高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省漯河市部分學(xué)校2025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASummerSchoolforTeenagersAstheUK’sTop-rankedMulti-campusSummerSchool,weensurethatwewilldeliveranoutstandingsummerexperienceinamulti-national,fun,andsecuresetting.Studentshavetheopportunitytostudyawiderangeofstimulatingcourseswithlike-mindedpeopleinwell-knownacademicenvironments.Course1:GeneralEnglish●Time:June11-July2●Teacher:LeahRoeschOurcreative,student-centredlessonswillhelpyouimproveyourall-roundabilityinEnglish.Byengagingininterestingandstimulatingtasks,projects,andactivities,studentsarechallengedtoactivatetheirlanguageknowledgeandfurtherdeveloptheircommunicationskills.Course2:FutureEngineers●Time:June15-June28●Teacher:MarshallDukeAreyoupassionateaboutmathematicsandphysicsanddoyouwanttolearnhowtobringthemtogethertosolvereal-worldchallenges?WithFutureEngineers,yourtheoreticalknowledgewillbestretchedandenhanced,creatingthegroundworkforafantasticcareerinengineering.Course3:IntroductiontoSTEM●Time:June21-July3●Teacher:EdithFreniWhatcouldbebetterthanbuildingyourEnglishwhileyou’rearousingyourpassionforSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)?StudentswhostudySTEMhavetheuniquechancetostudyinaschoolthatisfrequentlyshortlistedasthebestpublicschoolintheUK.Course4:IntroductiontoLeadership●Time:July19-August1●Teacher:CristinaDePasqualeWeexplorethefoundationsandqualitiesthatwillmakeeachofourstudentseffectiveleaders.Duringthisexcitingtwo-weekprogramme,weexaminewell-knownhistoricalleadershipfiguresandthecharacteristicsthatmadethemsuccessful.1.Whatdoweknowaboutcourse1?A.Itisteacher-centred. B.Itlaststheshortesttime.C.Itcombineseducationandpractice. D.Itaimstodevelopprofessionalqualities.2.Whatdocourse2andcourse3focuson?A.Leadership. B.Science. C.Futurecareers. D.Teachingtheories.3.Whosecourseshouldyouchooseifyouwanttobeamanager?A.LeahRoesch’s. B.MarshallDuke’s. C.EdithFreni’s. D.CristinaDePasquale’s.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹針對青少年的英國頂尖多校區(qū)暑期學(xué)校，以及通用英語、未來工程師等四門課程的時間、教師及核心內(nèi)容。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Course1:GeneralEnglish中的“Ourcreative,student-centredlessonswillhelpyouimproveyourall-roundabilityinEnglish.Byengagingininterestingandstimulatingtasks,projects,andactivities,studentsarechallengedtoactivatetheirlanguageknowledgeandfurtherdeveloptheircommunicationskills.(我們富有創(chuàng)意的、以學(xué)生為中心的課程將幫助你提高英語綜合能力。通過參與有趣且富有啟發(fā)性的任務(wù)、項目和活動，學(xué)生們需要主動運用語言知識，并進一步提升溝通技能)”可知，該課程既有知識學(xué)習(xí)（提升英語能力），又有實踐活動（任務(wù)、項目），實現(xiàn)了教育與實踐的結(jié)合。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Course2:FutureEngineers中的“Areyoupassionateaboutmathematicsandphysicsanddoyouwanttolearnhowtobringthemtogethertosolvereal-worldchallenges?(你是否對數(shù)學(xué)和物理充滿熱情？你是否想學(xué)習(xí)如何將它們結(jié)合起來解決現(xiàn)實世界的挑戰(zhàn)？)”以及Course3:IntroductiontoSTEM中的“STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)(STEM（科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)）)”可知，兩門課程均圍繞數(shù)學(xué)、物理、科學(xué)等理科領(lǐng)域展開，核心聚焦于科學(xué)學(xué)科。故選B項。【3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Course4:IntroductiontoLeadership中的“Weexplorethefoundationsandqualitiesthatwillmakeeachofourstudentseffectiveleaders.Duringthisexcitingtwo-weekprogramme,weexaminewell-knownhistoricalleadershipfiguresandthecharacteristicsthatmadethemsuccessful.(我們將探索能讓每位學(xué)生成為高效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的基礎(chǔ)和品質(zhì)。在這個令人興奮的兩周課程中，我們將研究著名的歷史領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物以及使他們成功的特質(zhì))”可知，該課程培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，適合未來想成為管理者的人，其授課教師是CristinaDePasquale。故選D項。BWhenIwasan8-year-oldboy,myfamilyspentaweekatmyAuntCharlotteandUncleRichard’shomeinTennessee.Myoldercousinswerebusyplayingwiththeneighborhoodkids,takingmealongwiththem.Oneday,Ispottedaboy,Jack,aroundmyage,playingoutsideaweatheredoldhousedownthestreet.Westruckupaconversationandquicklybecamefriends,spendingthenextfewdaysplayingtogether.Oneafternoon,mycousinsfeltthirstyandtiredafterplayinggames,soweenteredJack’shousetogetadrinkofwater.IwasstruckbywhatIsaw:Theshelveswerebare,andthefridgewasempty.Jackexplainedthatitwasjusttheendofthemonth.Hismomwouldgetpaidinafewdays,andthentheshelveswouldbefullagain.Iwasdeeplytroubled.Ihadneverseenanyonecompletelyoutoffoodbefore.Thatevening,IsubconsciouslymentionedthemattertoAuntCharlotte.Withoutaword,shetookafreshlybakedpiefromtheovenanddisappearedoutofthebackdoor.Ilaterlearnedthathavingexperiencedaperiodofhunger,sheexactlyunderstoodwhatitwasliketobewithoutfood.ThenshegavetheextrapietoJack’smom.Fortherestofourvisit,AuntCharlottepreparedaheartylunchforbothofuseveryday.Shealsomadesurethatshewouldsendoversomefreshvegetablesandfruitsfromtheirgarden,ensuringthatJack’sfamilyhadnutritiousmeals.Atthattime,Ididn’trealizetheprofoundlessonshewasteachingme.AuntCharlottewasashiningexampleofgenerosity.Sheshowedmehowtolivewithempathy,howtogivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn,howtosharewhatwehave,and,mostimportantly,howtolove.Herquiet,selflessactsleftalastingimpressiononme,teachingmethattruecompassionoftenliesinthesmall,everydaygesturesthatcanmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’slife.Shedidn’tjustgivefood.Shegavehopeanddignity,showingthatevenintoughtimes,ahelpinghandcanlightentheburden.4.WhywasJack’shouseemptyoffood?A.Hisfridgewastoooldtoholdextrafood. B.Hismomwastoobusytobuysomefood.C.Hisfamilylackedthemoneytoaffordfood. D.Hisfamilyhadjustclearedfoodcompletely.5.HowdidtheauthorhelpJack?A.Bytellingthesituationtohisaunt. B.Bypreparingaheartylunchforhim.C.Byinvitinghimtoeatthepietogether. D.Bygivingthethingsintheoventohim.6.WhichwordbestdescribesAuntCharlotte?A.Fair. B.Busy. C.Tough. D.Charitable.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheSadnessofPoverty B.ALessoninSilentKindnessC.TheLastingChildhoodFriendship D.AChancetoCookPerfectMeals【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者8歲時在田納西州姑媽家結(jié)識杰克，發(fā)現(xiàn)其家境困難后，姑媽以無聲善舉提供幫助，作者從中領(lǐng)悟善意真諦的故事?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IwasstruckbywhatIsaw:Theshelveswerebare,andthefridgewasempty.Jackexplainedthatitwasjusttheendofthemonth.Hismomwouldgetpaidinafewdays,andthentheshelveswouldbefullagain.(我被眼前的景象驚呆了：架子上空空如也，冰箱也空空的。杰克解釋說現(xiàn)在剛到月底，他媽媽幾天后發(fā)工資，到時候架子就會被填滿了)”可知，杰克家食物空缺是因為月底家庭暫無收入，缺乏購買食物的錢，等媽媽發(fā)工資后才能補充食物。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thatevening,IsubconsciouslymentionedthemattertoAuntCharlotte.Withoutaword,shetookafreshlybakedpiefromtheovenanddisappearedoutofthebackdoor.Ilaterlearnedthathavingexperiencedaperiodofhunger,sheexactlyunderstoodwhatitwasliketobewithoutfood.ThenshegavetheextrapietoJack’smom.Fortherestofourvisit,AuntCharlottepreparedaheartylunchforbothofuseveryday.Shealsomadesurethatshewouldsendoversomefreshvegetablesandfruitsfromtheirgarden,ensuringthatJack’sfamilyhadnutritiousmeals.(那天晚上，我下意識地把這件事告訴了夏洛特姑媽。她二話不說，從烤箱里拿出一個剛烤好的餡餅，從后門出去了。后來我才知道，她自己也經(jīng)歷過一段饑餓的日子，所以完全明白沒有食物是什么滋味。然后她把多余的餡餅送給了杰克的媽媽。在我們剩下的拜訪時間里，夏洛特姑媽每天都為我們倆準(zhǔn)備豐盛的午餐。她還確保會從自家菜園里送些新鮮的蔬菜和水果過去，保證杰克一家能吃到有營養(yǎng)的飯菜)”可知，作者通過向姑媽提及杰克家的情況，促使姑媽采取一系列幫助行動，這是作者對杰克的關(guān)鍵幫助。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withoutaword,shetookafreshlybakedpiefromtheovenanddisappearedoutofthebackdoor.Ilaterlearnedthathavingexperiencedaperiodofhunger,sheexactlyunderstoodwhatitwasliketobewithoutfood.ThenshegavetheextrapietoJack’smom.Fortherestofourvisit,AuntCharlottepreparedaheartylunchforbothofuseveryday.Shealsomadesurethatshewouldsendoversomefreshvegetablesandfruitsfromtheirgarden,ensuringthatJack’sfamilyhadnutritiousmeals.(她二話不說，從烤箱里拿出一個剛烤好的餡餅，從后門出去了。后來我才知道，她自己也經(jīng)歷過一段饑餓的日子，所以完全明白沒有食物是什么滋味。然后她把多余的餡餅送給了杰克的媽媽。在我們剩下的拜訪時間里，夏洛特姑媽每天都為我們倆準(zhǔn)備豐盛的午餐。她還確保會從自家菜園里送些新鮮的蔬菜和水果過去，保證杰克一家能吃到有營養(yǎng)的飯菜)”以及第四段中的“AuntCharlottewasashiningexampleofgenerosity.Sheshowedmehowtolivewithempathy,howtogivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn,howtosharewhatwehave,and,mostimportantly,howtolove.(夏洛特姑媽是慷慨大方的杰出典范。她向我展示了如何懷著同理心生活，如何不求回報地給予，如何分享我們所擁有的，最重要的是，如何去愛)”可知，姑媽始終無私幫助杰克一家，所以，樂善好施最貼合她的特質(zhì)。故選D項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第四段中的“Atthattime,Ididn’trealizetheprofoundlessonshewasteachingme.AuntCharlottewasashiningexampleofgenerosity.Sheshowedmehowtolivewithempathy,howtogivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn,howtosharewhatwehave,and,mostimportantly,howtolove.Herquiet,selflessactsleftalastingimpressiononme,teachingmethattruecompassionoftenliesinthesmall,everydaygesturesthatcanmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’slife.Shedidn’tjustgivefood.Shegavehopeanddignity,showingthatevenintoughtimes,ahelpinghandcanlightentheburden.(那時，我還沒有意識到她正在給我上一堂深刻的課。夏洛特姑媽是慷慨大方的杰出典范。她向我展示了如何懷著同理心生活，如何不求回報地給予，如何分享我們所擁有的，最重要的是，如何去愛。她無聲而無私的舉動給我留下了深刻的印象，讓我明白真正的同情心往往體現(xiàn)在那些日常的小舉動中，而這些舉動卻能給別人的生活帶來巨大的改變。她給予的不只是食物，還有希望和尊嚴，這讓我明白，即使在困難時期，伸出援手也能減輕他人的負擔(dān))”可知，文章核心是作者從姑媽無聲的善舉中領(lǐng)悟到的人生道理，“ALessoninSilentKindness(一堂無聲善意的課)”能精準(zhǔn)概括全文主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。CUsingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),astronomershavediscoveredafaintsourceofinfraredlightinadust-richdisksurroundingayoungstarnamedTWA7,locatedabout111light-yearsfromtheEarth.Thissourceisbelievedtobeanexoplanet,andifconfirmed,itwouldrepresentthetelescope’sfirstdirectidentificationofaplanetoutsideoursolarsystem.Traditionally,mostknownexoplanetshavebeenfoundbyusingindirectmethods,suchasobservingthefaintreductioninlightfromastarwhenaplanetpassesinfrontofit.However,inarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNature,researchershavereportedthefirstinstanceoftheJWSTcapturinganimageofanexoplanetdirectly.Imagingdistantplanetsissochallenging.Theyareoftenoutshonebytheirhoststars.Anne-MarieLagrange,theleadauthorofthestudy,explainsthatthebrightnessofthestarmakesitdifficulttoseethefaintplanet.Toovercomethischallenge,theteamusedtheJWST’scoronagraph(日冕儀),aninstrumentdesignedtoblockouttheintenselightfromstars,allowingfainterobjectstobedetectedmoreeasily.Afterprocessingtheimagestoreducetheremainingbrightlight,theJWSTrevealedafaintinfraredsourcenearTWA7.Whilethereisasmallchancethatthissourcecouldbeabackgroundgalaxy,theresearchersbelievethattheevidencestronglysupportstheexistenceofanewexoplanet,namedTWA7b,whichisestimatedtohaveamasssimilartothatofSaturn.Thisdiscoveryissignificantbecauseitcouldbethefirsttimeaplanetisdirectlylinkedtotheformationofadust-richdiskaroundastar.Theresearchersalsorancomputersimulationsthatmatchedthetelescope’simages,furtherconfirmingtheirfindings.Co-authorMathildeMalinsaysthatthisdiscoveryofcourseenhancesourunderstandingofplanetarysystems,includingourown,andopensnewavenuesforexploringthediversityofexoplanetsandtheirformationprocesses.8.WhatisthediscoverybyusingtheJWST?A.Anemptydiskintheuniverse. B.Anextra111-year-oldstarinspace.C.Apotentialplanetbeyondoursolarsystem. D.Anewrayofblindinglybrightlightfromagalaxy.9.Whyisitdifficulttoimagedistantexoplanets?A.Theirhoststarsaretoobright. B.Theyarefarfromtheirhoststars.C.Theyneverpassinfrontoftheirstars. D.Telescopescannotdetecttheirhoststars.10.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheformationofTWA7. B.Thestructureofcoronagraph.C.TheimagescreatedbytheJWST. D.ThemethodsfordetectingTWA7b.11.WhatdoesMathildeMalinthinkofthediscovery?A.Promising. B.Unimaginable. C.Worthless. D.Challenging.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹天文學(xué)家利用詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡（JWST）發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽系外潛在行星TWA7b的過程、方法及該發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。【8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“UsingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),astronomershavediscoveredafaintsourceofinfraredlightinadust-richdisksurroundingayoungstarnamedTWA7,locatedabout111light-yearsfromtheEarth.Thissourceisbelievedtobeanexoplanet,andifconfirmed,itwouldrepresentthetelescope’sfirstdirectidentificationofaplanetoutsideoursolarsystem.(利用詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡（JWST），天文學(xué)家在一顆名為TWA7的年輕恒星周圍富含塵埃的星盤中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個微弱的紅外光源。這顆恒星距離地球約111光年。這個光源被認為是一顆系外行星，如果得到證實，它將是該望遠鏡首次直接識別出太陽系外的行星。)”可知，JWST的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個太陽系外的潛在行星。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Imagingdistantplanetsissochallenging.Theyareoftenoutshonebytheirhoststars.Anne-MarieLagrange,theleadauthorofthestudy,explainsthatthebrightnessofthestarmakesitdifficulttoseethefaintplanet.(拍攝遙遠行星的圖像極具挑戰(zhàn)性。它們的光芒常常被其宿主恒星所掩蓋。該研究的主要作者安妮-瑪麗·拉格朗日解釋說，恒星的亮度使得人們難以看到這顆暗淡的行星。)”可知，拍攝遙遠系外行星困難是因為其宿主恒星過于明亮，掩蓋了行星的光芒。故選A項?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Toovercomethischallenge,theteamusedtheJWST’scoronagraph(日冕儀),aninstrumentdesignedtoblockouttheintenselightfromstars,allowingfainterobjectstobedetectedmoreeasily.Afterprocessingtheimagestoreducetheremainingbrightlight,theJWSTrevealedafaintinfraredsourcenearTWA7.Whilethereisasmallchancethatthissourcecouldbeabackgroundgalaxy,theresearchersbelievethattheevidencestronglysupportstheexistenceofanewexoplanet,namedTWA7b,whichisestimatedtohaveamasssimilartothatofSaturn.(為了克服這一挑戰(zhàn)，研究團隊使用了JWST的日冕儀——這是一種旨在阻擋恒星強烈光線的儀器，能讓較暗的天體更容易被探測到。在對圖像進行處理以減少剩余的強光后，JWST在TWA7附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個微弱的紅外光源。雖然這個光源有可能是一個背景星系，但研究人員認為，現(xiàn)有證據(jù)強有力地支持存在一顆名為TWA7b的新系外行星，其質(zhì)量估計與土星相似。)”可知，該段主要介紹了研究團隊利用日冕儀、處理圖像等方法探測到TWA7b的過程，核心是“探測TWA7b的方法”。故選D項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Co-authorMathildeMalinsaysthatthisdiscoveryofcourseenhancesourunderstandingofplanetarysystems,includingourown,andopensnewavenuesforexploringthediversityofexoplanetsandtheirformationprocesses.(合著者瑪?shù)贍柕隆ゑR林表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)然增進了我們對行星系統(tǒng)（包括我們太陽系）的理解，并為探索系外行星的多樣性及其形成過程開辟了新途徑。)”可知，瑪?shù)贍柕隆ゑR林認為該發(fā)現(xiàn)能增進認知、開辟新探索途徑，可見她認為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)具有很好的前景。故選A項。DWildbirdsexchangemaybemorecommonthanornithologists(鳥類學(xué)者)oncethought.Anewstudyofaround500birdsfromfivespeciesfoundthatupto6%hadthephysicalfeaturesofonesexbutthegeneticmakeupoftheother.Thesebirdscamefromvarioushabitats,makingthefindingmorenotableasitwasn’tlimitedtoasingleenvironment.Thereisonestrikingexample:Ageneticallymalebirdcalledkookaburrashowedsignsofhavingrecentlylaidanegg,asscientistsconcludedfromitsbody.DominiquePotvin,anAustralianornithologistandco-authorofthestudy,explained,“Thisshowssexdeterminationinwildbirdsismoreflexiblethanweoncethought—andcanlastintoadulthood.”Unlikethecaseinfish,wheresexchangeiswell-documented,it’srarelyseeninwildbirds.Thestudyanalyzeddeadbirdsoffivespeciesthathadpreviouslybeentreatedforinjuryorillnessesatwildlifehospitals,examiningtheirreproductiveorgansandtestingtheirDNA.Mostsex-changedbirdsweregeneticallyfemalebuthadmalereproductiveorgans.Therewerealsomixedcases:Themalekookaburrahadclearsignsconfirmingrecenteggproduction,whichsurprisedtheresearchteam.Sex-changedbirdscanaffectbirdpopulations.Asstudyco-authorClancyHallnoted,theymayreducereproductionorevenharmthreatenedspecies.Theyalsochallengetraditionalwaysofidentifyingbirdsex—methodslikeDNAtestsorbehaviorcouldbewrongupto6%ofthetime,whichmattersformanyresearchfields,includingconservationefforts.Thecauseofbirdsexchangeisunclear,butenvironmentalfactorsarelikelyinvolved.Theegg-layingkookaburra,forexample,wasfoundinanareawherecertainchemicalsmayaccumulate,indicatingapossiblelink.Overtime,thesesubstancesmightcollectintheenvironment,offeringaclueabouttheirpotentialimpact.Thoughthecauseremainsunknown,thestudyprovidesabaselineforunderstandingsexchangeinAustralianbirds.Betterdataonitsroleinpopulationscouldaidconservation,especiallyforat-riskspecies.“Understandinghowandwhyitoccursisvitalforconservationandimprovingbirdresearchaccuracy,”Potvinsaid.12.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph1?A.Byprovidingdata. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bydrawingcomparisons.13.WhatdoesPotvin’sexplanationinparagraph2suggest?A.Birdsexchangesareasunusualasfish.B.Birdsexdeterminationoftenendsinyouth.C.Adultbirds’sexiscompletelyfixedbygenes.D.Previousstudieshaveoverlookedbirdsexflexibility.14.Whatwillsexchangeinbirdscontributeto?A.Identifyingbirds’illnesses. B.Loweringbirdreproductionrates.C.Reducingspeciesthreateningbirds. D.Aidingconservationofthreatenedbirdspecies.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accumulate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Lightup. B.Buildup. C.Burnout. D.Runout.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹野生鳥類性別轉(zhuǎn)變比此前認為更常見，闡述相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)、對鳥類種群的影響及可能成因，強調(diào)其研究意義?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewstudyofaround500birdsfromfivespeciesfoundthatupto6%hadthephysicalfeaturesofonesexbutthegeneticmakeupoftheother.(一項針對5個物種的約500只鳥類的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，高達6%的鳥類具有一種性別的身體特征，卻擁有另一種性別的基因構(gòu)成。)”可知，作者通過引用“約500只鳥類”、“5個物種”、“高達6%”等具體數(shù)據(jù)展開第一段，說明野生鳥類性別轉(zhuǎn)變的普遍性。故選A項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“DominiquePotvin,anAustralianornithologistandco-authorofthestudy,explained,“Thisshowssexdeterminationinwildbirdsismoreflexiblethanweoncethought—andcanlastintoadulthood.”(該研究的合著者、澳大利亞鳥類學(xué)家多米尼克·波特文解釋說：“這表明野生鳥類的性別決定比我們曾經(jīng)認為的更靈活——而且這種靈活性可以持續(xù)到成年?！?”可知，波特文的解釋表明，此前研究對野生鳥類性別決定的認知較為局限，忽略了其性別具有靈活性這一特點。故選D項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Sex-changedbirdscanaffectbirdpopulations.Asstudyco-authorClancyHallnoted,theymayreducereproductionorevenharmthreatenedspecies.(發(fā)生性別轉(zhuǎn)變的鳥類會影響鳥類種群。正如該研究的合著者克蘭西·霍爾所指出的，它們可能會減少繁殖，甚至對瀕危物種造成危害。)”可知，鳥類性別轉(zhuǎn)變可能會降低鳥類的繁殖率，對瀕危物種造成危害。故選B項?！?5題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thecauseofbirdsexchangeisunclear,butenvironmentalfactorsarelikelyinvolved.Theegg-layingkookaburra,forexample,wasfoundinanareawherecertainchemicalsmayaccumulate,indicatingapossiblelink.Overtime,thesesubstancesmightcollectintheenvironment,offeringaclueabouttheirpotentialimpact.(鳥類性別轉(zhuǎn)變的原因尚不清楚，但環(huán)境因素可能與此有關(guān)。例如，這只產(chǎn)卵的笑翠鳥是在一個可能存在某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)accumulate的地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這表明兩者之間可能存在聯(lián)系。隨著時間的推移，這些物質(zhì)可能會在環(huán)境中聚集，為了解它們的潛在影響提供線索。)”可知，后文“collect(聚集)”是對“accumulate”的同義解釋，因此“accumulate”意為“積累、聚集”，與“Buildup”含義一致。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoChooseaReadingBookattheRightLevelIfyoulovereading,youmaywanttobeginreadingnovelsinEnglish.Butifyou’realanguagelearner,howdoyoufindsomethingthatistherightlevel?BeginnersmayfindthatverysimpleEnglishbooksaretoochildish.____16____,youmaygiveupbeforeyoufinish.Herearesometipsthatcouldhelpyoufindtherightbook!●Interest.____17____.You’llbemorelikelytoenjoyit,anditmayhelpyouovercomevocabularychallengestoo.Forexample,ifyou’reasportsfanandyou’rereadingaboutsports,theremaybemanysportswordsthatarecommonbetweenyourfirstlanguageandEnglish.●____18____.AccordingtoaBritisheducationalexpert,youcanchooseanovelyou’vealreadyreadinyourfirstlanguage.ReaditagaininEnglish,andthenthestorywillbefamiliarandeasytofollow.Anotherideaistoreadthebookofafilmthatyou’veseen.____19____,butyou’llknowthecontextandthecharactersfromthefilm.●Five-fingertest.Ifyou’vefoundabookbutyou’renotsureifit’stherightlevel,expertssuggestdoingsomethingcalledthe“five-fingertest”.Beginreadingthebook.Everytimeyougettoawordyoudon’tunderstand,raiseafinger.Ifyouraisefourorfivefingersononepage,perhapsthebookistoodifficult.Butifyouonlyraiseonefinger,ordon’traiseanyatall,maybethebookistooeasy!____20____.A.AstoryyouknowB.Afilmyou’veneverseenC.ButifastoryistoodifficultD.OftentherearemoredetailsinthebookE.TestthereactionspeedofyourfingersconstantlyF.ThefirstthingistofindsomethingyoupreferreadingG.Thetestisusedtohelplanguagelearnersselectbooksforreading【答案】16.C17.F18.A19.D20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹語言學(xué)習(xí)者選擇適合自身水平英文讀物的方法，包括關(guān)注興趣、選擇熟悉故事、使用五指測試，助力找到合適書籍。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“BeginnersmayfindthatverysimpleEnglishbooksaretoochildish.(初學(xué)者可能會覺得非常簡單的英文書太幼稚。)”以及下文“youmaygiveupbeforeyoufinish.(你可能沒讀完就放棄了。)”可知，此空需補充“書太難”的情況，與上文“書太簡單”形成對比，共同說明選書不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}。C選項“Butifastoryistoodifficult.(但如果故事太難。)”中的“but”體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，既與上文“太幼稚”形成對比，又引出下文“放棄”的結(jié)果，符合語境。故選C項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“●Interest.(●興趣。)”以及下文“You’llbemorelikelytoenjoyit,anditmayhelpyouovercomevocabularychallengestoo.(你會更有可能享受閱讀，這也可能幫助你克服詞匯障礙。)”可知，此空需圍繞“興趣”展開，說明選書時關(guān)注興趣的具體做法。F選項“Thefirstthingistofindsomethingyoupreferreading.(首先要找到你喜歡讀的東西。)”直接呼應(yīng)“興趣”主題，“喜歡讀的東西”是對“興趣”的具體體現(xiàn)，且引出下文“享受閱讀、克服詞匯障礙”的好處，符合語境。故選F項。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文“AccordingtoaBritisheducationalexpert,youcanchooseanovelyou’vealreadyreadinyourfirstlanguage.ReaditagaininEnglish,andthenthestorywillbefamiliarandeasytofollow.Anotherideaistoreadthebookofafilmthatyou’veseen.(據(jù)一位英國教育專家稱，你可以選擇一本你已經(jīng)用母語讀過的小說。再用英文讀一遍，這樣故事就會很熟悉，也容易理解。另一個方法是讀你看過的電影的原著書。)”可知，本段圍繞“選擇熟悉的故事”展開，此空應(yīng)作為小標(biāo)題概括主題。A選項“Astoryyouknow.(一個你熟悉的故事。)”直接點明主題，與下文“用母語讀過的小說、看過的電影原著”的內(nèi)容高度契合，符合語境。故選A項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Anotherideaistoreadthebookofafilmthatyou’veseen.(另一個方法是讀你看過的電影的原著書。)”以及下文“butyou’llknowthecontextandthecharactersfromthefilm.(但你會從電影中了解故事背景和人物。)”可知，此空需補充“電影原著書”與“電影”的區(qū)別，形成轉(zhuǎn)折。D選項“Oftentherearemoredetailsinthebook.(通常書中會有更多細節(jié)。)”既說明書與電影的差異（書有更多細節(jié)），又通過“but”轉(zhuǎn)折，突出“熟悉背景和人物”的優(yōu)勢，符合語境。故選D項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“●Five-fingertest.Ifyou’vefoundabookbutyou’renotsureifit’stherightlevel,expertssuggestdoingsomethingcalledthe“five-fingertest”.Beginreadingthebook.Everytimeyougettoawordyoudon’tunderstand,raiseafinger.Ifyouraisefourorfivefingersononepage,perhapsthebookistoodifficult.Butifyouonlyraiseonefinger,ordon’traiseanyatall,maybethebookistooeasy!(●五指測試。如果你找到一本書，但不確定它是否適合你的水平，專家建議做一個叫做“五指測試”的方法。開始讀這本書。每次遇到不認識的單詞，就舉起一根手指。如果一頁上你舉起了四根或五根手指，那這本書可能太難了。但如果你只舉起一根手指，或者一根都沒舉，那這本書可能太簡單了！)”可知，此空需總結(jié)“五指測試”的作用。G選項“Thetestisusedtohelplanguagelearnersselectbooksforreading.(這個測試是用來幫助語言學(xué)習(xí)者選擇閱讀書籍的。)”中的“Thetest”指代“五指測試”，直接點明該測試的用途，符合語境。故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwasamemberofananimalprotectionassociation.Oneday,whenIwasaboutto____21____atnoon,Ireceivedanemergencymessage.Itsaidthatsomelittledogswerestuckinanearbydrain(排水道).Withoutany____22____,Itookactionimmediately.I____23____outofbed,hurriedtomyvehicle,andthen____24____tothescene.AsIapproachedthedrain,Icouldhearthe____25____barksofthedogs.Iwas____26____atthethoughtofthelittleonestrappedandscaredthere.Uponarrival,Iquickly____27____thecoverofthedrainandclimbeddown.Iwasn’twell____28____,onlywithaflashlight.Actually,Ididn’t____29____togointothedrainfirst,buttherewasnoonearoundtocounton.After_____30_____myselfroughlysevenfeetdownthedrain,Isawtwosetsofeyeslookingatme.Igotclosetothemwithgreat_____31_____,speakingsoftlytogaintheir_____32_____.“It’sokay.Asarescuer,I’mjustheretohelpyou,”Iwhispered.Thedogs,seemingtosensemykindness,graduallyapproached.Withthefirstdoginmyarms,Islowlyclimbed_____33_____.Istruggledtoturnaroundtolookback,knowingtheotherdogneededmy_____34_____.ThenIclimbedbackdown,feelingabitmore_____35_____aftermyfirstsuccessfulrescue.WhenIrescuedtheseconddog,IfeltmoresurethatIhadmadeadifferenceintheirlives.21.A.setoff B.dropoff C.cutin D.comein22.A.regret B.permission C.doubt D.hesitation23.A.looked B.appeared C.sprang D.fell24.A.drove B.ran C.walked D.cycled25.A.harmonious B.cheerful C.desperate D.playful26.A.onedge B.onpurpose C.atrest D.atease27.A.presented B.changed C.painted D.removed28.A.informed B.equipped C.behaved D.involved29.A.reject B.pretend C.expect D.promise30.A.lowering B.entertaining C.imagining D.burying31.A.contradiction B.care C.apology D.ambition32.A.respect B.defense C.motivation D.trust33.A.comfortably B.absently C.upward D.backward34.A.hand B.clarity C.cooperation D.understanding35.A.fortunate B.confident C.depressed D.stressed【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者作為動物保護協(xié)會成員，中午接到緊急消息后救助排水道中小狗的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一天中午，正當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備入睡時，我收到了一條緊急消息。A.setoff出發(fā)；B.dropoff入睡；C.cutin插嘴，插隊；D.comein進來。根據(jù)后文“I________outofbed”可知，作者當(dāng)時在床上，準(zhǔn)備入睡，收到消息后才從床上起來。故選B項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我毫不猶豫，立即采取行動。A.regret后悔；B.permission允許；C.doubt懷疑；D.hesitation猶豫。根據(jù)后文“tookactionimmediately”可知，作者接到消息后沒有猶豫，馬上行動。故選D項。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從床上一躍而起，匆忙走向我的車，然后開車前往現(xiàn)場。A.looked看；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.sprang躍，跳；D.fell落下。根據(jù)前文“receivedanemergencymessage”和后文“hurriedtomyvehicle”可知，情況緊急，作者應(yīng)是迅速從床上跳起。故選C項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從床上一躍而起，匆忙走向我的車，然后開車前往現(xiàn)場。A.drove駕駛；B.ran跑；C.walked走；D.cycled騎自行車。根據(jù)前文“hurriedtomyvehicle”可知，作者走向了交通工具“車”，所以是開車去現(xiàn)場。故選A項?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我靠近排水道時，我能聽到小狗們絕望的叫聲。A.harmonious和諧的；B.cheerful愉快的；C.desperate絕望的；D.playful愛玩耍的。根據(jù)前文“Itsaidthatsomelittledogswerestuckinanearbydrain(排水道).”可知，小狗被困在排水道里，叫聲應(yīng)是絕望的。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：想到那些小家伙被困在那里，還很害怕，我就緊張不安。A.onedge緊張不安；B.onpurpose故意；C.atrest休息；D.atease舒適。根據(jù)后文“thelittleonestrappedandscaredthere”可知，作者想到被困且害怕的小狗，內(nèi)心會緊張。故選A項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到達后，我迅速移開排水道的蓋子，爬了下去。A.presented呈現(xiàn)；B.changed改變；C.painted繪畫；D.removed移開。根據(jù)后文“andclimbeddown”可知，要爬進排水道，需要先移開蓋子。故選D項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的裝備不太齊全，只帶了一個手電筒。A.informed通知，知會；B.equipped配備，裝備；C.behaved表現(xiàn)；D.involved參與。根據(jù)后文“onlywithaflashlight”可知，作者只帶了手電筒，裝備不齊全。故選B項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：實際上，我本來沒預(yù)料到要先鉆進排水道，但周圍沒有人可以依靠。A.reject拒絕；B.pretend假裝；C.expect預(yù)料；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)后文“buttherewasnoonearoundtocounton”可知，作者原本沒預(yù)料到要自己先下去。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我自己慢慢下到大約七英尺深的排水道后，我看到了兩雙眼睛正看著我。A.lowering（使）下降；B.entertaining使快樂；C.imagining想象；D.burying埋葬。根據(jù)后文“sevenfeetdownthedrain”可知，作者是向下進入排水道。故選A項?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我非常小心地靠近它們，輕聲說話以獲得它們的信任。A.contradiction矛盾；B.care小心；C.apology道歉；D.ambition野心。根據(jù)前文“thelittleonestrappedandscaredthere”可知，小狗被困且害怕，作者需要小心靠近。故選B項。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我非常小心地靠近它們，輕聲說話以獲得它們的信任。A.respect尊重；B.defens