英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)練習題一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機的時代即將到來。”（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機即將問世?？芍疚闹黝}是“可折疊手機的時代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機的基礎(chǔ)”。“這是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我們能從賈斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力。”故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價格是17500元人民幣。這是一個很少有人能負擔得起的價格?？芍?，目前可折疊手機大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會到來?？芍?，作者對可折疊屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Theclockalwaysseemstobetickingrathertoofastinthedoctor'sofficeandthequeueofpatientsoutsidethedoorseemstobepressingrathertoohard.Somesayit'shightimeforthemodelofshort,sharpone-to-oneappointmentstogivewaytosharedmedicalappointments(SMAs共享醫(yī)療預(yù)約).

SMAsaredoctor-patientvisitsinwhichagroupofpatientsreceivepatienteducationandcounseling(咨詢),physicalexaminationandmedicalsupportinagroupsetting.TypicallySMAsaredesignedtohaveoneormoredoctorsattendtoagroupofpatientswhoshareacommonillnessormedicalcondition.Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMASprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.

However,doctorswhohavepioneeredthesharedappointmentapproachreportthattherearesignificantchallengesinvolved.Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,identifiesculturechangeasthemostsignificantchallenge.Physiciansandnursesaretrainedinamodelofpersonalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.Theyneedsharedgoalsandawayoftestingtheinnovationagainstagreedstandards.Dr.Sumegosays,"Thephysiciansmaybeworriedaboutthepossiblechaosandefficienciesthataremarketed.Theyalsohavetomakethepatientsunderstandwhattheirappointmentis,andwhattheexpectationis."

"So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthework-flowanddevelopsomeexperience.Providesomesupportbehindwhatthatbestpracticeshouldlooklike.Createsomestandardssothat,astheconceptspreads,youcanemploythatexperiencetostartthenextsharedmedicalappointmentsandthenext."（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheSMAapproach?A.

Toimprovemedicalservice.B.

Topromotedoctors'reputation.C.

Toconductmedicalresearch.D.

Tomeetpatients'expectation.（2）AccordingtoDr.Sumego,whatpreventstheSMAapproachfrombeingwidelyadopted?A.

Personalservice.

B.

Fixedideas.

C.

Lackofequipment.

D.

Sharedgoals.（3）Whatcantheunderlined"buy-in"inParagraph4bereplacedby?A.

practice

B.

organization

C.

purchase

D.

support（4）WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSMAapproachinthelastparagraph?A.

Itiscurrentlybeingquestioned.B.

Itisimpracticalinsomeareas.C.

Itwillenjoywidepopularitysoon.D.

Itshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了SMAs(共享醫(yī)療預(yù)約)模式，以及這種模式面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMAprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.”可知SMAs模式為患者提供了更長的預(yù)約時間，也為患者提供了更好地與醫(yī)生接觸的機會，同時還能從同行那里獲得額外的信息和支持。這說明SAMs的出現(xiàn)是為患者提供更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,……personalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.”可知Dr.Sumego認為，文化轉(zhuǎn)變是最大的

挑戰(zhàn)。醫(yī)生和護士接受的是針對個人服務(wù)和隱私的培訓(xùn);SMAs方法是對這些固定想法的根本挑戰(zhàn)。也就是說，改變這些已經(jīng)固定的想法是一種挑戰(zhàn)，所以這些固定的想法會阻礙SMAs模式的推廣，故選B。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments，Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians”可知如果一個組織要尋求共享醫(yī)療模式的話，Dr.Sumego建議他們從一些優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)師開始他們的buy-in，根據(jù)語境，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthe…appointmentsandthenext.”可知如果一個組織要開始SMAs，Dr.Sumego建議他們從一些優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)師開始，開發(fā)一些流程，積累一些經(jīng)驗。制定一些標準，以便隨著概念的推廣，他們可以利用這種經(jīng)驗開始下一次共享醫(yī)療預(yù)約然后將下次的經(jīng)驗用到下下次。這說明SMAs的實施需要一步一步來，不會一步到位。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盤旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:me.

Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.（1）Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?A.

Theflower

B.

Thebee

C.

Water

D.

Honey（2）Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Bees'specialtalent

B.

Bees'hardwork.C.

Bees'livingenvironment.

D.

Bees'socialbehavior.（3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.

B.

Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.C.

Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.

D.

Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，用擬人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤為人類釀造蜂蜜，人類應(yīng)該保護蜜蜂。（1）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，當你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻擊時，其實蜜蜂完全專注于其他的東西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故選D。（2）考查主旨大意。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，為人類釀造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介紹的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們幫助為人類辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及代詞指代，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Newsanchors(主播)musthavebeenreluctanttoreadoutthefollowingnews:XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday,threemonthsafteramalerobotjoinedtheprofession.

Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading.That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

Tofindtheanswer,wehavetoanalysethetechnologiesthatsupportXinatherjob.ThreekeytechnologiesareusedtosupportXin.First,samplesofhumanvoicesarecollectedandsynthesized(合成).Thisisfollowedbythecollectionandsynthesisofhumanmusclemovementsamples.AndthirdthevoicesandmovementsaremarriedinawaythatwhentheAlnewsanchorreads,themicro-electricmotorsbehindherfacemovetomakeherexpressionsseemmorehuman.

Yetweneedathoroughknowledgeofdeepleaningtechnologytomakearobotimitateaperson'svoice.Thedeveloperneedstocollecttensofthousandsofpiecesofpronunciations,inputthemintothemachineandmatchthemwiththetextortheAltoleanandread.Theprocessforimitatingfacialmovementsissimilar.Thedeveloperhastoanalysethemovementsofthe53musclesinthehumanface,makeamodelsetfromthecollecteddatafortheAInewsanchortolean,andimitatethemovementsoffacialmusclesviaprograms

BoththetechnologiesusedtomakeXin'sperformanceimpressivearemature.Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman.Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"inthefirstparagraphmean?A.

Delighted.

B.

Unwilling.

C.

Confused.

D.

Optimistic.（2）Whatcanweinferaboutpreviousnewsrobots?A.

Theyreadnewswithoutexpressions.B.

TheylookedlikeahumanbeingC.

TheycouldinterviewsportsstarsD.

Theycouldinteractwithaudience.（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthethirdtechnology?A.

ThistechnologyisveryperfectsofarB.

ThistechnologyisquitepopularnowC.

ThistechnologyremainsatthetheoreticalstageD.

Thistechnologyisfarfrommature.（4）Fromthelastparagraph,wecandrawaconclusionthat____.A.

humannewsanchorsshouldlearnfromATanchorstosavetheirjobsB.

AlanchorsperformmuchbetterthanhumannewsanchorsatpresentC.

Alnewsanchorswon'treplacehumannewsanchorsinthenearfutureD.

XinXiaomengsexpressionsvarysonaturallythattheyaretruetolife【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，上周日，新華社新聞主播辛曉萌成為世界上第一位女性人工智能新聞主播，作者介紹了人工智能背后的技術(shù)，并指出在不久的將來，人工智能新聞主播不會取代人類新聞主播。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial(人工的)intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday"及第二段中的"That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?"可知，擔心將來自己的工作會被人工智能取代的新聞主播一定不愿意透露下面這個消息：上周日，新華社新聞主播辛曉萌成為世界上第一位女性人工智能新聞主播，由此可知畫線詞詞義為"不愿意的"，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading."可知，與以前的機器人主播不同的是，辛曉萌讀起來不像一臺冷冰冰的機器，就像是一個活生生的人，她讀新聞的時候臉上的肌肉能夠伸展和放松，面部反應(yīng)也發(fā)生了變化，由此可知，以前的機器人主播讀新聞時面無表情，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman."可知，真正的難點在于第三技術(shù)，使辛曉萌的面部表情根據(jù)新聞報道的內(nèi)容而變化，事實上，辛曉萌的表情不總是隨著內(nèi)容而變化，她的表情一點也不像人類，由此可知，第三技術(shù)還遠遠不夠成熟，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities."可知，人工智能仍無法與人類素質(zhì)相匹敵，由此可知，在不久的將來，人工智能新聞主播不會取代人類新聞主播，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.

Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.

Withasmartthermostat(溫度自動調(diào)節(jié)器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.

Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..

Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.

Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?A.

Fixanairconditioner.

B.

Takeahotbath.

C.

Runalot.

D.

Putonmoreclothes.（2）Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?A.

Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.B.

Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.C.

Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.D.

Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.（3）Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.A.

Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoitB.

withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecallC.

technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessroughD.

Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.

ASmartThermostat

B.

AModernwinterC.

Waysofkeepingwarm

D.

Anunpleasantwinter【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的記憶中，冬天總是很不令人愉快。你外出時必須穿得暖和一點。所以通過"keepwarm"可知，外出時要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判斷出第1段中帶下劃線的單詞"bundleup"是多穿點衣服。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按鈕，或者通過手機上應(yīng)用程序，安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件就會產(chǎn)生熱量。所以電子保暖服裝工作的原理是安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件產(chǎn)生熱量。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"可知，幸運的是，事情不需要再這么有挑戰(zhàn)性了。先進的技術(shù)、引擎環(huán)和設(shè)計為我們提供了解決老問題的新方法。所以C選項"科技無法讓冬天變得不那么難熬"不符合短文說明的內(nèi)容。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。所以短文的最佳標題為"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"。故B選項"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"符合題意。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?A.

Tointroducethetopic.B.

TomentionNigel'sfeat.C.

Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.D.

TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?A.

Besuperiorto

B.

Beinferiorto

C.

Besimilarto

D.

Berelatedto（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?A.

Thewriter.

B.

Theshopassistant.

C.

Thebabysitter.

D.

Thepsychologist.（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?A.

LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.B.

Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.C.

Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.D.

Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，人工智能有取代人類工作的潛力,但是,并非所有工作都會被人工智能取代,有四種類型的工作完全沒有風險。因此,在人工智能時代人類仍然會有工作,關(guān)鍵必須是對勞動力進行再培訓(xùn),這樣人們才能從事這些工作。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知一個名叫奈杰爾·理查茲（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周內(nèi)記住了《法國拼字游戲詞典》中的386,000個單詞。但是,他不會說法語。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要與人工智能有關(guān),由此推斷作者寫第一段的目的是引出人工智能這個話題。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任務(wù)中outperform人類（前提是該任務(wù)在一個涉及到大量數(shù)據(jù)的領(lǐng)域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知從技術(shù)上講,人工智能具有在未來大約15年里取代成千上萬的白領(lǐng)和藍領(lǐng)工作的能力。結(jié)合下文推斷人工智能能夠具有取代人類的工作是因為AI在日常任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)超過了人類,劃線詞的意思是"勝過,超過",故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四種類型的工作完全沒有風險。首先,有創(chuàng)造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科學家,小說家和藝術(shù)家那樣進行發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。也就是作家和科學家不會被取代。排除A；再根據(jù)第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老師,保姆和醫(yī)生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者認為在AI時代仍然會有工作,關(guān)鍵必須是對勞動力進行再培訓(xùn),這樣人們才能從事這些工作。進行培訓(xùn)是為了得到專業(yè)技能,由此推斷作者會給出一直提升人們的專業(yè)技能的建議,故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.

Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.

Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.

Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.

TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.

GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.

TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"over-publicizing"it.

Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.

Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.（1）WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?A.

Demonstratingspacetechnology.

B.

Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.C.

Collectingwastesexistinginspace.

D.

Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.（2）HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?A.

Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.B.

Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.C.

Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.D.

Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sponsor"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.

Accomplish.

B.

Support.

C.

Oppose.

D.

Provide.（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.

TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfectB.

HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLabC.

WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInventedD.

SatelliteCollectsSpaceJ