/guitar

>playzither/erhu

VAttentionV

a.序數(shù)詞前有時也可以用不定冠詞a（n）,表示〃又一、再一”的泛指意義。

>Inspiteofthefirsttwofailures,hetriedathirdtime.

盡管前兩次失敗，他又試了第三次。

b.下列表達(dá)在序數(shù)詞前習(xí)慣不用定冠詞：

>Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.

他們一見鐘情。

5.江河、海洋、山川、國家（全稱）、組織、團(tuán)體

請翻譯下列的詞組：

長江(The)Yangtze太平洋thePacificOcean

River

美國theUnitedStates中國共產(chǎn)黨themunistPartyof

ofAmericaChina

北京賓BeijingHotel自由女神像theStatueofLiberty

6.表時間和空間

a.空間：theeast,thewest,thesouth,thenorth,thefront,theback,theleft,therighto

>Theteacherseatedhispupilsinthebackoftheclassroom.

老師讓學(xué)生們坐在教室后面。

b.時間：atthebeginningof在…初，inthemiddleof在…中，attheendof在…末尾，thepast

過去，thepresent現(xiàn)在

7.用于形容詞或分詞前表示一類人或事物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

窮人thepoor富人therich

老人theold年輕人theyoung

病人thesick死人thedead

盲人theblind傷者thewounded

好人thegood美人thebeautiful

不認(rèn)識的人theunknown失業(yè)者theunemployed

殘疾人thedisabled長者theelderly

8.動詞+賓語+介詞+the+身體部位

>Hetookthethiefbythehand.

>Theballhittheboyonthenose.

>Thewomanhitthemanintheface.

9.the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)表示這一家人

>TheTurnersaresittngatthebreakfasttable.

模塊十一零冠詞的用法

1.稱呼、頭銜作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)語

>Heisheadoftheorganization.（頭銜，表語）

2.學(xué)科、球類、棋類

>Doyoustudymaths?

>Helikesplayingfoo:ball/chess.

3.By+n

a.表示交通工具，方式方法

>byaicbybus,bybike,bytrain,

takeabus,einaboat,onthetrain/bus,rideabike

b.依據(jù)……行事

>byweight

4.語言名稱：

>Chinese,English,French

5.詞組比較：（定冠詞與零冠詞用法）

inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院

infrontof在前方inthefrontof在前部

outofquestion無疑的outofthequestion不可能的

attable進(jìn)餐atthetable坐在桌子旁

模塊十二2022、2023年上海市?？颊骖}綜合訓(xùn)練

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Jackstartedtoworkatearlyagebecausehisfamilywasverypoor.

A.aB.anC.（heD./

2.—Whoistheboyinapuiplecoaloverthere?

——He'smycousinJudy.Hecanplayguitarwell.

A.theB.anC.aD./

3.Davidisgoodatplayingpianoalthoughheisonly5yearsold.

4.Mr.Smithisoldmanandheusuallywalkshisdogaftersupper.

A.a;theB.an;aC.an;/D.the;/

5.Asanexcellentstudent.Amyformsthegoodhabitofgettingtoschoolon

A.theB.aC./D.an

6.Ioftenplay_______guitartorelaxmyselfinmyfreetime.

A.theB.anC.aD./

7.—Whatdoyoulikefordinner?

—Ilikesome___________fordinner.

A.eggB.hamburger

C.appleD.chicken

8.MichelleYeohis_______Asianactress.ShewontheOscarforthebestactressinMarch.

A.aB.anC.theD./

9.Hedoesn'tcfrom________Europeancountry.Heisfrom________Asiancountry.

A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.a;/

10.—Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismoming?

hadeggandsomebread.

A.aB.anC.theD./

11.Onchildren'sDay,Jackreceivedagoodgiftfromhisparents.

A.anB.aC.theD./

12.Ifyouarcbooklover,youmayhaveheardoftheNewberyMedal.

A.aB.anC.theD./

13.Beijing,________canitalofChina,haslonghistory.

A.the;/B.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

14.—Lily,what'syourplanfbrtheingsummerholiday?

—rilhave________oneweektriptoNanjingtorelaxmyself.

A./B.aC.anD.the

15.—Whois__________girlwithlongblackhair?

—Sheismyclassmate.

A.aB.theC./D.an

]6,Thegirlisexcellentsportsstar.SheachievedherdreamintheWinterOlympicgames.

A.aB.anC.theD.I

17.Iusuallyhavebreakfastat7o'clock,andIhadbigbreakfastthismorning

A./,aB.a,aC./,theD.a,the

18.ThereisbeautifulmountaininYongchuan.It'scalledMountainTeaBambooSea.

A.aB.anC.theD./

19.SandyisonlychildofherfamilyandsheismemberoftheschoolReadingClub.

A.a;ihcB.an;aC.the;aD.the;（he

20.IhaveneverseensuchamazingTVdramalikeTheKnockout（《狂飆》）before.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.Asweallknow,ChinaisAsiancountrywhileGermanyisEuropeancountry.

A.a;theB.an;theC.a;anD.an;a

22.HarryPotterissuchinterestingbookthatwealllikeit.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.―Onlinestudyisunusualwayformostofthestudents.

—It'sgreat.I'veneverstudiedinmoreinterestingway.

A.an;/B.the;theC.an;aD.an;the

24.Aliceistalentedinplayingpiano.Shewantstobeapianistwhenshegrowsup.

A.aB.anC.theD./

25.IthinkCinderellaiswonderfulmovie.Itisworthwatching.

A.aB.anC.theD./

26.Myuncle,firstkidinhisfamily,hasunusualbirthday—theNationalDay.andthat's

whyhisfirstnameisGuoqing.

A.an;theB.the;anC.a;cheD.the;a

27.Howmuchdoweneedlomakeabananamilkshake?

A.bananasB.applesC.cofleeD.milk

28.motherisaworker.

A.MaryandMike'sB.Mary'sandMike's

C.Mary'sandM汰cD.MaryandMike

29.Morethan60percentofChineseteenagersdon'tgetsleepadayandhomeworkisthoughttobethe

keyreason.

A.eighthoursB.eighthour'sC.eighthourD.eighthours5

30.Howmany_________doyouwant?

A.riceB.tomatosC.piecesofbreadD.potato

31.IwassoexcitedwhenIsawsomany_onthefarm.

A.sheepB.chickenC.duckD.milk

32.—Isthishat________?

一No,theredoneis________.

A.Lucy's;herB.Lucy;herC.Lucy's;hersD.Lucy;hers

33.Ted,afriendof_____iskeepingontakinganactivepartinsportsregularly.

A.myB.mineC.meD.myself

34.Whenspringes,(hereisalwaysmuch______inHangzhou.

A.rainB.rainsC.rainyD.raining

35.The_areplayinggameswiththeir_ontheplayground.

A.child;womanteachersB.child;womenteachers

C.children;womenteachersD.children;womanteachers

36.-Whoisthegirlsingingnow?Iseemtohaveseenherbefore.

—Sheisafriendof.

A.IB.mineC.myD.myself

37.Thegreendictionarybelongto.Hernameisonit.

A.may;Carla'sB.must;Carla

C.can't;CarlaD.must;Carla's

38.Heusedtotravelfaraiad,sohegot。八geogsphg.

A.wide;a八，ofknowledgesB.wide;agreatdealofknowledge

C.wide?;alarge八UMS"ofknowledgesD.widely;agooddealofknowledge

39.Childrenlike.becausethegcav\p(agjokes。八Mgone.

A.Children'sDayB.Child'sDay

C.Child匕八s'DagD.ChildrenDog

40.T