托福閱讀題型真題及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryreasonforthedeclineinthepopulationofpolarbears?A.HabitatlossduetomeltingiceB.IncreasedcompetitionwithhumansC.DiseaseoutbreaksD.Reductioninpreyavailability答案：A2.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheimpactofclimatechangeonpolarbears?A.Ithasnosignificanteffectontheirpopulation.B.Itleadstoadecreaseintheirhuntingefficiency.C.Itforcesthemtomigratetowarmerregions.D.Itincreasestheirreproductiverates.答案：B3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisamajorthreattocoralreefs?A.OverfishingB.PollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentC.NaturalclimatevariationsD.Increasedsalinityinthewater答案：B4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribethecurrentstateofcoralreefs.B.Toarguefortheprotectionofcoralreefs.C.Toexplainthecausesofcoralbleaching.D.Tohighlighttheeconomicimportanceofcoralreefs.答案：C5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantfactorinthedeclineofseaturtlepopulations?A.ChangesinoceancurrentsB.IncreasedpredationbymarinemammalsC.HumaninterferencewithnestingsitesD.Naturaldisasters答案：C6.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofseaturtlepopulationsifcurrenttrendscontinue?A.Theywillcontinuetothriveduetoconservationefforts.B.Theywillfacefurtherdeclineduetohumanactivities.C.Theywilladaptandfindnewhabitats.D.Theywillbesavedbynaturalselection.答案：B7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycharacteristicofahealthyecosystem?A.HighbiodiversityB.HighpopulationdensityC.HighlevelsofpollutionD.Highlevelsofhumanintervention答案：A8.Whatisthemainargumentofthepassage?A.Ecosystemsareself-sustaininganddonotrequirehumanintervention.B.Humanactivitiesaretheprimarycauseofecosystemdegradation.C.Ecosystemsarenaturallyresilientandcanrecoverfromdisturbances.D.Ecosystemsarestaticanddonotchangeovertime.答案：B9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengeinconservingbiodiversity?A.LimitedfundingforconservationprojectsB.LackofpublicawarenessabouttheimportanceofbiodiversityC.NaturalenvironmentalchangesD.Invasivespecies答案：B10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofhumansinmaintaininghealthyecosystems?A.Humansshouldminimizetheirimpactonecosystems.B.Humansshouldactivelymanageecosystemstoensuretheirhealth.C.Humanshavenoroleinthehealthofecosystems.D.Humansshouldexploitecosystemsforeconomicgain.答案：A二、多項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whatarethemaincausesofhabitatlossforpolarbears?A.MeltingiceduetoclimatechangeB.DeforestationC.UrbandevelopmentD.Pollution答案：A,C2.Whatarethepotentialconsequencesofcoralbleaching?A.LossofhabitatformarinelifeB.ReducedtourismrevenueC.IncreasedfishpopulationsD.Improvedwaterclarity答案：A,B3.Whatarethemainthreatstoseaturtlepopulations?A.HumaninterferencewithnestingsitesB.PollutionC.OverfishingD.Changesinoceancurrents答案：A,B,C4.Whatarethekeycharacteristicsofahealthyecosystem?A.HighbiodiversityB.BalancedpopulationdynamicsC.HighlevelsofpollutionD.Presenceofinvasivespecies答案：A,B5.Whatarethemainchallengesinconservingbiodiversity?A.LimitedfundingforconservationprojectsB.LackofpublicawarenessC.NaturalenvironmentalchangesD.Invasivespecies答案：A,B,D6.Whatarethepotentialbenefitsofconservingcoralreefs?A.ProtectionofmarinebiodiversityB.SustainabletourismC.ImprovedwaterqualityD.Increasedfishpopulations答案：A,B,D7.Whatarethemaincausesofclimatechange?A.GreenhousegasemissionsB.DeforestationC.NaturalvariationsinsolarradiationD.Industrialactivities答案：A,B,D8.Whatarethemainimpactsofclimatechangeonpolarbears?A.HabitatlossduetomeltingiceB.ReducedhuntingefficiencyC.IncreasedreproductiveratesD.Forcedmigration答案：A,B,D9.Whatarethemainthreatstoseaturtlepopulations?A.HumaninterferencewithnestingsitesB.PollutionC.OverfishingD.Changesinoceancurrents答案：A,B,C10.Whatarethemainbenefitsofmaintaininghighbiodiversity?A.EnhancedecosystemresilienceB.ImprovedecosystemservicesC.IncreasedeconomicvalueD.Reducedecosystemstability答案：A,B,C三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Thedeclineinpolarbearpopulationsisprimarilyduetoincreasedcompetitionwithhumans.答案：錯誤2.Coralreefsarenotaffectedbyhumanactivities.答案：錯誤3.Seaturtlepopulationsarethrivingduetoconservationefforts.答案：錯誤4.Ahealthyecosystemischaracterizedbyhighbiodiversityandbalancedpopulationdynamics.答案：正確5.Humanactivitiesaretheprimarycauseofecosystemdegradation.答案：正確6.Biodiversityconservationisnotamajorchallengeduetosufficientfunding.答案：錯誤7.Coralbleachinghasnosignificantimpactonmarinelife.答案：錯誤8.Climatechangehasnoeffectonpolarbearpopulations.答案：錯誤9.Seaturtlepopulationsarenotthreatenedbyhumaninterferencewithnestingsites.答案：錯誤10.Maintaininghighbiodiversityreducesecosystemstability.答案：錯誤四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Whatarethemaincausesofhabitatlossforpolarbears,andhowdotheyimpacttheirpopulations?答案：Themaincausesofhabitatlossforpolarbearsaremeltingiceduetoclimatechangeandurbandevelopment.Meltingicereducestheirhuntinggrounds,leadingtoadecreaseinpreyavailability.Urbandevelopmentfurtherencroachesontheirnaturalhabitats,reducingthespaceavailableforthemtoliveandhunt.Thesefactorscollectivelycontributetothedeclineinpolarbearpopulations.2.Whatarethepotentialconsequencesofcoralbleaching,andwhatcanbedonetomitigatethem?答案：Thepotentialconsequencesofcoralbleachingincludethelossofhabitatformarinelife,reducedtourismrevenue,anddecreasedfishpopulations.Tomitigatetheseconsequences,effortsshouldfocusonreducingpollution,implementingsustainablefishingpractices,andprotectingcoralreefsfromphysicaldamage.Additionally,globaleffortstocombatclimatechangeareessentialtoreducethestressoncoralreefs.3.Whatarethemainthreatstoseaturtlepopulations,andhowcantheybeaddressed?答案：Themainthreatstoseaturtlepopulationsincludehumaninterferencewithnestingsites,pollution,andoverfishing.Toaddressthesethreats,conservationeffortsshouldfocusonprotectingnestingsites,reducingpollutionincoastalareas,andimplementingsustainablefishingpractices.Publicawarenesscampaignscanalsoplayacrucialroleinreducinghumanimpactonseaturtlepopulations.4.Whatarethekeycharacteristicsofahealthyecosystem,andwhyisbiodiversityimportantforecosystemhealth?答案：Thekeycharacteristicsofahealthyecosystemincludehighbiodiversityandbalancedpopulationdynamics.Biodiversityisimportantforecosystemhealthbecauseitenhancesecosystemresilience,improvesecosystemservices,andprovidesabufferagainstenvironmentalchanges.Adiverseecosystemisbetterabletowithstanddisturbancesandmaintainitsfunctions,ensuringlong-termstabilityandproductivity.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheroleofclimatechangeinthedeclineofpolarbearpopulationsandthepotentiallong-termimpactsontheirsurvival.答案：Climatechangeplaysasignificantroleinthedeclineofpolarbearpopulationsprimarilythroughthemeltingofseaice,whichistheirprimaryhuntingground.Astheicemelts,polarbearshavefeweropportunitiestohuntseals,theirmainprey,leadingtoreducedfoodavailabilityandnutritionalstress.Thelong-termimpactsofclimatechangeonpolarbearsincludefurtherhabitatloss,reducedreproductivesuccess,andpotentialpopulationcollapseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Conservationeffortsmustfocusonmitigatingclimatechangeandcreatingprotectedareastohelppolarbearsadapttochangingconditions.2.Discusstheeconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsofconservingcoralreefsandthechallengesfacedintheirconservation.答案：Conservingcoralreefsofferssignificanteconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Economically,coralreefssupportsustainabletourism,provideresourcesforfisheries,andprotectcoastalcommunitiesfromstormsurges.Environmentally,coralreefsarebiodiversityhotspots,supportingavastarrayofmarinelifeandplayingacrucialroleinmaintainingoceanhealth.However,conservationfaceschallengessuchaspollutionfromcoastaldevelopment,overfishing,andclimatechange-inducedbleaching.Effectiveconservationrequiresintegratedapproaches,includingreducingpollution,enforcingfishingregulations,andimplementingglobaleffortstocombatclimatechange.3.Discussthethreatstoseaturtlepopulationsandtheimportanceofprotectingnestingsitesfortheirconservation.答案：Seaturtlepopulationsfaceseveralthreats,includinghumaninterferencewithnestingsites,pollution,andoverfishing.Nestingsitesareparticularlyvulnerabletohumanactivitiessuchascoastaldevelopment,pollution,andpoaching.Protectingnestingsitesiscrucialfortheconservationofseaturtlesbecauseitdirectlysupportstheirreproductivesuccess.Conservationeffortsshouldfocusoncreatingprotectednestingareas,reducingpollutionincoastalenvironments,andraisingpublicawarenessabouttheimportanceofseaturtle