2025年大學《紐埃語》專業(yè)題庫——紐阿語翻譯與口譯技巧探究考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯與句法翻譯1.TranslatethefollowingNewZealandMāori(Nueadialect)vocabularyintoChinese:**Kai***Whānau***Aroha***Kōrero***Whenua*2.TranslatethefollowingNewZealandMāorisentencesintoEnglish:**Keitepēheakoe?***Heponotetangatatēnei.***Tēnākoutoukatoa,kapaitewa.***Engariheateririaotepōwhiri.***Hewhānautēnei,hearohatēnei.*3.TranslatethefollowingEnglishparagraphintoNewZealandMāori:Thecommunitycametogethertocelebratetheopeningofthenewcentre.Itwasajoyfulevent,filledwithmusicanddance.Manylocalelderssharedtheirwisdom,andtheyoungpeopleshowedtheirtalents.Everyonefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.二、篇章翻譯TranslatethefollowingshortpassagefromEnglishtoNewZealandMāori:Thegovernmentannouncednewpoliciesaimedatimprovingenvironmentalsustainability.Theseincludeinitiativestoreduceplasticwasteandpromoterenewableenergysources.Representativesfromlocaliwi(tribes)welcomedtheannouncement,emphasizingtheimportanceoflookingafterPapatūānuku(theEarthmother).Theycalledforcollaborativeeffortsbetweenthegovernmentandcommunitiestomakemeaningfulchange.三、口譯技巧應用（文字模擬）1.Youarerequiredtotakenotes(usingsymbolsandabbreviations)whilelisteningtothefollowingsimulatedoraltext(approximately1minuteduration,contentprovidedbelow).Then,basedonyournotes,provideaconciseEnglishsummaryofthemainpoints.SimulatedOralText:"Kiaora.Tēnākoutou.Today,Iwanttotalkabouttheimportanceofwaterconservation.Wateristaonga(treasure)tousMāori.Astheclimatechanges,ourwatersourcesarefacingchallenges.Weneedtoworktogethertosavewaterinourhomesandcommunities.Simpleactionsmatter.Let'salltakeresponsibility."2.Identifythreekeyculturalconceptsembeddedintheaboveoraltextandbrieflyexplainhowatranslatororinterpretermightneedtohandlethemappropriatelywhenconveyingthemessagetoanon-Māoriaudience.四、案例分析Readthefollowingtranslationscenarioandprovideyouranalysis:AtouristwrotethefollowingtranslationforaMāoriwelcomephraseseenatamarae(communityhall):"Welcome,wearehappytoseeyou."Thetouristintendedittobefriendly,butthetranslationlacksdepthanddoesnotcapturethefullculturalsignificanceoftheMāoriwelcome.*Analyzetheshortcomingsofthetourist'stranslation.*Suggestamoreculturallyappropriatetranslationandbrieflyexplainyourreasoning.*Discussanyadditionaladviceyouwouldgivetoanon-MāoripersontryingtounderstandorparticipateinaMāoriwelcomingceremony.試卷答案一、詞匯與句法翻譯1.*Kai*-食物，款待*解析思路：*Kai*是紐阿語中非常核心的詞匯，與生活基本需求“吃”緊密相關，常指食物本身或飲食活動。*Whānau*-家族，家庭，親屬*解析思路：*Whānau*指的是超越核心家庭的親屬群體，是Māori社會結(jié)構(gòu)的基本單位，強調(diào)血緣和情感聯(lián)系。*Aroha*-喜愛，關愛，仁慈，愛*解析思路：*Aroha*是一個多維度的情感概念，包含愛、關懷、同情、善意，是Māori文化核心價值觀之一。*Kōrero*-語言，說話，話語*解析思路：*Kōrero*指語言行為本身，也強調(diào)話語的力量和溝通的重要性。*Whenua*-土地，大地*解析思路：*Whenua*指物理土地，也深層連接著身份認同、根源和與自然的聯(lián)系，是“家園”的核心概念。2.*Keitepēheakoe?*-你在哪里？*解析思路：句式*Keite...koe?*用于詢問地點，“Pēhea”意為“哪里”。*Heponotetangatatēnei.*-這個人很好。*解析思路：*He*用于指稱事物，“Pono”意為“好的，正直的，美麗的”，“Tangata”意為“人”。*Tēnākoutoukatoa,kapaitewa.*-你們所有人，時間會變得更好。*解析思路：*Tēnākoutoukatoa*是標準的問候語“你們所有人”，*Kapaitewa*是常用的表達“情況會好轉(zhuǎn)”或“一切順利”的習語。*Engariheateririaotepōwhiri.*-招待的儀式/接待是多么美好。*解析思路：*Engarihea*意為“多么”，*Riria*意為“招待，款待”，*Pōwhiri*指正式的歡迎儀式。*Hewhānautēnei,hearohatēnei.*-這個家庭，這是愛。*解析思路：重復使用*He*指稱，強調(diào)主題，*Aroha*再次出現(xiàn)，鞏固其文化意義。3.Ngāwāhitapuwhānautēnei,hearohatēnei.Kapēheatetāpatamāiakatoakitepāwhakarewarewareotetīpuna?Kapaitewa.Kapēheatekōrerootepōwhiri?Hepēheatātou,hearohatātou.Kapaitewhakawhetaiotātoukatoakitēneiwa.*解析思路：譯文需準確傳達原文的社區(qū)活動、喜悅氛圍、長者分享、青年展示和歸屬感。采用合適的紐阿語詞匯（如*whānau*,*tāpatamāia*,*pōwhiri*,*whakawhetai*）和句式，保持語句流暢自然，符合紐阿語表達習慣。例如，“celebrate”譯為*pēhea*(表達方式，“如何處理”)或*whakatu*(完成)，結(jié)合語境選擇*pēheatetāpatamāiakite...*(大家如何聚集在...)來表達“cametogether”。將“joyfulevent”融入描述活動的句子中。將“elders”譯為*tāpatamāia*(有智慧的長者)，將“youngpeople”譯為*tamariki*(兒童，青年)，將“senseofbelonging”譯為*whakawhetai*(歸屬感)。二、篇章翻譯Whakaritoritongāpēpiotekāwanatangakitewhakutūpāpakutēnei.Hetātaimātāpōtēneikeitetāpāpakumetewhakupurākau.Hemahikaitēneiiterārangipēpiokōrerorākaumetewhakukirikirimetewhakuputēnei.Nāngāhoawhānauongāiwinātāpikitepēpi,keitewhakaritoritotēnei.HetāpēpēkitewhakutūpāpakuotePapatūānuku.Keitewhakukirikirimātehoatātouotekāwanatangamengāwhānauheiwhakutūpāpakuotāmatourārangi.*解析思路：*譯文需準確傳達政府政策的目標（環(huán)境保護）、具體措施（減塑料、促可再生能源）、原住民部落代表的反應（歡迎、強調(diào)土地重要性、呼吁合作）。注意術語翻譯的準確性（如*pēpi*-政策,*whakutūpāpaku*-環(huán)境可持續(xù)性,*iwi*-部落,*Papatūānuku*-大地母親）。句式結(jié)構(gòu)需符合紐阿語習慣，可能需要調(diào)整英語句子的語序。例如，將“aimedatimproving”譯為*keitewhakutūpāpaku*(旨在...）。將“Representativesfromlocaliwi”譯為*Ngāhoawhānauongāiwinātāpiki*(來自當?shù)夭柯涞某蓡T/代表)。將“emphasizingtheimportance”譯為*Hetāpēpēkite...*(強調(diào)...）。將“collaborativeefforts”譯為*whakukirikirimātehoa*(合作，共同努力)。三、口譯技巧應用（文字模擬）1.筆記：(模擬筆記，實際應有符號和縮寫)`K@W@``MT``CW``HS``LT``GM``AH`*(解析思路：*此處為模擬筆記示例。實際筆記應簡潔。第一行可能記錄主題“水”，*K@*代表水(*Wai*)或議題。第二行可能記錄“氣候改變”，*CW*代表Climate/Weather。第三行記錄“挑戰(zhàn)”，*T*代表Trouble/Challenge。第四行記錄“家庭/社區(qū)行動”，*HS*代表Home/CommunityAction。第五行記錄“簡單行動”，*LT*代表SimpleActions。第六行記錄“責任”，*GM*代表Responsibility。最后一行記錄“愛”，*AH*代表Aroha/Affection。)2.總結(jié)：ThespeakeremphasizeswaterconservationasimportantforMāori.Climatechangeiscausingchallengestowatersources.Cooperationisneededforhomeandcommunityactions.Simplestepshelp,andeveryonehasresponsibility.文化概念分析：**Taonga*(Treasure):水被視為*taonga*(圣物/寶藏)，這是紐阿語文化中自然資源神圣性的體現(xiàn)?？谧g時需傳達出水的特殊價值和需要尊重的態(tài)度，而不僅僅是“資源”。**Whenua*(Land):水源與土地(*whenua*)緊密相連，土地是生命之源。提及水資源時，隱含著對整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和土地的關懷?？谧g時應暗示這種聯(lián)系，強調(diào)環(huán)境保護的整體性。**Aroha*(Love/Connection):結(jié)尾強調(diào)“責任”(*tangata*,*whakutūpāpaku*),但其基礎是*aroha*(愛/連接)。這表明行動源于對土地、社區(qū)和自然的關愛?？谧g時，應傳達出這種情感基礎，使環(huán)保信息更具人文色彩和文化深度。四、案例分析*shortcomings:Thetourist'stranslation"Welcome,wearehappytoseeyou"isoverlyliteralandlackstheculturaldepthandspecificconnotationofaMāoriwelcome.Itmissesthesenseofbelonging,theacknowledgmentoftheguest'sarrival,andtheestablishmentofaconnection.Itdoesnotincorporateanytraditionalelementsorthewelcomingprotocol(*pōwhiri*)inherentinMāoriculture.ItistoosimilartoagenericEnglishgreeting.*解析思路：*分析缺陷需指出譯文與原文在文化內(nèi)涵、表達方式上的巨大差距。標準Māori歡迎（如*Pōwhiri*）通常包含多個步驟和特定用語，強調(diào)連接和尊重。游客的譯文過于簡單、個人化（"wearehappy"），完全忽略了Māori歡迎儀式性的、社區(qū)性的和表達深層連接的特點。*Moreappropriatetranslation:"Nākoutou,kapaitepōwhiritēnei.Heponotetangatatēneirā."*解析思路：*提供的譯文"Nākoutou,kapaitepōwhiritēnei.Heponotetangatatēneirā."使用了標準的歡迎開頭"Nākoutou"(致你們)，評價性短語"kapaitepōwhiritēnei"(這個歡迎很好)，并使用"Heponotetangatatēneirā"(這個人很好/歡迎這個人)。這比游客的譯文更接近Māori的表達方式，并包含了歡迎的元素。*Explanation:ThistranslationismoreappropriatebecauseitusesstandardMāoriphrasesforgreetingandwelcoming."Nākoutou"acknowledgestherecipientsrespectfully."Kapaitepōwhiritēnei"acknowledgestheactofwelcomingitself,whichiscentraltotheMāoriprotocol."Heponotetangatatēneirā"welco