28/30專題08推理判斷題目錄01知識腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點精析·知識能力全解目錄01知識腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點精析·知識能力全解【知能解讀01】推理判斷題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計【知能解讀02】推理判斷題五年高考考情解讀【知能解讀03】推理判斷題五年高考考點分類【知能解讀04】推理判斷題五年高考選項特點【知能解讀05】閱讀理解滿分突破思維導(dǎo)圖03攻堅指南·高頻考點突破【重難點突破01】隱含推斷題【重難點突破02】隱含推斷題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【重難點突破03】觀點態(tài)度題【重難點突破04】觀點態(tài)度題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【重難點突破05】寫作手法題【重難點突破06】寫作手法題跟蹤訓(xùn)練04避坑錦囊·易混易錯診療【易混易錯01】寫作意圖題【易混易錯02】寫作意圖題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【易混易錯03】文章出處題【易混易錯04】文章出處題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【易混易錯05】預(yù)測下段題【易混易錯06】預(yù)測下段題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【易混易錯07】人/物特征推斷題【易混易錯08】人/物特征推斷題跟蹤訓(xùn)練05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【方法技巧01】閱讀推理判斷題答題誤區(qū)【方法技巧02】閱讀推理判斷題誤區(qū)應(yīng)對【方法技巧03】閱讀推理判斷題滿分策略01推理判斷題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題猜測詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題2025全國一卷71612025全國二卷81422024新課標(biāo)I卷91412024新課標(biāo)II卷91412024全國甲卷71612023新課標(biāo)I卷61712023新課標(biāo)II卷61712023全國甲卷81512023全國乙卷51812022新課標(biāo)I卷82412022新課標(biāo)II卷82412022全國甲卷81332022全國乙卷101312021新課標(biāo)I卷81422021新課標(biāo)II卷111212021全國甲卷51812021全國乙卷616202推理判斷題五年高考考情解讀1.命題趨勢①深度理解要求提高：不再單純考查對表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生對文章深層含義、作者隱含意圖和態(tài)度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息進(jìn)行合理的邏輯推理和判斷。例如，通過文中人物的具體行為和語言來推斷其性格特點、心理狀態(tài)等。②強(qiáng)調(diào)語篇整體理解：常要求考生整合全文或多個段落的信息進(jìn)行綜合推斷，不能僅依靠某一句話或某一段內(nèi)容。如根據(jù)文章不同段落中對事件的描述，推斷事件發(fā)展的后續(xù)走向或最終結(jié)果。③文化背景考查融入：隨著選材更加注重原汁原味的英語文章，涉及的文化背景知識增多，考生需要具備一定的文化常識和跨文化交際意識，才能準(zhǔn)確理解文章并做出合理推斷。比如對一些西方文化習(xí)俗、社會現(xiàn)象等背景知識的了解，有助于理解相關(guān)文章并推理出正確答案。2.語篇選材①選材多元化：題材涵蓋日常生活、科技、文化、社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各個領(lǐng)域，緊跟時代熱點，如人工智能、環(huán)境保護(hù)、社交媒體影響等。體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，每種體裁都有其獨特的推理判斷考查點。②語篇難度提升：詞匯量有所增加，可能會出現(xiàn)一些超綱詞匯但可通過上下文推測詞義，語句結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜多樣，長難句增多，對考生的語言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。3.設(shè)題方式①設(shè)題方式靈活：題干的表述更加多樣化，不再局限于傳統(tǒng)的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等詞，可能會以更具體、更貼近文本內(nèi)容的方式提問，如“Basedonthepassage,whatcanwelearnabout...”“Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythrough...”等。②選項干擾性增強(qiáng)：干擾項的設(shè)計更加巧妙，可能會出現(xiàn)與原文部分內(nèi)容相似但存在細(xì)節(jié)偏差的情況，或者是符合常識但與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)的選項，以及過度推理、以偏概全的選項等，需要考生仔細(xì)甄別。③推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。解答該類題目時一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容,在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁,透過字里行間,體會作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在進(jìn)行推斷時,要據(jù)文推理、合情推理,不可脫離原文主觀臆斷。高考對推理判斷題的考查形式包括以下幾種:隱含推斷題、觀點態(tài)度題、寫作手法題、寫作意圖題、文章出處/類別題和作者身份/讀者對象題。4.命題特點特殊疑問句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;通常涉及推斷作者態(tài)度、文章出處、文章類型、寫作意圖、下段話題等。34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?（2025全國二卷，隱含含義題）35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，隱含含義題）35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，寫作意圖題）31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services? （2024全國甲卷，態(tài)度推斷題）26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram? （2023新課標(biāo)I卷，人物評價題）31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout? （2023全國乙卷，預(yù)測下段題）21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom? （2022新課標(biāo)I卷，文章出處題）29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4? （2020浙江卷，寫作手法題）03推理判斷題五年高考考點分類04推理判斷題五年高考選項特點1.正確選項特征同義替換與原文關(guān)鍵信息相同含義的不同表達(dá)信息歸納對分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行概括或比較正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)意思明了原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項比較簡單2.干擾選項特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容無中生有符合生活常識，但不是該文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意極其相似但是細(xì)節(jié)處與原文有些出入顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭或完全相反正誤參半選項內(nèi)容部分正確，部分和原文錯誤05閱讀理解滿分突破思維導(dǎo)圖01隱含推斷題——據(jù)文推理法1.設(shè)題特點隱含推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文中的信息進(jìn)行合理的、適度的邏輯推斷,推斷出作者沒有直接說明的內(nèi)容,可能會發(fā)生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,理解關(guān)鍵詞句的真正含義,才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。此類題目的題干主要包括六個動詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出結(jié)論)和assume(假定,設(shè)想)。2.思維導(dǎo)圖02隱含推斷題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國二卷第29題)Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren….DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBr?mmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese...Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.…29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第30題)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens....Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness. 03觀點態(tài)度題——忠于措辭法1.設(shè)題特點所謂作者的觀點和態(tài)度,就是作者對某個話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺或判斷。作者的觀點和態(tài)度一般分為三大類:支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此,在推斷過程中應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點或看法,或推斷文中人物的語氣、性格等。2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.高頻詞匯類別高頻詞匯樂觀支持類optimistic樂觀的；positive肯定的；favorable支持的，贊同的；supportive支持的；approving贊成的；appreciative感激的客觀中立類objective客觀的；neutral中立的；cautious謹(jǐn)慎的消極反對類negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful懷疑的；indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；critical批評的；ironic諷刺的；skeptical質(zhì)疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不贊同的；pessimistic悲觀的；dismissive輕蔑的，不屑一顧的模棱兩可類ambiguous模棱兩可的；unclear不清楚的04觀點態(tài)度題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024全國甲卷閱讀C篇片段)…TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2023全國乙卷第29題)WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.…It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood…29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.跟蹤訓(xùn)練3(2023全國乙卷第35題)…Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.05寫作手法題——行文邏輯法1.命題形式32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?(2025全國一卷)34.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?(2024九省聯(lián)考卷)2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題策略①根據(jù)文章題材來判斷。記敘文多采取以時間為序、以空間為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比等方式使說明更清晰或更具說服力。議論文大多通過舉例子、列數(shù)字、引名言、作對比是使得觀點更可信，更有權(quán)威性。②根據(jù)“原文定位”來判斷。先根據(jù)題干判斷是具體某段還是全文寫作手法，然后尋找標(biāo)志詞，進(jìn)而找到答案。形式含義標(biāo)志詞bygivingexamples通過舉例forexample,forinstancebyanalyzingcauses通過分析原因asaresult/consequencebygivingdefinitions通過下定義thatistosaybylistingdata/statistics通過列數(shù)字increaseby13%bydescribingaprocess通過描述過程first,second,third,finallybyfollowingtimeorder遵循時間順序in1920，inthe1940s,nowadaysbymakingcomparisons/contrast通過對比but,whilebymakingclassifications通過分類first,next,thenbyanalyzingcauseandeffect通過分析因果Thatisbecause….byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序由近及遠(yuǎn)，由外到內(nèi)06寫作手法題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國一卷第32題)MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.…32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2021八省聯(lián)考卷第30題)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.01寫作意圖題——文體特點法1.設(shè)題特點各種文體的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作目的題。通常情況下,作者在文中不直接陳述自己的寫作目的,而是通過文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以,這種題型要求考生具備對作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力。2.思維導(dǎo)圖02寫作意圖題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第35題)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.…AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.…Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI. B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI. D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert. 跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2025八省聯(lián)考第27題)JimJohnson,amailcarrier,wasaninstitutionintheleafyWestmoreland,WesthavenandWestoverHillsneighborhoods,justnorthofdowntownWilmington,wherehedeliveredmuchmorethanthemail.Heknewallthekidsandtheirpetsbyname;hecarriedinthegroceries;hetooknoteofunlockeddoors,offeredgardeningadvice,andtaughtmorethanafewyoungboystheartofthecurveball.Whenhewasn'tdoingallthat,Jimwasrunningacrossacheckerboardofgreenlawns(草坪)toensurethelocalpostalservicedidnotfallshortofitsdailypromise.Thoughthepostalserviceisoftendisparagednow,thetrustinlocalpostalserviceliveson.…Aftermorethanthreedecades,Jimapproachedhisfinaldaysonthejobmuchlikeanyother.HedroveaboxypostaltrucktoNorthDuPontRoadforthefirstunofficialstopoftheday.…It’sbeen33yearssinceJimlefttheroute,butwearestillremindedofthedeepbondestablishedbetweencommunityandlettercarrier.That’swhatthepostalservicemeanstous.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? A.Torememberarespectedmailcarrier. B.Torecordanunforgettableexperience.C.Toraisefundsforthepostalservice.D.Tocallforharmonyinthecommunity.03文章出處題——體裁內(nèi)容法1.設(shè)題特點文章出處題要求考生具備一定的常識,能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來推斷文章的出處或類別。寫作對象推斷題要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷文章的寫作對象。2.思維導(dǎo)圖04文章出處題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2023新課標(biāo)II卷第28題)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld...Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures....Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubjectFroma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader...28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings. 跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21題)【原文】GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)…LateWork…21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.跟蹤訓(xùn)練3(2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33題)In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.…InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.05預(yù)測下段題——文末推斷法1.解題策略考生在閱讀全文基礎(chǔ)上，“預(yù)測下段”類試題應(yīng)注意以下兩點策略：①從最后一段入手。有時候，作者在最后一段提到一個話題，但是沒有充分說明，因此需要在下一段就此問題深入分析、論述或討論。所以考生學(xué)會依據(jù)最后一段甚至最后一句話進(jìn)行推斷也不失為明智選擇。②從第一段入手。實用類說明文往往采用“總分”或者“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，即第一段總體概況說明，然后分段闡述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主題段內(nèi)容，順藤摸瓜，即可推斷下段內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是主題段中尚未提及的內(nèi)容。2.解題步驟①做題留痕，依據(jù)題干在原文圈劃答題區(qū)間；②劃掉錯項，去偽存真，快速作答提升效率；③錯題反思，專用筆記本記錄錯因舉一反三。06預(yù)測下段題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2023全國乙卷第33題)【原文】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.33.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2011安徽卷第63題)【原文】Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepundergroundwhenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthe1ate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisal1owedthemtopeopleinalmostall1areasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower.B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.07人/物特征推斷題——抓關(guān)鍵詞法1.解題方略把描述人物的性格特征的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。預(yù)測每個詞需要和什么樣的事跡相對應(yīng)，這樣在考場上就能迅速地找到答案。對這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提供做題時間。2.描寫人物特征的形容詞generous慷慨的brave勇敢的determined有決心的modest謙虛的creative有創(chuàng)造力的ambitious有雄心的demanding要求高的impatient不耐煩的outgoing外向的cooperative有合作意識的honest誠實的easy-going隨和的organized有條理的capable有能力的,有才能的confident自信的diligent勤奮的voluntary自愿的energetic精力旺盛的humorous幽默的modest謙虛的optimistic樂觀的cautious小心謹(jǐn)慎的caring樂于助人的;關(guān)心他人的responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的enthusiastic熱情的3.描寫事物特征的形容詞experienced有經(jīng)驗的intelligent聰明的grateful感激的helpful有幫助的talkative健談的athletic愛體育運動的innovative創(chuàng)新的tolerant忍受的committed堅信的considerate體貼的ashamed慚愧的regretful后悔的disappointed失望的amazed吃驚的satisfied滿意的disappointed失望的shocked震驚的sympathetic同情的hardworking勤勞的embarrassed尷價的courageous勇敢的independent獨立的sensitive敏感的08人/物特征推斷題跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025浙江1月卷第27題)…Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“Whenyourchildsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesomeotherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2025浙江1月卷第30題)Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模塊化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.…30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected.跟蹤訓(xùn)練3(2024新課標(biāo)I卷第24題)“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.…24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd. B.He’sstrict. C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude.01閱讀推理判斷題答題誤區(qū)1.主觀臆斷：脫離文本邏輯誤區(qū)表現(xiàn)：考生常依據(jù)個人常識或主觀情感進(jìn)行推斷，忽視原文線索。例如2024年全國甲卷第31題問及Ducke對醫(yī)療列車服務(wù)的態(tài)度時，部分考生因“農(nóng)村醫(yī)療資源匱乏”的常識誤選“同情”，而忽略原文impressedbythedoctors,bestchance等直接褒義表述，正確答案應(yīng)為Appreciative。2.過度推斷：曲解隱含意義誤區(qū)表現(xiàn)：將作者未明確表達(dá)的觀點強(qiáng)行延伸。如2022年全國卷關(guān)于新材料的說明文，部分考生從“廣泛應(yīng)用”過度推斷出“已大規(guī)模商業(yè)化”，而原文僅提及potentialapplications。干擾項特征：選項常包含must,never等絕對化表述，或通過偷換概念（如將“節(jié)水”改為“解決干旱”）制造陷阱。3.事實復(fù)述：混淆推斷與細(xì)節(jié)誤區(qū)表現(xiàn)：誤將原文直接陳述的事實作為推斷結(jié)論。例如2023年全國乙卷關(guān)于烹飪節(jié)目影響的題目，選項“男性廚師增多改變社會觀念”直接對應(yīng)原文malechefsonTVmakecookingcoolforboys，但正確答案需從“節(jié)目增加烹飪興趣”推斷出“促進(jìn)飲食文化傳播”。4.邏輯顛倒：因果/順序混淆誤區(qū)表現(xiàn)：顛倒事件因果或時間順序。如2024年新高考II卷關(guān)于氣候變化的閱讀中，部分考生將“極端天氣導(dǎo)致人獸沖突”理解為“沖突引發(fā)氣候變化”，忽視aswelearnaboutspecificincidents,wecanidentifypatterns的因果關(guān)系表述。5.文體誤判：忽視體裁特征誤區(qū)表現(xiàn)：議論文中混淆作者觀點與引用觀點，說明文誤判寫作目的。例如2023年浙江卷關(guān)于生態(tài)設(shè)計的文章，部分考生將“展示應(yīng)用案例”的說明目的誤判為“批判傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)”，正確答案應(yīng)緊扣ecologicaldesign的功能性介紹。02閱讀推理判斷題誤區(qū)應(yīng)對1.精準(zhǔn)定位，避免主觀臆斷?許多考生在做推理判斷題時容易犯主觀臆斷的錯誤，脫離原文僅憑自身感覺答題。以2023年全國乙卷中關(guān)于不同醫(yī)生的題目為例，題目詢問TanYunxian與其他從業(yè)者的不同之處。正確的做法是，抓住TanYunxian這個關(guān)鍵詞，迅速回到原文中與之相關(guān)的段落，將每一處提到TanYunxian的細(xì)節(jié)仔細(xì)標(biāo)記出來，為后續(xù)推理判斷提供依據(jù)。同時，對選項進(jìn)行逐字逐句分析。只有基于原文精準(zhǔn)定位信息，才能避免這類錯誤。?2.構(gòu)建邏輯，防止邏輯混亂?構(gòu)建清晰的邏輯鏈在推理過程中起著極為重要的作用。2021年新高考Ⅰ卷有一道關(guān)于1934年法案的題目，題干問法案通過的直接結(jié)果。我們回到原文，看到“About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem”這句話，它清晰地闡述了出售鴨票的錢進(jìn)入候鳥保護(hù)基金這一邏輯關(guān)系。從這個邏輯出發(fā)，能夠合理推斷出政府籌集到了資金，所以選項D正確。而干擾項B說候鳥飛離，實際上這是頒布法案的原因，并非結(jié)果，屬于邏輯顛倒，不符合題意。3.關(guān)注情感，把握作者態(tài)度?作者在文章中常常會通過一些形容詞、副詞來表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度，這一點在做推理判斷題時不容忽視。在一些描述社會現(xiàn)象的文章里，如果出現(xiàn)shockingly，regrettably這樣的副詞，大概率暗示作者對這種現(xiàn)象持負(fù)面態(tài)度。在做觀點態(tài)度類推理判斷題時，我們要把這些情感詞都圈出來，從而更好地把握作者立場，避免用自己的主觀想法去替代作者觀點，確保推理判斷的準(zhǔn)確性。?4.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)，總結(jié)提升能力?多做針對性練習(xí)是提升推理判斷能力的有效途徑。我們可以把近三年真題里的推理判斷題集中起來，按照上述方法一道一道認(rèn)真分析。做完之后，更重要的是要認(rèn)真總結(jié)錯題原因，看是信息定位不準(zhǔn)確，還是邏輯鏈構(gòu)建錯誤，亦或是對情感詞理解有誤。03閱讀推理判斷題滿分策略1.要緊扣原文，通過關(guān)鍵詞精準(zhǔn)定位，避免主觀臆斷。2.學(xué)會梳理因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系，構(gòu)建清晰邏輯鏈。3.倍加留意情感詞匯，把握作者或當(dāng)事人的態(tài)度傾向。4.多做真題分析錯因，強(qiáng)化薄弱環(huán)節(jié)提升推理判斷能力。推理判斷題推理判斷題綜合能力提升真題專區(qū)：研讀高考真題，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，探尋滿分做題技巧和應(yīng)試思維01(2020浙江7月卷)Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(劇作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(變暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays. B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor. D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?A.Statingtheplays’centralideas. B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.C.Includingvarioustypesofplays. D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?A.Controltheirfeelings. B.Applytheiractingskills.C.Usetheirimagination. D.