【英語】閱讀理解練習(xí)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

TiredofNeckPain?Weareproudtoofferagadget-NeckMassager-thatwillrelieveyourbackandneckpaininstantly!HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?

ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.Notonlydoesthiswell-designeddevicereducepainandtension,butalsoitimprovesyourmoodandoverallhealth!Onlythe2AAAbatterieswillmakesurethatyoucanuseitwhenevertensionstrikes!

PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager:

WheneverIuseit,Iinstantlyfeelhappierandmorerelaxed,sotheeffectreallylasts.NeckMassagerisnotmysmallpleasure-it'sabigone!-SandraReames

I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.Ihavestartedtosleepbetteraswell,andthatwasoneofthemostsurprisingbenefitsoftheNeckMassager!-PatSullivan

Howmuchisit?

Comparedtoallthemedicalexpensesandotheralternatives,NeckMassagerisdefinitelyworthatry.It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly￡46!

Nopills,nodoctorappointments,nowastedtime-youcannowfeelgreatinyourownhome!

IMPORTANTINFORMATION!"AsofFebruary12,2020,youcanstillgetaNeckMassagerwithDISCOUNT!"（1）WhatmakesNeckMassagersoeffective?A.Itsworkingmethods.B.Itswell-designedlook.C.The2AAAbatteries.D.Thelongworkingtime.（2）WhatdoesPatSullivanthinkofthedevice?A.Itislight.B.Itisoversized.C.Itissimpletouse.D.Itissafetooperate.（3）HowmuchwillyouhavetopayifyoubuyoneinMarch,2020?A.￡23.B.￡46.C.￡69.D.￡92.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款能夠緩解背部和頸部疼痛的按摩器——NeckMassager，介紹了其工作方法、用戶評價以及價格等信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?部分中的“ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.”頸部按摩之所以如此有效的原因無疑是它的創(chuàng)新、科學(xué)、久經(jīng)考驗(yàn)的方法，它可以針對你身體疼痛的部位，給你帶來期待已久的緩解，可知，NeckMassager的工作方法讓它非常有效果。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager部分中的“I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.”我對技術(shù)不是很在行，所以我對如何使用它感到很緊張，但是這個設(shè)備使用起來很簡單，即使是像我這樣的人也完全沒有問題，可知，PatSullivan認(rèn)為這個設(shè)備使用起來很簡單。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Howmuchisit?部分中的“It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly￡46!”現(xiàn)在有五折優(yōu)惠，這意味著你只需花46英鎊就能買到它！可知，如果你在2020年3月買一臺，你要付46/50%=92英鎊。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Fromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels,we'reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.

Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon'taffectmostofusdirectly，itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.

AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao-theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced-maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.

Mostoftheworld'scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator，withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.It'spredictedthatby2050,climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise,makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.

Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however，butinlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit'sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.

“Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss,”MichonScott,theessay'sauthor,wrote.

Tohelpfightthisproblem,researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggeneeditingtechnology,accordingtoUSNews.

Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.

“Thisisaworldissue,anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether,”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.

Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart,wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Orifwe'reunlucky,chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.（1）Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?A.

Theincreasedheatthere.

B.

Thehigherhumiditythere.C.

Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.

D.

Themoisturelossinthesoilthere.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”intheseventhparagraphmean?A.

holdback

B.

makeupfor

C.

protect

D.

accept（3）WhatwillUScompanyMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?A.

Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.

B.

Itwillapplygeneeditingtechnologyinplantingcacao.C.

Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.

D.

Itwilldevelopcacaothatcansurviveindryerconditions.（4）Whatmaybethebesttitleofthistext?A.

Chocolatecouldbecomehistory

B.

WorktogethertofightclimatechangeC.

Howdowegrowcacaointhefuture?

D.

Howdocacaoplantsaffectclimatechange?【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，未來由于氣候的變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹可能會滅絕，所以巧克力有可能會成為歷史。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段中的“‘Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss,’MichonScott,theessay'sauthor,wrote.”可知未來赤道附近的可可樹很難存活，是因?yàn)槟抢锿寥乐兴值牧魇?，故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however，butinlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit'sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.可知Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss”的意思是換句話說，高溫帶走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增長不足以抵消水量的流失，所以“offset”的意思是彌補(bǔ)，抵消，故選B。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知美國的火星巧克力公司給予財政支援，用來幫助對抗氣候的變化，故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要講了未來由于氣候的變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹可能會滅絕，所以巧克力有可能會成為歷史，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Howmuchtelevisiondoyouwatch?Didyoureallygiveanhonestanswer?Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.

ThestudyinquestionwasconductedatBallStateUniversityintheUS.Researcherstherewantedtofindouthowmuchtelevisionpeopleviewaccordingtotheirage.ThestudywaspaidforbyacouncilassociatedwiththeNielsenCompany,whichdeterminestelevisionratings.Theconclusionswerethatpeoplespendmorethan8hoursadaylookingatascreen.Thisincludedcellphonesandcomputers，butthemajorityweretelevisionscreens.

Therearethreeinterestingthingsaboutthisstudy.Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.ThesecondisthatevenwithaccesstoDVDsandinternetvideos,televisionisstillthemostpopularmediasource.Thethirdisthattheamountofscreen-watchingpeopledoisrelativelythesamefromtheagesof18-65.

So,ifeveryoneiswatchingtelevision,whylieaboutit?Well,ifsomeoneadmitstheywatchtelevisionforfiveorsixhours,theycouldbeconsideredacouchpotato.MichaelPhillips,oneofthestudy'smainresearchers,says,“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.Sometimes,however,watchingthelatestrealityshoworthefunniestsitcomgivesco-workersandfriendsfunthingstotalkabout.”

Evenifyoudowatchalotoftelevision,perhapswecanusethisstudyasareasontobehonestwithourselvesabouthowmuchtimewespendinfrontofthetelevision.Imean,afterall,everyoneelseisdoingit...（1）WhydopeoplelieabouthowmuchTVtheywatch?A.

Becausetheshowtheywatchedisnotthelatest.

B.

Becausetheymaybelaughedatbyco-workersorfriends.C.

Becausetheydon'twantotherstoknowwhattheywatched.

D.

Becausethere'ssomethingnegativeattachedtowatchingtoomuchTV.（2）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.

Themostpopularmediasourceistheinternet.

B.

18-year-oldswatchmoreTVthansomeoneintheir60s.C.

Peopleareexposedtooverthananhourofadvertisementaday.

D.

Researcherssaythatpeoplewatchover8eighthoursoftelevisionaweek.（3）Howcouldpeoplefeeltobeconsideredasacouchpotato?A.

comfortable

B.

ashamed

C.

excited

D.

satisfied（4）Whatideadoestheauthormainlywanttoexpresswiththearticle?A.

whattheeffectsofwatchingTVare.

B.

howmuchtelevisionweshouldwatcheveryday.C.

therearesomeinterestingfactsofwatchingTV.

D.

peoplelieabouthowmuchtelevisiontheywatch.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者分析了人們瞞報看電視的時間的原因。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多電視，被認(rèn)為不光彩，由此推知，看電視太多與消極的東西聯(lián)系在一起，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.”可知人們每天被暴露在廣告下的時間超過一小時，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多電視，被認(rèn)為不光彩，由此推知當(dāng)一個人被認(rèn)為是一個成天看電視的人，他會感覺很羞恥，故選B。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文的主題句“Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.”可知這篇文章主要講了人們瞞報看電視的時間，作者對其中的原因進(jìn)行了分析，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解ClimbingWithoutRopes

Thepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It'smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder??improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasics?placestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofind?lesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbing?intellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblemsBoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe“problem”thatonemustsolve.The“solution”isthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoveraboulder.

Hereisanexampleofaclimberaddressingaboulderingproblem.

Figure1:Theclimberhastworoutesshecouldtake,onetotheleftandonetotheright.Theleftoneappearseasierbecauseithasajugwithineasyreach,butlookwhathappensifshechoosesthatdirection.Shegetsstuckontherockandhastogobackdown.Sometimesthatisevendifficultthangoingup.

Figure2:Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.usingafootholdandplacingherrighthandinacrimp,sheisabletolifeherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.（1）Accordingtothepassage,bouldering________.A.

isanindoorsport

B.

hasnosafetyprotectionC.

needsmapsandequipment

D.

isasteepcliffclimbing（2）Boulderingbecomespopularbecause________.A.

itchallengesthelimits

B.

itcostslessC.

itbuildsmindsandbodies

D.

itisateamgame（3）Accordingtotheexample,therightrouteis________.A.

ashortcut

B.

adeadend

C.

toughbuttothetop

D.

linedwithjugs【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹沒有安全繩的攀巖運(yùn)動。登山者的流行形象是用一根安全繩，一個人小心翼翼地爬上陡峭的懸崖，但這并不是唯一的一種。許多登山者現(xiàn)在都喜歡抱石。它更容易接近，也更適合環(huán)境。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whatisbouldering?部分中的“Participantsemploynosafetyropes.”可知，bouldering沒有安全感。故選B。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whyboulder?部分中的“improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems”可知，Bouldering變得受歡迎是因?yàn)樗⒘司窈蜕眢w上的快樂。故選C。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“Figure2：Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.usingafootholdandplacingherrighthandinacrimp,sheisabletolifeherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.”可知，根據(jù)這個例子，右邊的路線是艱難的，但能達(dá)到頂峰。故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Twoheadsarebetterthanone.Itmeansthattwopeopleworkingtogetherhaveabetterchanceofsolvingaproblemthanonepersonalone.Butnoteveryonelikesworkinginagroup.

Therecanbeanumberofreasonswhypeopledislikegroupwork.Somemayfeelnervousoruneasyingroupsituations.Othersmighthavehadabadexperiencewithindividualswhodidnotworkwellasateam.Anothercommentisthatteachersorinstructorsfailtoproviderolesforgroupmembers.Thismaycreateasituationwhereeveryoneornoonewantstolead.Whatevertheissue,theresultisthesame:thegroupdoesnotrealizeitsgoal.

Cooperative(合作的)learningisaneducationalmethodthatcanhelptosolvethisproblem.Therearemanymethodsofcooperativelearning.Todaywewilltalkaboutone:givingeachpersoninasmallgroupaspecificdutytoreachasharedgoal.Forexample,iflearnersaredividedintogroupsoffourpeopleeach,theirrolesmightbe:leader,writer,checkerandspeaker.Thisstructurehelpsensurethateveryonetakespartequallyingroupworkandallowseachmembertoplayameaningfulpartincompletingthesharedgoal.

Beforedividinglearnersintogroups,itisagoodideafortheteacherorclub'sinstructortofirsthaveknowledgeaboutthelanguageskilllevelsofparticipants.Thegoalistomakeeachgroupamixtureofhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.Puttingtoomanypeoplewithsimilarskilllevelstogethercouldmaketheworktoodifficultoreasy.Rolecardscanbeahelpfultoolinthismethodofcooperativelearning.Theirpurposeistoremindlearnersofeachperson'srole.

Beforethecooperativeactivity,theroleoftheteacheroractivityinstructoristoexplaintwothingstothegroup:themainjobfortheactivityandhowthecooperativeroleswork.ThepersoninchargemayappointtheserolesorlettheEnglishlearnerschoosethem.Then,duringtheactivity,theinstructor'sjobistowatchthegroupsandprovidemoreguidancewhenneeded.Aftertheactivity,theinstructormaywishtoprovidefeedbacktogroupsontheirworkandtheiruseofcooperation.

Withthiscooperativelearningmethod,youcansaythatfourheadsarebetterthanjustone.（1）What'stheoutcomeifpeopledonotenjoygroupwork?A.

Theaimofthegroupcannotbeachieved.

B.

Specificroleswillbegiventogroupmembers.C.

Groupmemberswillfeelateaseingroups.

D.

Groupmemberswillfailtoworkindividually.（2）Whydoestheteacherneedtoknowaboutthosewhotakepartintheactivity?A.

Tofindoutlanguagelearnerswithsimilarlevels.

B.

Toclarifyhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.C.

Tocombinelearnerswithdifferentlanguagelevels.

D.

Toincreasethedifficultyinfinishingthework.（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheroleofinstructors?A.

Tooffergroupmemberstimelyhelpateachstep.

B.

Tolistentotheresponsefromgroupmembers.C.

TohelptheEnglishlearnerschoosetheirfavouriteroles.

D.

Tomakeclearaboutthetaskandworkingprinciplesoftheroles.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

TwoHeadsAreBetterthanOne.

B.

CooperationIsaMustinLearning.C.

GroupWorkMakesaGreatDifferencetoLearners'Achievement.

D.

CooperativeLearningContributestotheSuccessofGroupWork.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了合作學(xué)習(xí)有助于團(tuán)隊工作的成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whatevertheissue,theresultisthesame:thegroupdoesnotrealizeitsgoal.”可知，如果人們不喜歡團(tuán)隊工作，該組織的目的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Beforedividinglearnersintogroups,itisagoodideafortheteacherorclub'sinstructortofirsthaveknowledgeaboutthelanguageskilllevelsofparticipants.Thegoalistomakeeachgroupamixtureofhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.”可知，老師需要了解關(guān)于參加活動的那些人是為了把學(xué)習(xí)者與不同的語言水平結(jié)合在一起。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Beforethecooperativeactivity,theroleoftheteacheroractivityinstructoristoexplaintwothingstothegroup:themainjobfortheactivityandhowthecooperativeroleswork.”可知，指導(dǎo)員的作用是明確角色的任務(wù)和工作原理。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Withthiscooperativelearningmethod,youcansaythatfourheadsarebetterthanjustone.”可知，合作學(xué)習(xí)有助于團(tuán)隊工作的成功。故選D。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpsthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.ThatistheshareddreamofthetoymakerHasbroandscientistsatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Theresearchersreceiveda$3-million-dollarawardfromtheNationalScienceFoundationforaspecialproject.Theywanttofindwaystoaddartificialintelligence,orA.I.,toHasbro's“JoyforAll”robotic

Thecathasalreadybeenforsalefortwoyears.Thoughpricedover1000dollars,itsoldquitewell.Itwasmeanttoactasa“companion”forolderpeople.Nowtheprojectisaimedatdevelopingadditionalabilitiesforthecat.ResearchersatBrown'sHumanity-CenteredRoboticsInitiativeareworkingtodecidewhichactivitiesolderadultsmayneedthemost.Theyhopetomakethecatperformasmallnumberofactivitiesverywell.Suchactivitiesincludefindinglostobjectsandremindingthepersontotakemedicineorvisittheirdoctor.Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.

ItisanideathathasappealedtoJeanneElliott.Her93-year-oldmotherMaryDerrliveswithherinSouthKingstown.Derrhasdementia(癡呆).TheJoyforAllcatthatElliottboughtthisyearhasbecomeatruecompanionforDerr.ThecatstayswithDerrandkeepshercalmwhileElliottisatwork.Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.

Theresearchersaretryingtolearnhowtheimprovedcatswillcompletehelpfulactivitiesandhowtheywillcommunicate.Theysaythattheydonotwantatalkingcat,however.Insteadtheyaretryingtodesignacatthatcanmoveitsheadinaspecialwaytosuccessfullycommunicateitsmessage.Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopetheycanevenhelppreventfeelingsoflonelinessandsadnessamongelderlypeople.（1）What'sthepurposeoftheproject?A.

Torelievethepainoftheelderly.

B.

Topromotethesalesofamedicine.C.

Toinventaroboticcatfortheelderly.

D.

Tohelpmaketheroboticcatsmarter.（2）Comparedwiththeoldmodel,thenewroboticcatwillbe

A.

smaller

B.

cheaper

C.

moretalkative

D.

moreexpensive（3）WhatdoesParagraph3intendtotellus?A.

Thecatgivesmuchhelptotheelderly.

B.

Themorefunctionsofthecat,thebetter.C.

Thereisnocurefordementiaatpresent.

D.

MaryDerrwouldhavediedwithoutthecat.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

Atalkingcatisquitepopularamongtheelderly.

B.

Feelingsofsadnessamongtheelderlyareunavoidable.C.

Eachfamilycanaffordsuchacatinthefuture.

D.

Thefeelingofbeingneededisvitaltotheelderly.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，主要介紹新型的人工智能機(jī)器貓。機(jī)器貓會給老年人更多的幫助，同時機(jī)器貓也離不開他們。被需要的感覺是至關(guān)重要的。他們甚至可以幫助防止老年人的孤獨(dú)和悲傷情緒。(1)目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.項目的目地是幫助機(jī)器貓更聰明。故答案選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.可知，與舊模型相比新的機(jī)器貓更便宜。故答案選B。(3)段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.可知，機(jī)器貓會給老年人更多的幫助。故答案選A。(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopetheycanevenhelppreventfeelingsoflonelinessandsadnessamongelderlypeople.可知，被需要的感覺是至關(guān)重要的。故答案選D?！军c(diǎn)評】推論性考察題一般包括事實(shí)推斷、指代推斷、邏輯推斷和對作者意圖與觀點(diǎn)的推斷。常見的提問方式有：①Thewriterbelievesthat＿＿＿＿.②Fromthispassagewecanguess＿＿＿＿.③Thewritesuggeststhat＿＿＿＿。除了一般的事實(shí)題可直接從文中找出答案外，其他諸如對條件變化、因果關(guān)系以及作者意圖等較為深層的邏輯推斷題，則必須要建立在對全文的理解基礎(chǔ)上，通過文章所提供的線索，加以綜合分析，才能做出正確的推斷。7．閱讀理解

Ittookmeamomenttorealizewhathadhappened.ThreedayshadpassedandRitaseemedtogetweakerandweaker.Therainhadstopped.However,theskywasstillcloudy,anditwassodarkthatIcouldn'tseethebuildingsevenacrosstheroad.Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.

Therewererainsandwindsstill,butnotoppressive(難以忍受的)anymore.Therewasstillnopower,hotwaterorfood.Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.

AsItravelledfurthertothewest,goingafterthestorm,thedamagealongthewaybecamelesssevere.IarrivedinHoustonafteratrickyjourneywithmyfuelsuppliesalmostallgone.However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.Hehelpedmeandwesharedourworkingexperiencethesedays.WithacompletestrokeofluckIfoundarun-downhotelthatallowedmetohavearoomovernightbeforethemidnight.Althoughtherewasnorunningwater,nopowerandnoairconditioning,Icurledupintoacornerandfellasleepquickly.

Iwokeupthenextmorning,andwhatachange!Theskywasblueandcarsweremovingaround.Sirenscouldbeheardasconvoys(護(hù)航隊)ofemergencymanagementsstartedtoheadwesttowardswhereIhadcomefrom."ThestormhadstoppedandIcouldgohome.Igaveallmyremainingsuppliestootherpeopleatthehotelandheadedtowardstheairport.HoustonAirportwasnotdamaged,soItookmyflightanddrankmyfirsthotdrinkinfourdays.

Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.（1）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat“Rita”is________.A.

apet

B.

astorm

C.

afriendoftheauthor

D.

acitizeninHouston（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Theauthorwasastormchaser.

B.

Thestormlastedforatleastaweek.C.

Theauthordidn'tlikeHoustonatall.

D.

Houstonwasverybadlydamagedbythestorm.（3）Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterthestorm?A.

Anxious.

B.

Disappointed.

C.

Satisfied.

D.

Scared.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Waystosurviveinastorm.

B.

TheweatherchangesinHouston.C.

Theauthor'sexperienceinthestorm.

D.

DamagescausedbythestorminHouston.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作。(1)推理判斷題。由第二段Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.可知，天氣預(yù)報報道Rita離開了，它讓許多人們失去了家園，甚至失去了生命。結(jié)合第一段中Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.可推知，"Rita”是一次風(fēng)暴，選B。(2)推理判斷題。由第三段However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.可推知，作者是一位風(fēng)暴追逐者，選A。(3)推理判斷題。由最后一段Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.可推知，在這次風(fēng)暴之后，作者感覺很滿意，故選C。(4)主旨大意題。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作，故選C。【點(diǎn)評】寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。詢問寫作目的的題，選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋),prove(證明),persuade(勸說),advise(勸告),comment(評論),praise(贊揚(yáng)),criticize(批評),entertain(娛樂),demonstrate(舉例說明),argue(辯論),tell(講述),analyze(分析)等。詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(滿意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(熱情的),subjective(主觀的),objective(客觀的),matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的),pessimistic(悲觀的),optimistic(樂觀的),critical(批評的),doubtful(懷疑的),hostile(敵對的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。8．閱讀理解

Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence,hashadoneambition—tobeadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo.However,ithasrepeatedlyfailed.Thisyearwasnoexception.

InearlyNovemberTorobotookanexamtoprepareforanall-importa