PAGE《紅樓夢(mèng)》中人物對(duì)話之翻譯方法初探摘要文學(xué)作品中的人物對(duì)白是作者塑造人物形象的基本素材和手段。文學(xué)翻譯是要用另一種語(yǔ)言工具傳達(dá)原作的意境和神韻。人物對(duì)白的翻譯是文學(xué)翻譯的一部分，而且有其自身的特點(diǎn)。譯者要根據(jù)不同人物的階級(jí)、職業(yè)、經(jīng)歷、生活習(xí)慣、思想感情和精神狀態(tài)等，將原作中富有個(gè)性特點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言，用恰當(dāng)?shù)哪康恼Z(yǔ)言去表現(xiàn)不同人物的性格特征。本論文第一章介紹了當(dāng)前中國(guó)文學(xué)翻譯的現(xiàn)狀，引出此次論文研究的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明了研究的意義及論文組織結(jié)構(gòu)。第二章對(duì)口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)做出定義，分析了其特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別。然后介紹《紅樓夢(mèng)》中人物對(duì)白的特點(diǎn)及翻譯的難度及對(duì)翻譯質(zhì)量的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其次說(shuō)明翻譯相關(guān)的理論和常見(jiàn)方法。第三章對(duì)作者選擇的語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明，介紹了楊憲益、戴乃迭夫婦翻譯的ADreamofRedMansions(以下簡(jiǎn)稱楊譯本)和大衛(wèi)·霍克斯翻譯的TheStoryoftheStone(以下簡(jiǎn)稱霍譯本)，以及實(shí)例選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第四章重點(diǎn)介紹了8種常見(jiàn)的翻譯方法:換序法；轉(zhuǎn)句法；轉(zhuǎn)性法；增詞法；減詞法；習(xí)語(yǔ)法；直譯法；異議法。針對(duì)每一個(gè)方法選取部分精彩的人物對(duì)話及其翻譯作為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合多個(gè)實(shí)例對(duì)兩個(gè)英譯本所采取的翻譯方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析人物對(duì)話風(fēng)格傳達(dá)對(duì)人物性格塑造的影響,評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)話譯文風(fēng)格是否與原文保持一致。第五章分析了楊、霍兩個(gè)譯本的差異以及產(chǎn)生這種差異的原因，并給出以后在應(yīng)用這些翻譯方法時(shí)的建議。第六章針對(duì)如何成為一個(gè)好的文學(xué)翻譯者，總結(jié)了人物對(duì)話翻翻譯工作中所需要遵循的原則和規(guī)律，希望對(duì)以后的翻譯有所幫助。關(guān)鍵詞:文學(xué)作品；人物語(yǔ)言；翻譯方法；口語(yǔ)；

AbstractThecharacterdialogueinliteraryworksisthebasicmeansforwriterstoshapetheircharacters.Literarytranslationistouseanotherlanguagetooltoconveytheartisticconceptionandcharmoftheoriginalwork.Thetranslationofdialogueplaysanimportantroleinthetranslatedliteraryworksandhasitsowncharacteristics.Accordingtotheclass,occupation,experience,livinghabits,thoughts,feelingsandspiritualstatesofdifferentcharacters,translatorsshoulduseappropriatetargetlanguagetoexpressthepersonalitycharacteristicsofdifferentcharacters.ThefirstchapterofthisthesisintroducesthecurrentsituationofChineseliteraturetranslation,introducestheobjectofthisthesis,andexplainsthesignificanceoftheresearchandthestructureofthethesis.Thesecondchapterdefinesspokenandwrittenlanguage,andanalyzesitscharacteristicsanddifferences.Thenitintroducesthecharacteristicsofdialogue,thedifficultyoftranslationandtheevaluationcriteriaoftranslationquality,andthenexplainsthetranslationrelatedtheoriesandcommonmethods.Thethirdchapterexplainsthecorpuschosenbytheauthor,introducesADreamofRedMansionstranslatedbyYangHsien-yiandGladysYangandtheStoryoftheStonetranslatedbyDavidHawkes,aswellasthecriteriaofcaseselection.Chapterfourfocusesoneightcommontranslationmethods:changingthepositionsofsomephrases;changingwordsorphrasesintosentences;changingthepartofspeech;addingwordswhennecessary;leavingoutunnecessarywords;useidioms;literaltranslation;freetranslation.Foreachmethod,wechoosesomewonderfuldialoguesandtheirtranslationastheresearchobject,andcomparethetranslationmethodsofthetwoEnglishversionswithseveralexamples,analyzetheinfluenceofthecommunicationofthedialoguestyleonthecharacterizationofthecharacters,andevaluatewhetherthetranslationstyleofthedialogueisconsistentwiththeoriginal.ChapterfiveanalyzesthedifferencesbetweenYangandHawkes'versionsandthereasonsforthedifferences,andgivessomesuggestionsforthefutureapplicationofthesetranslationmethods.Inchaptersix,aimingathowtobeagoodliterarytranslator,theauthorsummarizestheprinciplesandrulesthatneedtobefollowedintheprocessoftranslatingcharacters,hopingtobehelpfulforthefuturetranslation.Keywords:literaryworks;characterlanguage;translationmethods;spokenlanguage;

TableofContentsPages1.Introduction11.1BackgroundoftheResearch11.2ObjectiveoftheResearch21.3SignificanceoftheResearch21.4OrganizationofthePaper32.Rationale32.1DefinitionsofColloquialandWrittenLanguage32.2CharacteristicsofPersonnelDialogueInHLM32.3BasicTranslationTheory42.3.1Definitionsoftranslation42.3.2Criteriafortranslation52.4MethodsontheDialogueTranslation62.4.1ChangingthePositionsofSomePhrases72.4.2ChangingWordsorPhrasesintoSentences72.4.3ChangingthePartofSpeech72.4.4AddingWordsWhenNecessary72.4.5LeavingoutUnnecessaryWords72.4.6UsingIdioms82.4.7Literaltranslation82.4.8Freetranslation83.DataDescription83.1BriefIntroductionoftheSLT83.2BriefIntroductiontotheTLT93.3StandardofData-selection94.DataAnalysis94.1ChangingthePositionsofSomePhrases104.2ChangingWordsorPhrasesintoSentences104.3ChangingthePartofSpeech114.4AddingWordsWhenNecessary124.5LeavingoutUnnecessaryWords124.6UseIdioms134.7Literaltranslation144.8Freetranslation155.ResultsandSuggestions165.1Results165.2Suggestions176.Conclusion20Bibliography21Appendix21PAGEPAGE2ATentativeStudyontheMethodsofChinese-EnglishCharacterDialogueTranslation– ACaseStudyofHongLouMeng1.IntroductionThepaperfirststartswiththeIntroductionpart,whichconsistsoffoursections,researchbackground;researchobjective;researchsignificanceandpaperorganization.1.1BackgroundoftheResearchInrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomyandthepromotionofitsinternationalstatus,theintercommunioninculturebecomemorefrequentbetweenchinaandtheothercountries.IntroducingexcellentChinesetraditionalculturetotheworldisbecomingamissionforChineseliterarytranslators.However,intheprocessofintroducingChineseculture,thepresentsituationoftranslationofChinesemodernandclassicalliteratureisnotoptimistic.ToexaminetheacceptanceanddisseminationofChineseliteraryworksinthetarget-languagecountries,themostintuitivewayistoexaminethesalesofChineseliteraryworksinbookstoresandon-line.Peoplestudyingabroad,traveling,makingbusinesstoWesterncountriesforfewyears,whofindthetranslationworksofmodernandclassicalChineseliteraturearescarceinpublicbookstoresandonlinestores.Theamountofbookborrowingispitifullysmall.Therefore,theacceptanceofChineseliterarytranslationsintheEnglishworldisnotoptimistic.Themainreasonsforthissituationareasfollows:OneisthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesternhistoryandculture.Theso-calledhistoryandculturaldifferencesrefertothedifferencesinlanguage,knowledge,belief,religion,outlookonlife,values,andwaysofthinking,morality,customsandhabitsformedindifferenthistoricalprocesses,geographicalandnaturalenvironments.Thesurvivalanddevelopmentofanyliteraryworksareinseparablefromthesocialandculturalenvironmentonwhichtheydepend.ForBritishandAmericanpeople,oneofthemainobstaclestounderstandingChineseliteraryworksisthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesternhistoryandculture.ThedifferenceofhistoryandculturewillleadtothemisunderstandingandevenmisunderstandingofrichculturalconnotationsinmanyChineseliteraryworksbyWesternreaders.ThesecondisthelackofexcellentChinese-Englishtranslators.ThelackofqualifiedChinese-EnglishtranslatorsisthebottleneckrestrictingthesuccessfultranslationofChinesemodernandclassicalliterature.SomeexcellenttranslationsofChineseliteraryworksareofpoorqualityduetothelackoftranslators'competence.AccordingtoGilbertHighet,atranslator,[1]"Poorwritingisonlyamistake;itisasintotranslateagoodbookfromamediocreone."（Hung,?1991:39）?Asforthoseproblematictranslations,theimproperrendering,intheopinionoftheauthor,isthatmosttranslatorsarepronetostaywiththeoriginaltextdirectlyandafraidtoputitinadifferentwaysothatthetranslationishardforwesternerstoreadandcomprehend.Probingpropertranslationstrategiestoeasethisdilemmaasmuchaspossibleistheultimatepurposeofthispaper.ObjectiveoftheResearchTheobjectiveofthisstudyistohelpEnglishlearnersreviewcommontranslationtechniquesandstrategies,andtofurtherimprovethetranslator'stranslationlevel.AsanoutstandingrepresentativeofChineseclassicalliterature,HongLouMenghascreatedmanycharacters,eachofwhomhasitsownuniquepersonalitycharacteristics.Howtoconveytheuniquehistoricalandculturalinformationaccuratelybehindthelanguageisindeedadifficulttask.ThispaperchoosessomeclassicaldialoguesofHongLouMengcharacters,analysesthedifferencesofthetranslationmethodsandstrategiesadoptedinthetwoversions,andexploreshowthetranslatorcanconveythespiritandmeaningoftheoriginal.SignificanceoftheResearchThesignificanceofthisstudyisreviewingChinesetraditionalliteraryworkstoimprovelearners'literaryappreciationability,targetedlearningofChinese-Englishtranslationmethodstoimprovelearners'applicationability,comparingdifferenttranslationmethodsadoptedindialoguetranslationtoimprovelearners'flexibleandchangeablethinking.OrganizationofthePaperThepapercomprisessixparts.FollowingtheintroductionofPartOne,PartTwogivesabriefreviewofthedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguages,thecharacteristicsofthedialoguesinHLM,thetheoriesandcriteriaofC-Etranslation,andthenintroducesthecommontranslationstrategies.PartThreedescribesthedatatobeanalyzed,thesourceandtypesofdata,etc.PartFourmakesadetailanalysisofthetranslationsofexamples.Foreachcase,theauthorcomparesthetranslationwiththeoriginalandcommentsonthetranslationstrategiesusedseparately.PartFiveisadiscussionofthepropertranslationstrategiesandsuggestions.Thelastpartconcludesthepaper.2.RationaleDefinitionsofColloquialandWrittenLanguage[2]Asdefinedbythephilosophyoflanguage,colloquiallanguageisanordinaryornaturallanguagethatusescolloquialisms.Colloquialismsareinformalwords,phrases,orsayingsoftenspecifictoonegeographicalareaandtypicallyonlyusedininformalsettings.Generally,linguistsmakedistinctionsbetweencolloquiallanguageandslang,jargon,anddialect.Writtenlanguagereferstothewrittenlanguagethatrecordsevents,thoughtsandfeelings.Contrarytowrittenlanguage,spokenlanguagehasmanydifferences.Visitingandusingwrittenlanguagerequirestwokeylanguageskills:writingandreading.Withoutthesetwowords,especiallyreading,itisalmostimpossibletounderstandwhatiswritten,eventhoughmostwordsareunderstoodbyhearing.CharacteristicsofPersonnelDialogueInHLMTheauthorofHLMdepictsmanycharacters,ofwhichalmosteveryonehashisownuniquelanguage.Whetherthecharactersareimportantornot,theirlanguageiswonderfulandinteresting.Character'sspeechisanindicativewayofexpressingimportanceinfiction.Generallyspeaking,thatthewordsofunimportantpeoplearelessthanthatimportant.Thetemperament,personalityandsocialstatusofdifferentcharactersareexpressusingdifferentlanguages.Languageisveryimportantforshapingacompletecharacterimage.BasicTranslationTheoryDefinitionsoftranslationTranslation,beingagenerallyacknowledgedcomplexprocess,ishardtodescribecompletelyandthoroughlywithafewwords.Manyfamoustranslatorsandtranslationtheoristshavebeenstudyingthedefinitionoftranslationfromtheviewsoflinguistics,cultureandinterculturalcommunicationsinceancienttimes.Herearedefinitionsgivenbysomefamousscholars.[3]EugeneA.Nida,thefamousAmericanlinguistandtranslationtheorists,definestranslationas“reproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningand secondlyintermsofstyle”.(EugeneA.Nida1964:159-160)Translationisamentalactivityinwhichameaningofgivenlinguisticdiscourseisrenderedfromonelanguagetoanother.Itistheactoftransferringthelinguisticentitiesfromonelanguageintotheirequivalentsintoanotherlanguage.[4]Translationisanactthroughwhichthecontentofatextistransferredfromthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguage(Foster,1958).Thelanguagetobetranslatediscalledthesourcelanguage(SL),whereasthelanguagetobetranslatedintoorarrivedatiscalledthetargetlanguage(TL).Thetranslatorneedstohavegoodknowledgeofboththesourceandthetargetlanguage,inadditiontoahighlinguisticsensitivityasheshouldtransmitthewriter'sintention,originalthoughtsandopinionsinthetranslatedversionaspreciselyandfaithfullyaspossible.Duetoitsprominence,translationhasbeenvieweddifferently.[5]AccordingtoGhazala(1995),"translationisgenerallyusedtorefertoalltheprocessandmethodsusedtoconveythemeaningofthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguage"(P.1.Ghazala'sdefinitionfocusesonthenotionofmeaningasanessentialelementintranslation.Thatis,whentranslating,understandingthemeaningofsourcetextisvitaltohavetheappropriateequivalentinthetargettextthus,itismeaningthatistranslatedinrelationtogrammar,styleandsounds(Ghazala,1995).Translationisaprocessandaproduct.[6]AccordingtoCatford(1995),translationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL)",(p20).Thisdefinitionshowsthattranslationisaprocessinthesensethatisanactivity.Performedbypeoplethroughtime,whenexpressionsaretranslatedintosimpleronesinthesamelanguage(Rewordingandpara-phrasing).[7]Itcanbedonealsofromonelanguageintoanotherdifferentlanguage.Translationis,ontheotherhand,aproductsinceitprovidesuswithotherdifferentcultures,toancientsocietiesandcivilizationlifewhenthetranslatedtextsreachesus(YowellandMutfah,1999).Amongtheabove-mentioneddefinitions,weknowntranslationisacomplexprocesscharacterizedbyinterculturalcommunicationandinterpretation,inotherwords,thetranslationofthoseworksrichinculturalconnotationrequiresanunderstandingofthesubtleandrichculturalcontentfirstandthenafaithfulreproductionoftheseculturalelementswiththeadoptionofanappropriatetranslationtechnique.CriteriafortranslationWhatisagoodtranslation?Foraverylongtime,peoplehavearguedanddebatedheatedlyoverthisissueandhaveproposedvariouscriteriafortranslation.[8]In1790,AlexanderFraserTytler,thefamousBritishtranslationtheoristinhisbookEssay?on?the?Principles?of?Translation,whopointedoutthatthreelaws:"Thatthetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.Thatthestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.Thatthetranslationshouldhaveallthecaseoforiginalcomposition."Whentalkingabouttranslatingcharacters'personallanguage,HuangFanbao,aprofessorandtranslatorofChina,[9]whoputsforwardthree"coincidences":thatis,coincidencewithcharacters'identity,personalityandspecificenvironment.Whentranslatingcharacters'dialoguesinfiction,thetranslatornotonlyshouldsatisfywiththefaithfulnessattheliterarylevel,butalsobaseontherealityintranslation.Thesituationretainsthecharacteristicsofdialogueintheoriginaltext,adaptstothecontextandchoosesthetargetlanguagethatconformstoitsidentity,andtranslatesthedialoguesofcharacterssothatthereadersofthetranslatedtext,likethereadersoftheoriginaltext,canfeelthewonderfuldialogueintheoriginaltext.Therefore,thewriterthinksthatsomeprinciplessuchasveracity,figurativenessandreadabilityareindispensableinthetranslationofEnglishandChineseLiterary.MethodsontheDialogueTranslationThedialoguetranslationrequirestranslatorstoshowtheirconsciousculturalawareness,humanisticcharacter,culturalandaestheticcreativityintranslationactivitiesinordertoachievetranslationpurposes,whilerespectingtheoriginalworks.Itsultimategoalistoachievetheequivalenteffect,sothatthetargetlanguagereaderscangetthesameorsimilarunderstandingandfeelingsaspossible.Afterunderstandingthemeaningofthedialogue,weshouldtryourbesttoconveythepragmaticmeaningofthedialoguetothetargetlanguagereaders,ratherthantheliteralmeaning.Withregardtothedialoguetranslation,theresearcherhasanalyzedtheidentity,personalityandspecificsceneofthecharactersinthenovel,tryingtosummarizethegeneralprinciplesandmethodsofdialoguetranslation.However,thespecifictranslationpracticeisvariesgreatlyandweneedmoreexplorationandsummary.ThroughthepracticeofChinese-EnglishtranslationofdialogueinHLM,thispaperaimstodiscussthecommonmethodsusedbytranslatorsinthedialoguetranslationfromtheperspectivesofvocabulary,thesyntaxtranslationandthebackgroundanalysis.ChangingthePositionsofSomePhrasesDuetothedifferencesintheexpressionpatternsbetweenChineseandEnglish,thetranslationofthetwolanguagessometimesrequirescorrespondingtransformationordertocatertothecommonexpressionpatternsofanotherlanguage.PrepositionalstatementsoftenusedinEnglishwiththeresultfirstandthecausesecond,whereasinChinese,theyusuallyproceedgraduallywiththeresultfirst,andfinallysummarizeandpointoutthetheme.Changingthepositionsofsomephrasesinvolveschangingthepositionsofthesubject,predicate,attribute,adverbial,etc.ChangingWordsorPhrasesintoSentencesAwordoranoun,attributiveoradverbialphraseinEnglishcanbechangedintoasentencewhenitisbeingtranslatedintoChinese,especiallyifithasrichmeanings.WhetherinEnglishorChinese,therearesuchwords,phrasesorphrases,althoughshortandconcise,butrichinmeaning.Whenwetranslateitintothetargetlanguage,wewillfindthatifweputitinitsoriginalposition,thewholetranslatedsentencecannotbesmoothorweird.Thenweneedtobreakupthewords,phrasesorphrasesoftheoriginalsentenceaccordingtothelaw,andconvertthemintoasentencetoexpressitsinternalmeaningclearly.ChangingthePartofSpeechThepartofspeechofanEnglishwordneedstobechangedwhenitisbeingtranslatedintoChinese,otherwisetheChinesemaysoundawkwardorunnatural.Forexample:theoriginaltextoftheprepositionintoverbs,verbsintonounsandsoon.AddingWordsWhenNecessaryAccordingtothedifferentwaysofthinking,languagehabitsandformsinEnglishandChinese,somewords,phrasesorsentencesareaddedtothetranslationsoastoexpressthemeaningcontainedintheoriginaltextmoreaccurately.LeavingoutUnnecessaryWordsItmeansomittingtheuseless,superfluouswordsandeventhewordsthatwillbeastumblingblockinthetargetlanguageintranslationtomakeyourversionnotjustaccessibletoreaders,buteasilyunderstood;notonlyexpressive,butalsoimpressive.UsingIdiomsSometimesanEnglishidiomandaChineseidiommatchinbothformandcontent.Theysharenotonlymoreorlessthesamemeaning,butalsosimilarrhetoricalflavor.Insuchcases,usingreadyidiomsinthereceptorlanguagewillsaveusalotoftrouble.LiteraltranslationLiteraltranslationreferstothetranslationthatatranslatortriestokeeptheoriginalformandmeaning,includingmeaning,structure,style,figureofspeech,etc.FreetranslationFreetranslationisanalternativeapproachgenerallyusedtoconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtocopingitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech.3.DataDescriptionInthefollowingsection,anumberofdialoguesfromsourcelanguagetext(SLT)andtargetlanguagetext(TLT)havebeenchosenasexamples.TheSLTisChineseclassicalworksADreamofRedMansions(1982)writtenbyCaoXueqinandGaoE(曹雪芹、高鄂).TheTLTisTheStoryoftheStone(1977)translatedbyDavidHawkesandJohnMinford(abbreviatedasHawkesinthefollowingparts).TheotherversionisADreamofRedMansionstranslatedbyYangHsien-yiandGladysYang(楊憲益、戴乃迭abbreviatedasYanginthefollowingparts).Inaddition,theauthoralsoreferstootherreferences.Forexample,[13]ADictionaryofEnglishProverbs（《漢英成語(yǔ)詞典》）(1996)byWangDeFu（王德福）,LanguageArtofDreamofRedMansions（《紅樓夢(mèng)的語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)》）(1982)byZhouZhongMing（周中明）,etc.Meanwhile,someotherrelatedexamplesarealsoreferredtoandmarkedwithproperacknowledgement.BriefIntroductionoftheSLTTheauthorre-readtheeditionofHLMpublishedbyMr.FengQiyongin2005,andanalyzedhundredsofcharactersportrayedbyCao.Thedialoguebetweenthecharactersoccupiedalargespace.Allkindsofcharactersareharmoniouslycoordinatedwitheachother,sothateachrolemainlydependsonitsownlanguage,standsuponpaper,andcomestothefrontofthereader.BriefIntroductiontotheTLTHawkes'stranslationemphasizesthatthetranslationshouldconformtothelanguagenormsandculturalhabitsofthetargetlanguage.Therefore,domesticatedtranslationstrategiesandfreetranslationmethodsareadopted.ThepurposeoftranslationistosharetheenthusiasmofthebookwithWesternreadersandmeettheneedsofforeignreaders.Yang'stranslationfocusesonthefaithfulnessoftheoriginal,adoptsthestrategyofalienationandthemethodofliteraltranslation.ItsmainpurposeistointroduceChineseculturetoforeignreaderssothattheycanhaveadeeperunderstandingofChineseculture.StandardofData-selectionYangHsien-yiwasborninChinawhomethiswifeGladysYangwhenhestudiedinBritain.HawkesDavidandhisson-in-lawJohnMinfordwereborninBritainwhobothstudiedandlivedinChinaformanyyears.ThesetranslatorshaveaprofoundunderstandingofEasternandWesterncultures,allhaveastronginterestinandin-depthstudyofChinesetraditionalcultureandclassicalliterature.Bothversionsaremarkedbydistinctpersonalandnationalcultures,especiallytheuseofalargenumberofwords,idioms,proverbsandslangincharacterdialogues.Thispaperchoosessomedialoguesforanalysisandresearch.Thestandardofdialoguesistoreflectthespeaker'sdistinctpersonality.Meanwhile,thetranslatorusesordinarytranslationmethodstoexpresstheoriginalmeaningskillfullyandcompletely.4.DataAnalysisEnglishtranslationisacomprehensiveprocessoflanguageapplication,whichrequiresasolidknowledgeoftranslationtheoryandahighleveloflanguagefoundation.Italsorequireseffectivemasteryandapplicationofdiversifiedtranslationmethodsandtechniquesinpractice.ItalsorequiresadeeperunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguageandconsiderationofthecontextinordertomaketranslationmoreaccurate.Thefollowingelaborationfocusesonhowtheauthorappliescommontranslationmethodstodialoguetranslationproperly,thusreflectingthedistinctpersonalitycharacteristicsofthecharacters.ChangingthePositionsofSomePhrasesThisisacommontranslationmethodinthetranslationofHLM.Thefollowingexampledemonstratesthisskill.InExample1,王熙鳳因笑道:"天下真有這樣標(biāo)致人物，我今兒才算見(jiàn)了！…"Yang:Shecriedwithalaugh,“thisisthefirsttimeI’veseteyesonsucharavishingbeauty….”ThepurposeofsentenceistopraiseDaiyu'sbeautythroughXifeng'smouth.However,theauthordidnotspendmoreinkonthedegreeofbeauty,whojustprovidesadialogueandenablesthereadersthinkaboutitbyhimself.Xifengwasborninanofficialfamilyandwasgoodatcommunicating.Shesawtoomanysuchbeautifulwomen.Butshesaid"我今兒才算見(jiàn)了！".Moreover,accordingtothecharacteristicsofChinese,thisimportantsentenceisputinthebacktohighlightingXifeng'seloquentpersonality,inordertowinLadyDowager's(賈母)favor.InEnglish,thehabitistoputtheimportantwordsinfrontofthesentence.Yangadjusteditandput"thisisthefirsttime"infrontofthesentence,andexpressedtheoriginalideafaithfully.ChangingWordsorPhrasesintoSentencesGenerally,EnglishsentencesarelongerthanChinesesentences,andanEnglishsentencehasmorecapacitythanaChinesesentence.Therefore,itisnecessaryandpossibleforustotranslatetwoormoreChinesesentencesintooneEnglishsentencewhentranslatingfromChinesetoEnglish.InExample2,紫鵑笑道:"我說(shuō)的是好話，不過(guò)叫你心里留神，并沒(méi)叫你去為非作歹，何苦回老太太，叫我吃了虧，又有何好處？"Yang:‘Imeantwell,’wasthesmilinganswer.‘Ijustwantedyoutolookoutforyourself,nottodoanythingwrong.Whatgoodwillitdoifyoureportmetotheoldladyandgetmeintotrouble?’WiththatZijuanclosedhereyes.Zijuan,aservantofDaiyu,whoadvisedherMisstothinkabouthermarriageassoonaspossible.Daiyuhadnoideaherselfandblamedhertoonoisy.Zijuanfeltaggrievedandcomplained.Yangtranslatedthelastthreesentencesintoonesentence.ItnotonlyconformedtothereadinghabitsofWesterners,butalsorevealedthewisdomofZijuanthroughthisverylogicalsentence.SeeAppendix[InExample3~6]formoreexamplesChangingthePartofSpeechIntheprocessoftranslation,thepartofspeech,sentencepatternandvoiceoftheoriginalsentenceistransformedinordertomakethetranslationconformtotheexpressions,methodsandhabitsofthetargetlanguage.Suchflexiblemethodscanoftensavethetranslatorfrom"danger",andifasentencecannotbeturnedover,itwillcomebacktolifeonceithasbeentransformed.Thisshowsthatpartofspeechitselfisoftenanobstacle,sowecannotfocusonthepartofspeechoftheoriginaltextintranslation.InExample7,月間不過(guò)派一個(gè)人拿幾兩銀子去買柴米就完了。Yang:"Thenallweneeddoistosendsomeonewithafewtaelsofsilvereverymonthfortheirfirewoodandrice”"拿"and"買"areverbs,butonlyoneverbcanbeusedasapredicateinEnglish,sotheauthortranslatesthemintoprepositions"with"and"for".Beforetranslating,weshouldbefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofChineseandEnglish,andtakeintoaccountthestructureofthewholesentence,thewayofexpressionandtheinternalrelationshipbetweenthesentences.OnlyinthiswaycanweflexiblyandappropriatelyusethedifferentpartsofspeechinChineseandEnglish,makethetranslationmorefluent,andkeepthesamestylewiththeoriginaltext,orevenbetter.SeeAppendix[InExample8~9]formoreexamplesAddingWordsWhenNecessaryAmplificationmeanssupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Thiskindofskillisacommontranslationmethod.InExample10,鳳姐笑道:"好兄弟，你是個(gè)尊貴人，女孩兒一樣的人品，別學(xué)他們猴在馬上?！盰ang:“Dearcousin,youhaveyourdignityandareasdelicateasanygirl.Don’tcopythoseapesonhorseback.…”Hawkes:“Baodear,”saidXi-feng,“apersonofyourrefinementbelongsherewithus.Youdon’twanttogoclompingaroundthecountrysidelikeapesonhorsebackwiththosehorridmen!...”"猴"isananimal.Thephenomenonof"denominalverbs"vividlydescribeBaoyu'spostureofriding.Meanwhile,thereadersalsorealizeXiFeng'sforcefulandfriendlycharactersthroughthisword.Whentra