【英語】高考英語試題真題分類匯編閱讀理解(社會文化)一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解

Vietnamaimstosolvetherelationsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalpreservation.Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.

Vietnamnowhasmorethan40000historicalrelics.Theserelicsofvariousformsandhistoryaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.

However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.HeadofHanoiRelicsManagementBoard,NguyenDoanTuan,saysrescueworkmustpreservetherelics'soul:"Wecannotreplaceruinedconstructionwithnewmaterials.Wemustpreserveitsshape,sizeandstyle.Weneedtopayattentiontoeverybrickreplacedsothatitlooksexactlyliketheoriginal."

Mostrelicshavetorelyontouristfeesforrepairandrescuework.DirectorofVanMieuCulturalandScienceCenterDangKimNgoc,saysthattherelicsmustbepromotedwidelytoattractmorevisitorsandbringinmoreincomeforrepairandpreservation:"Weprovideconstantguideservicesforvisitorssothattheyunderstandmoreaboutourrelics.Atthesametime,anaturalsurroundingoftherelichasbeenensured,includingthegrassfieldandgardentoimproveitsscenicvalue."

Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,"TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics.Wehaveseenlimitationsinthepreservationofrelics,especiallyfestival-relatedgroupsofbuildings.Thisrequiresmanagementandguidancebythegovernment."

NguyenThiMinhLyfromtheDepartmentofHeritagesaysthecommunityshouldbeguidedinproperbehaviorstowardsrelics:"Thiswillensuretheprotectionofculturalrelicsinlatergenerations.Creativerestoration(修復)mustbebasedonprevious(先前的)values."

Expertshavecalledforasystematic(系統(tǒng)的)guidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.（1）Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Agovernmentsurvey.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Anewspaperreport.D.Atravelguide.（2）WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonsforthedamagedrelicsinVietnam?A.Humanactivities.B.Poorbuildingmaterials.C.Warinfluence.D.Thepassingoftime.（3）Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4-6thattopreserverelics,thegovernmentshould

.A.turntotheUNESCOforfinancialhelpB.improvethescenicvaluebyraisingtouristfeesC.encouragethecommunitytojoinintherescueworkD.makefulluseofthemoneyraisedbythelocalpeople（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GuidetheCommunityinProperBehaviorsB.ReplacetheRuinedConstructionwithaNewStyleC.HundredsofRelicsinVietnamAreInRuinsD.ExpertsCallforaSystematicWaytoPreserveRelics【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)，文章說明了文物遭受破壞的原因和文物保護的現(xiàn)狀。就此專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統(tǒng)的指導，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.”越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)，以及文章主要內(nèi)容為介紹專家們呼吁用一種系統(tǒng)的方法來保護文物，故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.”然而，由于時間、戰(zhàn)爭和人類活動的負面影響，數(shù)以百計的文物遭到嚴重破壞，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,‘TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics...’”當?shù)卣?，文物必須移交給社區(qū)，共同努力進行保護工作。越南革命博物館館長DangQuocQuan說，社會必須在保護和保護的指導下，“聯(lián)合國教科文組織的目的是讓當?shù)厣鐣⑴c文物的?！笨梢酝茢?，為了保護文物，政府應該鼓勵社區(qū)參與救援工作。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Expertshavecalledforasystematicguidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.”專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統(tǒng)的指導，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復，以及結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)可知，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.

Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔誠)andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.

Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.（1）WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.（2）WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.B.Tolooktothedistance.C.Toseetheoutsideworld.D.TopayrespecttoGod.（3）Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，大多數(shù)印度女人的眉毛中間都戴著紅點，這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，它代表的是第三只眼，可以時時提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。現(xiàn)在眉心紅點更多的是作為裝飾品使用。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital（婚姻的）status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多數(shù)女性的眉毛上都有一個紅點。雖然這通常被認為是他們婚姻狀況的一個指標，但這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)?？芍@種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，所以印度人前額戴紅點是展示他們的宗教信仰。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段可知，印度傳統(tǒng)上認為人有第三只眼。以及“Assuch，thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts．”因此，點作為一個持續(xù)的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教傳統(tǒng)中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs，thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple．”可知，根據(jù)印度教的信仰，紅色被認為能為已婚的夫婦帶來好運。故選B。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes，colorsandvariations，andcanbewornbyyoungandold，marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike．Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”裝飾物或貼紙貼紙有各種尺寸、顏色和變化，年輕人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴賓蒂帽與其說是一種宗教習俗，不如說是一種時尚宣言?？芍?，眉心紅點現(xiàn)在更多的被用作裝飾品。故選A．【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

ThefinalresultsofBest-EverTeenFictionvotearein.Whileit'snosurprisetoseeHarryPotterandTheHungerGamesseriesontop,thisyear'slistalsohighlightssomewritersweweren'tasfamiliarwith.Forexample,JohnGreen,authorofTheFaultinOurStars,appearsfivetimesinthetop100.

Summer,likeyouth,passesquickly.Butthebookswereadwhenwe'reyoungcanstaywithusforalifetime.Thefollowingarethetop4onthelist.Enjoy.

⒈HarryPotterseries

TheHarryPotterbooksmakeupthepopularserieswrittenbyJ.K.Rowing.Theseriesincludessevenbooks.Thebooksconcernawizard(魔法師)calledHarryPotterandhisjourneythroughHogwartsSchoolofWitchcraftandWizardry.ThestoriestellofhimovercomingdangerousobstaclestodefeatthedarkwizardLordVoldemortwhokilledhisparentswhenHarrywas15monthsold.

⒉TheHungerGamesseries

IntheruinsofafutureNorthAmerica,ayounggirlispickedtoleaveherpoordistrictandtraveltoCapitolforabattletothedeathinthecruelHungerGames.ButforKatnissEverdeen,themaincharacterinthisseriesbySuzanneCollins,winningtheGamesonlyputsherdeeperindangerasthestrictsocialorderofPanembeginstounravel(瓦解).

⒊ToKillaMockingbird

AuthorHarperLeeexploresracialtensionsinthefictional"tiredoldtown"ofMaycomb,Ala.,throughtheeyesof6-year-oldScoutFinch.Asherlawyerfather,Atticus,defendsablackmanaccusedofacrime,ScoutandherfriendslearnabouttheunjusttreatmentofAfrican-Americans–andtheirmysteriousneighbor,BooRadley.

⒋ThefaultinOurStars

HazelGrace,ateenagegirl,hasgotallsortsofcancerinsideherbody,andherlungsaren'tworkingverywell.Sheknowssheisdyinganddoesn'tliveinhopeanymore.WhenamannamedAugustusWaterssuddenlyappearsattheCancerKidSupportGroup,Hazel'sstoryisabouttobecompletelyrewritten.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJohnGreen?A.

Oneofhisnovelstopsthelist.B.

Manyofhisnovelsareverypopular.C.

Heisthefavoritewriterofmanyteens.D.

Hewasawell-knownwriterlongbeforethevote.（2）WhoistheauthorofTheHungerGamesseries?A.

HarperLee.

B.

JohnGreen.

C.

J.K.Rowling.

D.

SuzanneCollins.（3）WhatisToKillaMockingbirdmainlyabout?A.

Lifelongfriendships.

B.

Racialdiscrimination.C.

Amanworkingasalawyer.

D.

Alittlegirl'sdifficultchildhood.（4）HazelinTheFaultinOurStars______.A.

isveryoptimistic

B.

writesagreatstoryC.

makesmanymistakes

D.

ischangedbyAugustus.（5）Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthetextprobably?A.

Sports.

B.

News.

C.

Literature.

D.

Entertainment.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）D（5）C【解析】【分析】

短文大意：本文介紹了最受青少年喜愛的四部小說。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段thisyear'slistalsohighlightssomewritersweweren'tasfamiliarwith.Forexample,JohnGreen,authorofTheFaultinOurStars,appearsfivetimesinthetop100.可知，本年度的名單中出現(xiàn)了一些我們不是很熟悉的作家，比如JohnGreen，在前100里出現(xiàn)了五次，可知，其小說很受歡迎，故選B。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段ButforKatnissEverdeen,themaincharacterinthisseriesbySuzanneCollins可知，饑餓游戲的作者為SuzanneCollins，故選D。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本部分AuthorHarperLeeexploresracialtensionsinthefictional"tiredoldtown"ofMaycomb可知，殺死一只知更鳥，探討種族歧視問題，故選B。（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段WhenamannamedAugustusWaterssuddenlyappearsattheCancerKidSupportGroup,Hazel'sstoryisabouttobecompletelyrewritten.可知，當AugustusWaters出現(xiàn)的時候，Hazel的人生發(fā)生了改變，故選D。（5）推理判斷題題。本文主要介紹四部受青少年喜愛的小說，故與文學有關(guān)，故選C?！军c評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題兩種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。4．閱讀理解

Someinternationallanguagesarewidelyusedformanypurposes.Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.Ireckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.Ontheotherhand,weneedtohelpimproveminoritylanguages.

Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.Somecountriestrytosavedyinglanguages.Forinstance,AustralianGovernmentcreatedaprojecttosavethelanguageandcultureofMaoriwhoareAustralianaborigines.AndthereareotherprojectstokeepminoritylanguagessuchasAmericanIndianlanguage.

However,theworldwidejobmarketusuallyrequirescandidateswhocanspeakEnglishorotherinternationallanguages.Peoplewhocannotspeaklinguafranca(共通語)couldhardlybepromotedatwork.Forexample,somecompaniesneedanemployeewhocandealwithforeigncompanies.Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.

Therefore,worldneedsonecommonlinguafrancathatshouldbespokeninanycountry.Consequently,onecommonlanguageshouldbearequiredsubjectineveryschool.Soanyonespeakingonecommonlanguagecantravelwithoutworriestoanypointoftheworldandtradetheirproducts.Peoplewillnotbeforcedtolearnmanylanguages.

Inconclusion,weshouldhelpminoritynationstokeeptheirlanguagesfortheculturaldiversity.Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reckon”inParagraph1mean?A.

Deny.

B.

Fear.

C.

Ignore.

D.

Think.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.

Notallminoritylanguagesareuseful.

B.

Someminoritylanguageshavediedout.C.

MaoriisattractivetoAustraliantourists.

D.

AmericanIndianlanguageiswellpreserved.（3）Whydomostpeoplestudymoreinternationallanguages?A.

Itbenefitstheirjourney.

B.

Theycanearnmoremoney.C.

Itdoesgoodtofindagoodjob.

D.

Theyareeagertogetpromoted.（4）Howcanwestayawayfromlanguageproblems?A.

Bylearningacommonlanguage.

B.

Bywipingoutminoritylanguages.C.

Bystudyingmorelanguagesatcollege.

D.

Bycommunicatingmorewithforeigners.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一些國際語言被廣泛用于許多目的，多數(shù)人學習更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。作者建議通過學習一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.”一些少數(shù)民族語言消亡，一些國家傾向于保持少數(shù)民族語言?！盜reckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.”我認為最常用的國際語言緩解我們的生活質(zhì)量和與不同民族的溝通。由上下文聯(lián)系推知劃線詞的意思是“想，認為”。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.”可知一些少數(shù)民族的語言已經(jīng)滅絕。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.”多數(shù)人學習更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。故選C。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.”可知通過學習一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解Welcometothe2017UKFestivalAwards

TheUKFestivalAwards&Conferenceisanopportunitytorecognizethehardwork,visionandcreativityofthenation'sbelovedfestivalindustry.

Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.Theevening'sAwardspresentawiderangeofhonorsacrosscategoriesthataredecidedviaacombinationofpublicvotingandprofessionaljudgments.Sincelaunchingin2004ithasevolvedintoamajoreventatTheRoundhouseinLondon,givingtheindustryachancetocollectivelycelebrateandfondlyreflectupontheachievementsofthepastyear.

Withagourmetdinner,galaawardsceremonyandafter-showparty,itattractsover1,000ofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthebusiness.

Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.

AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.

Asthefestivalseasonisapproaching,wethoughtit'dbeagoodtimetoreleaseourfreeUKFestivalMarketReportfor2015/2016.Wegatheredthedatainourannualcensus(人口普查)

undertakeninthepreparationstageforlastyear'sUKFestivalAwards.ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.

IncludedintheReportisabunchofrelatedinformationaboutfestivalgoers:wherethey'refrom,howtheyliketopurchasemusic,whattheyeat,theirattitudestowardsticketprices,howreceptivetheyaretodifferentformsofadvertising,whytheygotofestivalsinthefirstplace,wheretheysleep,andmuchmore.

Wehopeyoufindtheinformationuseful.（1）Whichphraseistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“portending”inparagraph2?A.

gettingdown

B.

addingup

C.

givingway

D.

lookingforward（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

AnannualcensusisconductedandreleasedintheFestivalB.

TheFestivalAwardsLtd,isresponsiblefornotlessthanthreeevents.C.

Thegalaawardsceremonyattractsonly1.000influentialbusinessmen.D.

Publicvotingplaysaleadingroleindecidingavarietyoffestivalhonors.（3）Wheremostprobablywillyouseethispassage?A.

Inamagazine.

B.

Inanewspaper.

C.

Onawebsite.

D.

InaTVprogram.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了the2017UKFestivalAwards。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.”在活動的當天，會議邀請了許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士來討論與該行業(yè)相關(guān)的最重要的問題，回顧其過去的過去，并展望未來。根據(jù)reviewingitsimmediatepast和tothefuture.可知劃線詞的意思是“展望未來”，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.”和第五段中的“AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.”可知，TheFestivalAwardsLtd負責不少于三項活動。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.”可知，這篇文章最有可能來自一個網(wǎng)址。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

BEIJING/SAOPAULO-Chinesetraditionslikecockfightinglike-flyingandfireworkshavebeenquitecommoninBrazilformanyyears.

Despitethethousandsofkilometersbetweenthem,China'shistoricalandartisticmarkonBrazilhasexistedforabout300years,saidBraziliansinologist(漢學家)JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeiteinhisbookChinainBrazil."InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence."Thecommercialrelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieshasexistedforalongtime,henoted,addingthatincomingshipswouldfillupBraziliancitieslikeSalvador,RiodeJaneiroandRecifewithChineseproductslikeporcelain(瓷器),silkandfansHealsofoundChineseinfluencenotonlyintheartsandarchitectureofBrazilbutalsointhemostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety,liketheeconomy,medicineandpopularculture."Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,(astateinnortheasternBrazil),therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons."Teixeiraadded.

Thebooktookhimabout15yearstofinish."Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,"hesaid."SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil."

Besides,thesinologistdidresearchonthemarkandpresenceofChinainthearchitectureandartsofBrazil."ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,"Teixeirasaid.

In1992,thesinologistvisitedMacaotodoresearchforhisdoctoralthesisaboutthemarksandpresenceofChinainBrazil,andthattripimpressedhimalot.In2013,TeixeirahadachancetovisittheChinesecitiesofBeijing,ShenzhenandShanghai,andgottoknow"thepastandpresentofthegreatcountryculturally,aswellasitsincrediblematerialdevelopment."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A.Brazilianchildren'slovefordragonsasChinesechildren.B.ThedevelopmentofChina-Brazilfrequenttradecooperation.C.Afurtherunderstandingoftheculturesofthetwocountries.D.China'sinfluenceonmostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety.（2）WhatmarksanewstageofChinesestudiesforBrazilian?A.Children'sclothes.B.Thesinologist'straveling.C.Thesinologist'sbook.D.China'sporcelain.（3）Whatfiredthesinologist'spassionforChinesestudies?A.Chineseart.B.Chinesecustoms.C.ThehistoryofChina.D.China'sdevelopment.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheImpressionofChinaonSinologist.B.ChinaandBrazilinEyesofSinologistC.AnIntroductiontoSinologist'sNewBookD.TheFutureofChina-BrazilTradeRelations【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了巴西漢學家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite眼中的中國和巴西。（1）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence.”可知中國的影響可以追溯到殖民地時代，甚至到巴西獨立之后。從畫線句所在的句子“Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,（astateinnortheasternBrazil）,therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons．可知19世紀末，在巴西東北部的一個州，伯南布哥，有一個習俗，孩子們睡在裝飾有中國龍的衣服上。因此，劃線句子顯示的是中國對巴西社會各個領(lǐng)域的影響。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"‘Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,’hesaid.‘SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil.’"可知這本書的影響令我吃驚，盡管它是由一家大學出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000冊。有人說這本書代表了巴西中國研究的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。因此，這本書標志著巴西人的漢語研究進入了一個新的階段。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"‘ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,’Teixeirasaid.”可知正是通過藝術(shù)，中國在我心中覺醒，首先是好奇心，然后是興趣，最后是激情，特謝拉說。因此，是藝術(shù)激發(fā)了這位漢學家對中國研究的熱情。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，巴西漢學家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite從藝術(shù)，商業(yè)，經(jīng)濟，醫(yī)學，文化，建筑等方面介紹了中國對巴西的影響。所以短文的最佳標題為“漢學家眼中的中國和巴西”。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.

Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-growingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.

CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalf-degreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.

InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.

Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.

Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandtotakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.

Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealivingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adversely"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.

slightly

B.

temporarily

C.

harmfully

D.

gradually（2）Whywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeeinhighlandareas?A.

Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.

B.

Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.

Toreducethecostofcoffeeproduction

D.

Togetaccesstowatersupplymoreeasily.（3）Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.

Therichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorer.B.

Smallchangesmayhavelargeeffectsingeneral.C.

Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.D.

Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.（4）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.

Cautious.

B.

Worried.

C.

Unconcerned.

D.

Hopeful.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一份新的報告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會顯著影響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。咖啡產(chǎn)業(yè)的變化會對社會造成很多影響。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.”這種對溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風險。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產(chǎn)量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%，在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會對其產(chǎn)生不利影響。"adversely"意思是有害的，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.”咖啡生產(chǎn)很可能會被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足以彌補失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應溫度的變化，故選A。（3）考