Unit5WorkingtheLandWordsandExpressions1.devotevt.把...獻(xiàn)（給）,把...專用于；專心于【搭配】devoteone’slife／energy／time／moneyto(doing)sth.把某人的生命／精力／時(shí)間／金錢用于（做）某事devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto致力于，獻(xiàn)身于(to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語)devotemostofhistimetohispainting大部分時(shí)間用于他的繪畫devoteyourattentiontoyourwork專心于你的工作devotehimselfentirelytoscience把他自己完全獻(xiàn)給科學(xué)【拓展】adevotedfriend忠誠(chéng)的朋友a(bǔ)devotedfan狂熱的崇拜者adevotedson孝子bedevotedtosb.深愛某人【派生】devotedadj.忠誠(chéng)的；摯愛的；全心全意的devotionn.關(guān)愛；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；專心【例句】①It’shightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectingtheocean.②Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometime________healthandfitness.③__________(devote)toimprovingthesituation,theyquicklyadjustedtheirplansandreactedpositivelytothechallenges,workinghardtofindeffectivesolutions.④His________(devote)tohiswifeandfamilyistouching.toDevoteddevotion2.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺【搭配】ashortageof······的短缺；缺乏·····asevere／seriousshortage嚴(yán)重不足agrowingshortage日益加重的不足awater/foodshortage水資源／食物的短缺【例句】Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestbarriertoboostingtheworld’sgrainproduction.

3.tacklevt.解決（難題）；應(yīng)付（局面）；處理【搭配】tackletheproblem/futurechallenges處理問題/應(yīng)對(duì)未來挑戰(zhàn)【熟詞生義】vt.與·······交涉；向······提起（問題或困難情況）tacklesb.aboutsth.與某人交涉某事【例句】Moreimportantly，volunteeringprovidesstudentswithnewskillstotacklefuturechallenges.4.boostvt.使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺

n.增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)【搭配】v:

①boostsb’sconfidence②boostexports/profitsn:①aboostincarsales②agreat/welcomeboost很大的激勵(lì)【例句】①Weneedabigwintoboostourconfidence.②Thecompanydecidedtodevotemoreresourcestoresearchanddevelopmentinordertotacklethetechnicalchallengesandboostitscompetitivenessinthemarket.5.yieldn.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出【搭配】high／lowyield高產(chǎn)／低產(chǎn)thelandyieldinggrapes出產(chǎn)葡萄的這塊地vt.出產(chǎn)（作物）；產(chǎn)生（收益、效益等）;vi.屈服；讓步themethodyieldingthesameresults產(chǎn)生同樣結(jié)果的方法yieldto...向······屈服／讓步neveryieldtodifficulties決不會(huì)向困難屈服yieldtopressure屈服于壓力5.yieldn.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出【例句】①Theevidencesuggeststhelongerhoursdonotyieldbetterresults.②Thepotato’svalueliesinitshighyieldanditsalmostperfectbalanceofnutrients.③Iyielded_________temptationandhadabarofchocolate.to6.convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服【搭配】convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb./oneselfthat...使某人／某人自己相信······【拓展】beconvincedof...確信······；堅(jiān)信······beconvincedthat...確信······；堅(jiān)信······be/feelfirmlyconvincedthat...深信······；篤信······；堅(jiān)信······【派生】convincingadj.令人信服的;convincedadj.確信；深信；堅(jiān)信6.convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服【例句】①M(fèi)yparentshavealwaysconvincedme________(challenge)myself,forwhichI'mreallygrateful.②Thiswillhelpyouconvinceyourselfthatfavorableoutcomesactuallyhappenallthetime,makingiteasiertobegintakingaction.③Ifyouwanttomakeyourplanmore____________(convince),youneedtooffermoreexamples.to~convincing7.attainvt.（通常經(jīng)過努力）獲得；得到【搭配】attainone’sgoal達(dá)到某人的目標(biāo)attainnine“A”gradesintheexam考試成績(jī)是九個(gè)A【派生】attainmentn.達(dá)到；獲得；成就attainableadj.可達(dá)到的，可獲得的attainablegoals/objectives/targets可達(dá)到的目標(biāo)【例句】①Weshallattainwhatevergoalwesetinourmind.8.assumptionn.假定；設(shè)定；（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)力的）獲得【派生】assumevt.認(rèn)為；假設(shè)；承擔(dān);assumingconj.假定，假設(shè)【搭配】ontheassumptionthat...假設(shè)·······maketheassumptionthat...假設(shè)······makeassumptionsabout...對(duì)······做出假設(shè)8.assumptionn.假定；設(shè)定；（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)力的）獲得【拓展】assume（that）...認(rèn)為·····Let’sassume（that）...咱們假設(shè)······assumeresponsibilityfor...承擔(dān)······的責(zé)任Itisgenerally/usuallyassumedthat...普遍／通常認(rèn)為······assuming（that）...假定······8.assumptionn.假定；設(shè)定；（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)力的）獲得【例句】①Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothem.Itisnottrue,though.②Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.③

Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.④Everyonemustassumeresponsibilityforprotectingtheenvironment.9.intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的【搭配】anintenselook熱切的神情intenseinterest/desire濃厚的興趣／強(qiáng)烈的欲望intensecompetition激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)intenseheat/cold/pain酷熱／嚴(yán)寒／劇痛【派生】intenselyadv.強(qiáng)烈地；激烈地；非?！纠洹竣貽utofthatdiscussiongrewanintensedesiretodovoluntarywork.②Anothermistakemostpeoplemakeistoworkoutintenselyalmosteveryday.10.overcomevt.(overcame,overcome）克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝；受到...的極大影響【搭配】overcomedifficulties/badhabits克服困難／改掉惡習(xí)overcomethefear克服恐懼overcomedisadvantages克服不利條件overcomeobstacles克服障礙overcometheenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵人beovercomebysth.（某種情緒）控制···，對(duì)···產(chǎn)生極大的影響10.overcomevt.(overcame,overcome）克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝；受到...的極大影響【例句】①Failurecanhelpuslearnandovercomeourfears.②Ifitwerenotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomethedifficulty.③

Overcomebycuriosity,theboylookedoutofthewindow.11.expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）vi.細(xì)談；詳述【搭配】expandtheinfluence/production/thebusinessexpand(...)into...（把···）擴(kuò)展成···anexpandingeconomy不斷發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)[現(xiàn)在分詞作定語]【派生】expansionn.擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)大；膨脹aperiodofrapideconomicexpansion經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展期11.expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）vi.細(xì)談；詳述【例句】①Ourcurrentsmartphonelifestylewillexpandtocreateourownsmarthomelifestyle.我們目前的智能手機(jī)生活方式將會(huì)拓展，從而創(chuàng)造出我們專屬的智能家居生活方式。②Thisworkexpandedmymindinwaysthatareimpossibleinsidethefourwallsofaclassroom.這項(xiàng)工作拓寬了我的思維，這是在四面墻的教室里不可能做到的。12.estimatevt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n.估計(jì)；估算【搭配】Itisestimated（that）...據(jù)估計(jì)···arough/conservativeestimate粗略/保守估計(jì)【例句】①Itisestimatedthattheprojectwilllastfouryears.據(jù)估計(jì)，這項(xiàng)工程將持續(xù)四年。②Onemusthaveacorrectestimateofoneself.一個(gè)人必須對(duì)自己有正確的評(píng)估。13.becomprisedof包括；包含；由...組成（或構(gòu)成）【拓展】表示“由······組成／構(gòu)成”的其他表達(dá)：consistof，bemadeupof，becomposedof【注意】comprise不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)?！九缮縞omprisevt.包括；包含；由·······組成【例句】①___________(comprise)ofdeterminedindividuals,theteammanagedtoovercomenumerousobstaclesintheproject,showinggreatperseveranceandunity.②Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?Comprised14.generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起【派生】generationn.產(chǎn)生；一代人【搭配】generateincome/profit產(chǎn)生收益／利潤(rùn)generatenewideas產(chǎn)生新想法generateinterest引起興趣generateelectricity發(fā)電【拓展】thegenerationofelectricity發(fā)電passfromonegenerationtoanother代代相傳14.generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起【例句】①Weshoulddevelopinnovativethinkingabilitiesbygivingstudentsopportunitiestogeneratenewideas.②We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.15.leisuren.閑暇；休閑；空閑【搭配】leisureactivities業(yè)余活動(dòng)atleisure閑散；悠閑；不慌不忙；從容atyourleisure（正式用語）有空時(shí)；空閑時(shí)【例句】Someteensspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.16.deepdown在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上【例】DeepdownIstilllovehim.Sheseemsindifferentbutdeepdownshe’sverypleased.【例句】①Ihavesomanyfriends，butdeepdownIhaveafearofloneliness.②

Deepdown,IalwaysbelievethattheeffortsImaketodaywillbringmeclosertomydreams.17.realityn.現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)【搭配】inreality事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上face／acceptreality面對(duì)／接受現(xiàn)實(shí)escapefromreality逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)becomeareality成為現(xiàn)實(shí)bring...backtoreality使······面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)dreamandreality夢(mèng)想與現(xiàn)實(shí)Therealityisthat...實(shí)際情況是······【派生】realadj.真的；真實(shí)的reallyadv.真正地17.realityn.現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)【例句】①Outwardlysheseemedconfidentbutinrealityshefeltextremelynervous.②Whenmeetingwithdifficulties,oneshouldfacerealityandtrytosolvethedifficultiesinsteadofescapingfromreality.18.makeuseof使用；利用

【搭配】makegood/fulluseof好好/充分利用【近義詞】takeadvantageof利用/makethebestof（盡可能）利用/makethemostof盡量利用；充分利用【例句】①It’snecessarytoencouragekidstocomeupwithnewwaystomakeuseoftechnologyinschoollife.②Yourtimeshould_________(make)gooduseofinseniorhighschool.bemade19.complainaboutsth.抱怨某事【搭配】complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事complainthat...抱怨·······【派生】complaintn.埋怨；控告；抱怨makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事【例句】①Hecomplainedbitterlythathehadbeenunfairlytreated.②Ifyou’reunhappywiththeservice,youcanmakeacomplaint.20.flavourn.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色

vt.給（食物或飲料）調(diào)味；加味于【搭配】awinewithadelicatefruitflavour有淡淡的水果味的酒flavourofthemonth風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的人（或事物）flavour...with...用······給······調(diào)味【派生】flavouredadj.有······味道的；添加了味道的lemon-flavouredsweets／candy檸檬味糖果20.flavourn.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色

vt.給（食物或飲料）調(diào)味；加味于【例句】①Theseworkshaveastrongflavourofrurallife.②Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttherichflavour

ofhisdishes.21.nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的；營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的【搭配】tastyandnutritiousmeals既可口又有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飯菜【派生】nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)【拓展】adviceondietandnutrition有關(guān)飲食和營(yíng)養(yǎng)的建議studyfoodscienceandnutrition研究食物科學(xué)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)providenutritionfor為·····提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)【例句】①Adaptyourusualeatinghabitstomakethemmorenutritious.②It’simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeat.22.alleviatevt.減輕；緩解【派生】alleviationn.減輕；緩解【搭配】alleviatesuffering減輕苦難measurestoalleviatefoodshortage緩解糧食短缺的舉措【拓展】thealleviationoftensions緩和緊張局勢(shì)【例句】①Anumberofmeasuresweretakentoalleviatetheproblem.②Theorganizationhasbeencommittedtopovertyalleviation.23.widespreadadj.分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的【搭配】thewidespreaduseofchemicalfertilizersinagriculturedeepandwidespreadconcernwidespreadsupport/damage【例句】Thereiswidespreadconcernaboutthepotentialimpactofclimatechangeonfoodsecurity.②Myhobbyiswidespread,whichincludesdrawing,dancingandsoon.24.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流inturn轉(zhuǎn)而，相應(yīng)地（從反面角度看問題）。Alltheoriescomefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有理論都來源于實(shí)踐，反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。inreturn作為回報(bào)（用于報(bào)答某人），可單獨(dú)使用，也可與介詞for連用。inreturnfor作為對(duì)······的回報(bào)／回應(yīng)。Smileatsomeoneandyouaresuretogetasmileinreturn.對(duì)人微笑，別人定會(huì)回報(bào)你以微笑。24.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流【拓展】taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事taketurnsindoingsth.輪流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事。[it是形式主語，todosth.是真正主語]turnout結(jié)果是；證明是24.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流【例句】①Therewerecheersforeachofthemastheyspokeinturn.②Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand，________________,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.③Theyofferedhimplentyofmoneywithlittleexpectationinreturn.④IwishIcoulddosomething_______________________thekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.inturninreturnfor25.digestvt.＆vi.消化;vt.領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟;n.摘要；文摘【派生】digestiveadj.消化的digestionn.消化；消化能力【搭配】digestwell／easily易消化digestill難消化amonthlynewsdigest每月新聞?wù)猂eader’sDigest《讀者文摘》【拓展】thedigestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)haveagood/poordigestion消化能力強(qiáng)／弱25.digestvt.＆vi.消化;vt.領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟;n.摘要；文摘【例句】①Theylearnwellbutseemtoneedtimetodigesttheinformation.②Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.26.essentialadj.完全必要的；極其重要的；基本的【搭配】essentialservicessuchaswater，electricityandgasbeessentialto／forsth.anessentialpart/componentofsth.【句型】Itisessentialtodosth./Itisessentialthat...【例句】①Experienceisessentialforthisjob.②Atorchalongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinthedark.③It’sessentialthatpeopleunderstandthepotentialproblemsofcross-culturalcommunication.27.alternativen.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的n：havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth.analternativeto...adj：alternativeenergyalternativeways/methods【拓展】不得不做某事cannotbutdosth/cannotchoosebutdosth/cannothelpbutdosth27.alternativen.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的【例句】①Formany，shoppingonlineisamorecomfortablealternativethancrowdedmalls.②Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain．③Sometimes,inordertosucceed,wehavenoalternativebut________(face)failurebravelyandlearnfromit.toface28.forinstance例如；比如instancen.例子；實(shí)例；事例【用法】forinstance＝forexample【拓展】inthefirstinstance第一，首先give/citeaninstance給出／引用一個(gè)例子【例句】①Hehasmanyhobbies，forinstance，paintingandplayingthepiano.②

Inthefirstinstance,weneedtogatheralltherelevantinformationtohaveaclearunderstandingofthesituation.29.depthn.向下（或向里）的距離；深（度）【派生】deepadj.深的；deepenv.加深【搭配】atthedepthof在······的深度to／atadepthof深達(dá)·······indepth全面；深入；詳細(xì)thedepthsoftheocean/country/forest海洋深處／偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)／森林深處29.depthn.向下（或向里）的距離；深（度）【拓展】longadj.長(zhǎng)的→lengthn.長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.（使）變長(zhǎng)wideadj.寬的→widthn.寬度→widenv.加寬highadj.高的→heightn.高度→heightenv.提高strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的→strengthn.強(qiáng)度→strengthenv.加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)，鞏固29.depthn.向下（或向里）的距離；深（度）【例句】①StudentshavethefreedomtofocusonwhatevertopictheyareinterestedinandstudyitindepththroughtheInternet.②Ididn’tgoindepthintothematterwithhim.③Thearchitectcarefullymeasuredthelength,width,andheightoftheroomtoensureitwasproportionate.Healsoconsideredthedepthofthefoundationtostrengthenthebuilding’sstability.30.rootn.根；根莖；根部；根源v.（使）生根【派生】rootedadj.根源在于【搭配】haveone’sroot（s）in根植于；起源于takeroot生根；植根；深入人心be/lieattherootof是······的根本原因adeep-rootedhabit根深